Uma sibhekisela kukho ukusimama noma ukusimama Ku-ecology, sichaza ukuthi amasistimu ebhayoloji “azisekela” kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ahlala ehlukahlukene futhi ekhiqiza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi sikhuluma ngayo ibhalansi phakathi kohlobo oluthile nezinsiza zemvelo. Kungumqondo osebenza emvelweni nasemisebenzini yomuntu. Yena 1987 Umbiko weBrundtland kuchaze ukusimama njengokuxhashazwa kwezinsiza ngendlela yokuthi izinga lokuvuselelwa kwazo kwemvelo lingabi sengozini.
Izinhlobo Zokusimama
Umqondo wokusimama uye wanda ngale kwemvelo ukuze uhlanganise izici zenhlalo, ezombusazwe kanye nezomnotho. Lena inqubo yenhlalo-mnotho ebanzi engahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbalwa:
Ukusimama Kwezombusazwe
La ukusimama kwezepolitiki isabalalisa kabusha amandla ezepolitiki nezomnotho, isungula izakhiwo zentando yeningi kanye nokukhuthaza ukuhlonishwa kwamalungelo abantu kanye nemvelo. Lokhu kuzuzwa ngohlaka lomthetho oluqinisekisa ubulungiswa namandla esikhungo. Izinqubomgomo zokusimama kwezepolitiki ziyakhuthaza ubudlelwano obusekelayo phakathi kwemiphakathi futhi sihlose ukwenza ngcono izinga lempilo esikhathini eside.
Ukusimama Kwezomnotho
La ukusimama komnotho ifuna ukukhiqiza ingcebo ngendlela elinganayo nengenzeleli, ukuze izizukulwane zamanje zikwazi ukwanelisa izidingo zazo ngaphandle kokudela izinsiza ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezizayo. Umnotho osimeme yilowo osekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kahle kwezinsiza, ukuhlonipha kokubili imvelo nezidingo zomphakathi.
Lo mqondo ubandakanya ukuphromotha izinkampani ezinomthwalo wemfanelo abafuna ukuthuthukisa izinsiza zabo, ukunciphisa ukumosha kanye nokukhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali kubuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile. Ukusimama komnotho futhi kuhlose ukuqeda ukungalingani kwezomnotho phakathi kwezifunda namaqembu omphakathi ngendlela ephumelelayo neqhubekayo.
Ukusimama kwemvelo
La ukusimama kwemvelo Cishe iyona eyaziwa kakhulu, futhi ibhekisela ekuphathweni ngokucophelela nangempumelelo kwemithombo yemvelo ukuze ivuselelwe. Kubandakanya ukugcina ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlelo zemvelo kanye nokunciphisa ukuxhashazwa kwemithombo ibe sezingeni elivumela ukuvuselelwa kwazo kwemvelo.
Ukufeza lokhu kuzinza, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinqubo ezinciphisa imithelela engemihle endaweni ezungezile, njengokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukudoba ngokweqile, noma ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi. Isibonelo esicacile ukukhuthazwa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, angagcini nje ngokungcolisa kancane kodwa futhi anezinsiza ezingenamkhawulo.
Ukulinganisa Ukusimama Kwemvelo
Ukuze wazi ukuthi imizamo yokusimama iyasebenza, udinga ukuba nayo izinkomba zobuningi. Kunezindlela eziningana zokulinganisa:
I-Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI)
El Inkomba Yokusimama Kwemvelo (ESI) inkomba ekala ikhono lezwe lokuvikela imvelo yalo esikhathini eside. Le nkomba ibala amapharamitha ahlukahlukene emvelo, njengekhwalithi yomoya, ikhwalithi yamanzi noma ukuphathwa kukadoti, futhi iwaqhathanise phakathi kwezizwe ezahlukene. Isekelwe ezingxenyeni ezinhlanu ezibalulekile:
- Isimo sezinhlelo zemvelo.
- Ukuncishiswa kwezinkinga zemvelo.
- Inqubekelaphambili ekuvikelweni kwemvelo.
- Amandla esikhungo okuphatha imvelo.
- Ukuphathwa kwezwe ezindabeni zokusimama.
Le nkomba ihlinzeka ngombono onenhloso wokuthi izwe liyiphatha kanjani imithombo yalo kanye nomthelela walo kwezemvelo.
