Ngaphakathi kwegatsha le-biology kukhona igatsha elaziwa njenge-ecology. Ngaphakathi kwaleli gatsha kukhona elinye elibhekele ukutadishwa kohlobo ngalunye ekuzivumelaniseni nemvelo yemvelo. Lesi siyalo saziwa njenge ukuzimela. Inhloso yalesi sayensi ukukhetha uhlobo oluthile lwendalo ukuze kusungulwe bonke ubudlelwano obusungulayo nendawo ehlala kuyo.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi nge-autoecology, izici zayo nokubaluleka kwayo.
Izici eziyinhloko
I-Autoecology isizwa yizo zonke izayensi ezinikezela ngolwazi mayelana nezinhlobo. Imvelo ohlala kuyo nayo ibalulekile ukwazi ukuxhumana okungenzeka kube khona phakathi kwezinhlangothi zombili. Zonke izifundo zale sayensi zivame ukukhetha umuntu futhi zimtadishe ngaphansi kwezici zokwakheka nokusebenza. Ngenxa yalokho, basungula ubudlelwano nemvelo ebazungezile nokubaluleka enakho.
Umgomo uwukuthi ukunciphisa ukubanzima kwazo zonke izici zemvelo eziphazamisa ngandlela thile nokuthuthuka komuntu ikakhulukazi. Izici zemvelo ezifana nenani lesehlakalo elangeni, izinga lokushisa, inani lamanzi atholakalayo, uhlobo lomhlabathi, nemvula, phakathi kokunye. Ukusungula konke ukuxhumana okukhona phakathi kwezici zezinhlobo zokuphila nomsebenzi womuntu kulezi zinhlobo zempilo, kuyadingeka ukubhekana nezindinganiso zangaphakathi zomuntu nezendawo yakhe yokuhlala.
Ngale ndlela, kungenzeka ukuthi kusungulwe ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko umuntu akwazi ukuzithuthukisa ukuze aphile kule ndawo ethile. Uyisizathu esenza ukuthi ku- i-autoecology yehlukile kwelinye igatsha elingokwesayensi yemvelo futhi ibizwa nge-synecology. Kwehluka kakhulu ezingeni lokulandelana lapho kufunda khona uhlelo lwezemvelo. Ngenkathi i-synecology icwaninga ngesethi yezinhlobo ezakha imiphakathi kanye nama-web web okudla akusungulayo, i-autoecology ifunda kuphela uhlobo oluthile oluthile maqondana nemvelo yalo.
Kungashiwo ukuthi le sayensi ikhetheke kakhulu futhi inemininingwane eminingi kune-synecology.
Inhloso yokutadisha ye-autoecology
Njengoba sishilo phambilini, inhloso enkulu ukutadisha uhlobo oluthile ukuze wazi ukuthi lukubeka kanjani ukuzivumelanisa okuthile ukuze kusinde imvelo yalo. Uma sikukhipha konke lokhu ukuze sikwenze, siyabona ukuthi izifundo ezahlukahlukene ze-autoecological zibheka kuphela abantu abathile noma umuntu oyedwa noma abambalwa bohlobo oluthile. Inhloso yokugcina ukusungula ukuxhumana okukhona phakathi kwezimpawu zezinhlobo ezithile nemvelo lapho ikhula khona.
I-anatomy ne-physiology
Ukuze wazi ukuxhumana phakathi komuntu nendawo ezungezile, kubalulekile ukwazi ukwakheka komzimba nokwakheka komzimba. Kulapha lapho ingxenye yolwazi lokuqoqa lonke ulwazi mayelana nokwakheka nokusebenza kwangaphakathi komuntu ohlobo oluthile. Ngalolu lwazi olutholakele, izimpendulo zomzimba ezimeni ezahlukahlukene zemvelo zingahlobene.
