Uma sigula kumele sisebenzise imishanguzo ehlukene, imvelaphi yesifo ivame ukudideka ukuthi ngabe ibangelwa igciwane noma ibhaktheriya. Kuningi umehluko phakathi kwegciwane kanye namagciwane lokho kufanele kubhekwe lapho kwelashwa izimpawu ezahlukahlukene nokuvikela ukulimala okukhulu.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yini umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamagciwane namagciwane nokuthi yiziphi izifo eziyinhloko.
Okuvamile
Amagciwane mancane kunamagciwane futhi anomthamo omkhulu wokuguquka nokutheleleka. Izifo ezibangelwa yizinhlobo ezimbili zamagciwane ziphathwa ngezindlela ezihluke kakhulu.
Yize ulwazi oluncane ngokwengeziwe lwaziwa, emhlabeni kunokungabaza okuningi okuzungeze i-coronavirus entsha. Phakathi kwemibuzo eminingi, ngenxa yokungazi noma imininingwane engeyona, kaningi kubantu kuphakama umbuzo wokuthi ngabe i-coronavirus ingelashwa ngama-antibiotics. Impendulo ithi cha: alikho igciwane elingelashwa ngama-antibiotics, asetshenziselwa kuphela ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane namagciwane ziphathwa ngezindlela ezihluke kakhulu ngoba azisebenzi ngendlela efanayo emzimbeni ezithinta wona.
Amagciwane nama-bacterium amancane ngosayizi, cishe kuyo yonke indawo, futhi ayimbangela yezifo eziningi. Kepha azifani.
Incazelo yamagciwane namagciwane
Amagciwane ayizinto ezinengqamuzana elilodwa futhi athola umsoco endaweni ahlala kuyo. Zingadala izinkinga ezinjengezimbobo, izifo ezithinta umchamo, ukutheleleka kwezindlebe, noma umphimbo we-strep, ukusho nje ezimbalwa. Kepha amabhaktheriya awazibangeli njalo izifo: ezinye zazo zinemiphumela enenzuzo, ngokwesibonelo, Siza ukusebenza okujwayelekile kohlelo lokugaya ukudla, Zisiza ukucubungula nokuthola izakhamzimba ekudleni futhi zivimbele ukungena kwamagciwane ayingozi. Izinhlobo ezithile zamagciwane zisetshenziselwa nokwenza izidakamizwa noma imishanguzo esindisa impilo.
Amagciwane mancane kunamagciwane. Akuwona amangqamuzana aphelele: ayizinto nje zofuzo ezifakwe kusendlalelo samaprotheni. Badinga ezinye izakhiwo zamaseli ukuzala, okusho ukuthi abakwazi ukuhlala bodwa ngaphandle kokuthi bahlala kwezinye izinto (njengabantu, izitshalo, noma izilwane).
Amanye amagciwane angabulala amabhaktheriya noma alwe namagciwane abulalayo kakhulu. Abizwa ngokuthi ama-bacteriophage noma ama-bacteriophages ("ukugwinya" ngesiGreki): athelela futhi aqede amabhaktheriya athile atholakala kulwelwesi lwamafinyila wezinhlelo zokugaya ukudla, zokuphefumula nezokuzala.
Leli gciwane lingaphila ngaphandle kwamaseli aphilayo isikhathi esifushane. Kodwa-ke, uma sebengene emzimbeni womuntu, bayanda ngokushesha futhi bangenza abantu bagule. Kungadala ukugula okuncane, okufana nomkhuhlane ovamile, nezinye izifo ezibucayi, njenge ingxibongo noma ingculaza, ebangelwa igciwane lengculazi (i-HIV).