Inkomba yokusebenza kwemvelo (EPI)
El Inkomba Yokusebenza Kwemvelo (EPI) ihlukanisa amazwe ngokususelwe kulawo ukusebenza kwemvelo ngezinjongo ezimbili eziyinhloko: ubungqabavu bendawo ezungezile nempilo yemvelo. Ngokulandelayo, lezi zinhloso zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene:
- Ubungqabavu be-ecosystem: imithombo yemvelo, izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, izinga lomoya, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
- Impilo yezemvelo: izinga lomoya, ukuthuthwa kwendle, ukufinyelela emanzini ahlanzekile.
I-EPI isetshenziselwa ukuhlola izinqubomgomo zezwe kanye nempumelelo yazo mayelana nokusimama kwemvelo.
Umphumela Kathathu
El Umphumela Kathathu o I-Triple Bottom Line indlela yebhizinisi ehlola ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezingxenye ezintathu ezibalulekile: ezenhlalo, ezomnotho kanye nezemvelo. Le ndlela ifuna izinkampani ukuthi zingagcini nje ngokukhulisa inzuzo yazo, kodwa futhi nomthelela wazo omuhle emphakathini nasemvelweni. Izinkampani ezamukela le modeli ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukusebenza kwazo kulezi zindawo ezintathu emibikweni yazo yesibopho somphakathi.
Izinhloso Zokusimama Kwemvelo
Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu zokusimama ukuguqula i-paradigm yamandla omhlaba. Ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwezibaso ezimbiwa phansi kungenye yezimbangela ezinkulu zokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo, yingakho kubalulekile. ukubheja emandleni avuselelekayo.
Dala ukuqwashisa umhlaba wonke mayelana nokusimama kungenye inhloso enkulu. Abantu kumele baqaphele ukuthi izinqumo zabo zansuku zonke, ezifana nokusebenzisa amandla kanye nokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo, zinomthelela oqondile emvelweni. Izibonelo ezifana nephrojekthi IBarcelona Smart City gqamisa ukuthi amadolobha angaluhola kanjani uguquko olubheke entuthukweni esimeme.
Ukusimama Ekhaya
Amakhaya angaba yizibonelo ezinhle zokusimama. Hlanganisa izinqubo ezifana nokusetshenziswa kwe amandla elanga, i-thermal insulation kanye nokuma kahle kwekhaya, kusiza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Lezi zinyathelo azizuzisi imvelo kuphela, kodwa futhi ukunciphisa izindleko amandla kubanikazi.
Izici zamadolobha aqhubekayo
Amadolobha asimeme yilawo akwaziyo ukuhlanganisa ngokugcwele ukuthuthukiswa kwamadolobha, ukulondolozwa kwemithombo yemvelo kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lempilo. Ezinye zezici eziyinhloko zala madolobha yilezi:
- Amasistimu okuhamba asebenzayo: Bahlanganisa izithuthi zomphakathi ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi bakhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokuthutha ezisimeme njengamabhayisikili nabahamba ngezinyawo.
- Ukuphathwa kwezinsiza ngendlela efanele: Ukuqoqwa, ukwelashwa kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwemfucuza ukuze kubuyiselwe inani, kanye nokuphathwa kwamanzi ngendlela efanele.
- Izindlela zokonga amandla: Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kanye nobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
- Ukulondolozwa kwemvelo: Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo ezungezile kanye nokuhlonipha i-ecosystem yasemadolobheni.
Esinye isici esibalulekile yi- izakhamuzi iqhaza, lapho izakhamuzi zibamba iqhaza elikhulu ekwenzeni izinqumo ezithinta indawo yasemadolobheni.
Isilinganiso Sokusimama Kwebhizinisi
Umqondo wokusimama udlulela ezinkampanini, okumele nazo zilinganise umthelela wazo emvelweni nasemphakathini. I izinkomba eziluhlaza Zihlanganisa amapharamitha afana nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi, i-carbon footprint noma ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza. Lezi zihlukaniswe ngamamethrikhi emvelo, ezenhlalakahle kanye nezomnotho.
Ukuqaliswa kokusebenza kohlelo lwebhizinisi olusimeme kuphinde kuhlanganise nokwamukelwa kwamazinga omhlaba afana neziNhloso Zokuthuthukiswa Okusimeme (ama-SDG) afuna ukwenza ngcono ukuncintisana kuyilapho kunciphisa umthelela kwezemvelo.
Ekupheleni kwalesi sihloko, kuyacaca ukuthi ukusimama akuyona nje imfashini noma umkhuba, kodwa isidingo esiphuthumayo sokuqinisekisa ikusasa elisebenzayo lezomnotho, imvelo nezenhlalakahle. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kumuntu ngamunye, ebhizinisini noma ezingeni likahulumeni, sonke sinendima okufanele siyidlale ekuzuzeni intuthuko esimeme ngempela.