imvelo
Imvelo yindawo lapho kutholakala khona uhlobo. Kuyaziwa nangegama labahlali. Inaka imvelo lapho uhlobo olunikeziwe lukhula futhi lubhekele ukuqoqa imininingwane eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka. Lapho sesinalo lonke ulwazi, luhlukaniswa phakathi kwezinto ezahlukahlukene ezinomthelela ezinhlotsheni zezinto eziphilayo ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane. Isibonelo, kunezinhlobo ezithonywe kakhulu ukwehluka kwamazinga okushisa, inani lokukhanya, imvula, njll. Ubukhona bemizimba yamanzi amasha noma anosawoti, uhlobo lomhlabathi lapho lukhula khona, njll. Zingaba yizimo eziguquguqukayo zokuthuthuka kohlobo.
Autoecology kanye nezimo
I-Autoecology nayo inesibopho sokuhlaziya ukuthi yikuphi ukuguquguquka kokuvela kohlobo ukuze iphile unomphela. Izama ukusungula ifomu ngemisebenzi yezinhlobo ezingaphansi kocwaningo lwe-physiology nemvelo lapho ihlala khona. Ukwenza lokhu, ukusungula ubudlelwano obukhona nemikhawulo yemvelo nokuma kohlobo lwenhlobo kubalulekile. Iningi lezici ze-morphological noma imisebenzi yangaphakathi uhlobo lwesilwane ebelilingene ngenxa yendawo elihlala kuyo. Lokhu kuziphendukela kwemvelo nokuzivumelanisa ne ukushintsha kwezimo zemvelo kwaziwa njengokukhethwa kwemvelo.
Ukukhethwa kwemvelo kuphethe ukukhuthaza ukuthi abantu abanohlamvu kuphela abangakwazi ukuzala. Kuyasiza ukukwazi ukubhekana nezimo zemvelo. Sikhuluma ngezimo eziguqukayo njalo futhi okufanele zishintshwe. Njengamanje, kunezinguquko ezisheshayo njengoba kufanele ngokwemvelo. Sikhuluma ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuzoletha imiphumela efana nokwanda kwamazinga okushisa, ukuba khona kwamathuba amakhulu esomiso nezikhukhula, izinguquko ku-phenology yezinhlobo, njll. Ebhekene nalezi zinguquko, imvelo yangaphakathi yezinto eziphilayo kufanele ivumelane.
Isibonelo sokuzivumelanisa nezimo kungaba ngumzimba onoqweqwe olukhulu lwamafutha kunokujwayelekile ukuze ukwazi ukumelana nezimo ezinamazinga okushisa aphansi. Njengomphumela wazo zonke lezi zifundo, isethi yokushintshwa kohlobo oluthile iyaziwa futhi ubudlelwano enabo nezici zemvelo yendawo yazo. Ngokunjalo nobubanzi bokwehluka kwale mibandela kuyasungulwa, okuyikhona okuchaza indawo yokuhlala yalezi zinhlobo.
Umjikelezo wempilo kanye nokwehluka kwesizini kwemvelo
Isici esithile se-autoecology ukuchaza ukuhlangana okukhona phakathi komjikelezo wempilo womzimba kanye nokwehluka kwemvelo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, unyaka wonke, kunokuhlukahluka okuncane noma okungabaluleki kakhulu okungamaka isizini echaziwe. Lesi sikhathi sonyaka sizohluka ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zomjikelezo wokuphila wezinhlobo. Isibonelo, izinamba ezinkulu zezinambuzane ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa zithonywe kakhulu yisikhathi sonyaka.
Esinye isibonelo singabonakala kahle ezindaweni ezifudumele. Kulezi zindawo sinezinkathi ezine zonyaka, kanti ezindaweni ezishisayo kunezinkathi ezimbili kuphela zonyaka. Umjikelezo wokuphila wezinhlobo kulezi zindawo ingakhula imikhuba eyehlukene njengokuphakelwa kwayo, ukukhwelana nokunye.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-autoecology nezifundo zayo.