Ukungcoliswa komoya kubanga izinkulungwane nezinkulungwane zempilo ngonyaka kuwo wonke amazwe. Uma ujwayele ukuzwa "isihogo" abanaso eChina, ikakhulukazi eBeijingNgokungcola komoya, lokhu kuzokumangaza. Ngenkathi i-World Health Organisation (WHO) ibeka ubukhulu bezinhlayiya kuma-micrograms angama-25 nge-cubic meter ngayinye, eBeijing ifinyelela kuma-500.
Kepha into ayikho lapho, e-Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia), okuyilapho esizokhuluma khona namhlanje, kufinyelelwa ekugxileni kwama-micrograms ayi-1.600 ngemitha ngayinye, okungukuthi, iphindwe izikhathi ezingama-65 kunaleyo enconywe yi-WHO. Kungani lokhu kufakwa kwe-apocalyptic kufinyelelwa?
Imbangela enkulu yokungcola e-Ulaanbaatar
I-Ulaanbaatar iyinhloko-dolobha yaseMongolia futhi inabantu abancane kunabo bonke emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kokuba nesibhakabhaka esikhulu esiluhlaza nezindawo ezinkulu ezinotshani, kungomunye wemizi engcoliswe kakhulu emhlabeni. Kungani lokhu uma inani labantu liphansi kakhulu?
EBeijing, ukungcoliswa komoya kuvela ezimotweni nasezimbonini. Kodwa-ke, imbangela enkulu yokungcola enhlokodolobha yaseMongolia kubangelwa intuthu eyenziwe kuma-yurts asemadolobheni. Yini ama-yurts asemadolobheni? Lezi yizindawo zokuhlala ezivamile lapho abantu abaningi basemaphandleni abavela khona behlala e-Ulaanbaatar.
Intuthu evela ema-yurts asemadolobheni
Umsuka wentuthu enhlokodolobha yaseMongolia uqhamuka ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane bedolobha, lapho izinkulungwane zabantu zisebenzisa izitofu zamalahle ukuzotha. Le ndlela eshibhile nephumelelayo ebusika obukhulu kakhulu baseMongolia -ngamazinga okushisa afinyelela kuma-degree angama-50 ngaphansi kuka-zero- kepha angcolisa kakhulu.
Ukungcola okuphezulu kubanga ungqimba lwenkungu enobuthi ukuba yenze ebusika futhi kudala izifo zokuphefumula. Izinga eliphakeme lokungcola lisho ukuthi ngonyaka we-2013 idolobha lase-Ulaanbaatar lalibalwa njenge idolobha lesibili elibi kunawo wonke emhlabeni, ngokusho kohlu olwenziwe yi-WHO.
Le ntuthu ihlanganiswa neqiniso lokuthi i-Ulaanbaatar izungezwe izintaba, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi umoya ujikeleze ukuthi inkungu engcolisayo ingahamba nayo. Izakhamizi zibambe imibhikisho emibili emikhulu yokulwa nokungcola komoya esigcawini esikhulu kunazo zonke edolobheni. Ukukhombisa, izinkulungwane zabahlali zize esigcawini ziphethe izifihla-buso nezibhengezo eziqinisekisa ngazo "angikwazi ukuphefumula" ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu okungcoliswa futhi wacela uHulumeni ukuthi athathe izinyathelo zokunciphisa lesi simo.
Xazulula izinkinga empandeni
Kusuka eMnyangweni Wezemvelo, umuntu ophethe ukulwa nokungcola, uGunbileg Lkhagvasuren, uvikela ukuthi imbangela enkulu yokungcola komkhathi kusezindaweni ze-yurt, nokuthi izakhamizi zinokhiye omkhulu wokuzixazulula, ngokusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwamafutha .
Enhlokodolobha yaseMongolia I-80% yokungcola ivela kuma-yurts, i-10% ivela kuthrafikhi, i-6% izitshalo zamandla okushisa kanye ne-4% ezinhlayiyeni ezintantayo. Kungakho ama-yurt kufanele agcizelelwe, ngoba ahambelana neningi lezimbangela zokungcola okusindayo.
Esinye sezixazululo eziphakanyiswe nguHulumeni ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwama-heater kagesi ezindaweni ezihlwempu kunokusebenzisa izitofu zamalahle. Kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, ugesi kulawo ma-yurts namakamelo akhululekile ebusuku, okuthi kanye nokukhuthaza izitofu zamalahle ezisebenza kahle kube ngumzamo omkhulu weziphathimandla ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa komhlaba.
Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwezakhamizi nabahambi, uhulumeni uthi ngeke awukhokhise ugesi, kepha izikhungo zakhe zamandla ziyaqhubeka nokukhiqiza ukungcola. Ngaphezu kwalokho kunabantu abanqikayo ukushintsha ama-heater ngenxa yokungazethembi, ukufudumeza amakhebuli noma izintambo ezingalungile, njll.