Banamandla okuguquka okuguqukayo, okungasho ukuthi baba nolaka ngokwengeziwe, kepha izinto zabo zofuzo sezishintshile, okungukuthi, ukwakheka kwegciwane lesakhi zofuzo elitholakala ngaphakathi kwe-particle kungaba yi-DNA noma i-RNA. Ama-virus nawo anamandla amakhulu okusuleleka, abangela ubhadane lwezifo, lapho isifo sobhubhane sisakazekela emazweni amaningi.
Umehluko phakathi kwamagciwane namagciwane
Kunokwehluka okuningi phakathi kwamagciwane namagciwane, njengoba sizoklelisa nemininingwane engezansi:
Usayizi: amabhaktheriya amakhulu ngokuphindwe ka-100 kunamagciwane. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi kuzo zombili lezi zimo, azibonakali ngamehlo omuntu futhi zingatholwa kuphela ngesibonakhulu esikhethekile. Amagciwane angabonakala ngesibonakhulu esibonakalayo, kuyilapho amagciwane etholakala kuphela ngemicroscope ye-electron, kusetshenziswa amalensi kagesi kagesi.
Isakhiwo: ukwakheka kwaleli gciwane kulula kancane, okubandakanya izinhlayiya ze-genomic RNA noma ze-DNA ezisongwe ngejazi lamaprotheni. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amabhaktheriya anesakhiwo sangaphakathi esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi udonga lwamaseli awo kulapho kukhona khona i-cytoplasm, ribosomes, kanye ne-genome yebhaktheriya.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha: Le enye inkinga ama-virus namagciwane angahlanganyeli ngayo. Amagciwane anamandla okukhula nokuzala ngokwawo. Ukuhlukaniswa okuningi kungenziwa kusuka kulawa maseli. Amagciwane awanawo amandla okuzihlukanisa ngokwawo, aziphindaphinda ngokungapheli futhi ahlasele amanye amaseli ukudlulisa imininingwane yawo yofuzo. Ziyaphindeka, kepha kumaseli aphilayo aphethe athelele futhi abangele izifo.
Ukumelana: Amagciwane akhona cishe kuzo zonke izindawo ezisemhlabeni futhi indlela ezisebenza ngayo ikwenza ungazweli kakhulu. Ngalesi sizathu, ngokungafani namagciwane, angaphila emazingeni okushisa adlulele futhi aphile isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwezinye izidalwa. Elinye iqiniso elenza ukusebenza kwabo ukuthi bangakuthola ukudla emithonjeni eminingi ehlukene, ephilayo kanye nezinto ezingaphili.
Ngokuqondene namagciwane, ngokuvamile, angaphila amahora noma izinsuku, ikakhulukazi ensimbi engagqwali eqinile noma ezindaweni zepulasitiki, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukutheleleka kwawo kuzokwehla ngoba amagciwane awakwazi ukuziphindaphinda.
Ukwelapha: umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamagciwane namagciwane. Imithi elwa namagciwane ayisebenzi kuma-virus, ayikwazi ukuwabulala, futhi ibuye ibe nengozi enkulu ezigulini ngenxa yokuvela kokumelana namagciwane. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuthuthukiswe imishanguzo yokulwa namagciwane ukuhlasela amagciwane athile.
Uma umthombo walesi sifo kungamagciwane futhi kutholakala ama-antibiotic anele, ukwelashwa akubizi kakhulu futhi, lapho sekuqediwe uhlelo lokwelashwa, kuvame ukubuyela kokujwayelekile ezinsukwini noma emasontweni ambalwa. Uma umsuka wesifo uyigciwane, isimo sizoba nzima ngoba alikho izinga elilinganayo lemithi elwa namagciwane ngobuningi nokusebenza kwayo.
Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo babhekene nokwelashwa okusebenzayo kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Lawa magciwane awafani ne-pathogenic, kepha azikho izindlela eziphumelelayo zokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, asetshenziswa kubantu asebekhulile abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka ukubona ukuthi i-pathology ibucayi kakhulu noma idlulile esigulini.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngomehluko phakathi kwamagciwane namagciwane.