Uma sibhekisela kukho ukusimama noma ukusimama Ku-ecology, sichaza ukuthi izinhlelo zebhayoloji "zizondla" kanjani ngokwehlukahlukana, zisisebenze njengezinsizakusebenza, futhi zikhiqize ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Okusho ukuthi, sikhuluma ngakho ukulingana kohlobo oluthile nezinsiza zemvelo. Ngokombiko we-1987 waseBrundtland ozibiza ngohlobo oluthile, ukusimama kusebenza ku ukuxhashazwa kwesisetshenziswa por ngaphansi komkhawulo wokuvuselela yemvelo yalo.
Izinhlobo zokusimama
Ukusimama kufuna umbono ojwayelekile futhi yingakho kuyinqubo yezenhlalo nezomnotho.
Lokho kusho, singasho ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zokusimama.
Ukusimama kwezepolitiki
Sabalalisa kabusha i- amandla ezepolitiki nezomnotho, kuqinisekisa ukuthi kunemithetho engaguquguquki ezweni, ukuthi sinohulumeni ophephile futhi simisa uhlaka lwezomthetho oluqinisekisa ukuhlonishwa kwabantu nemvelo.
Ikhuthaza ubudlelwano bobumbano phakathi kwemiphakathi nezifunda ngaleyo ndlela sithuthukise izinga lempilo futhi sinciphise ukuncika emiphakathini, ngaleyo ndlela kuvezwe izinhlaka zentando yeningi.
Ukusimama komnotho
Uma sikhuluma ngalokhu kuzinza sibhekisa ku- ikhono lokukhiqiza ingcebo ngamanani alinganayo futhi ifanele imikhakha eyahlukene yezenhlalo, ukusungula abantu mababe ngokuphelele uyakwazi futhi nokuxazulula izinkinga zabo zezezimali, ezingakhulisa ngokwazo ukukhiqizwa futhi ziqinise ukusetshenziswa emikhakheni yokukhiqizwa kwemali.
Ngalesi sizathu, uma ukusimama kuyibhalansi, lolu hlobo lokusimama ibhalansi phakathi kwemvelo nomuntu, ibhalansi efuna ukwanelisa izidingo zamanje ngaphandle kokunikela ngezizukulwane ezizayo.
Ukusimama kwemvelo
Lolu hlobo lokusimama lubaluleke kakhulu (okufanele lucwaningwe emikhakheni yethu yokufundisa) nento "yokuhlaziywa" kule ndatshana.
Akubhekiswa kokunye noma ngaphansi kune ikhono lokugcina izici zebhayoloji ekukhiqizweni nasekuhlukaneni kwalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngale ndlela, ukugcinwa kwemithombo yemvelo kuyatholakala.
Lokhu kuzinza kuyakhuthaza izibopho eziqaphela imvelo futhi kwenza ukukhula komuntu kukhule ngokunakekela nokuhlonipha imvelo lapho ahlala khona.
Ukulinganiswa kokusimama kwemvelo
Izindlela zokusimama zezemvelo noma ezinye izinhlobo, yizinyathelo zokulinganisa ngezigaba zentuthuko ukuze bakwazi ukwakha izindlela zokuphathwa kwemvelo.
Izinyathelo ezi-3 ezinhle kakhulu namhlanje yi-Environmental Sustainability Index, i-Environmental Performance Index kanye nomphumela ophindwe kathathu.
Inkomba Yokuqina
Lokhu kuyinkomba yakamuva futhi kuyisinyathelo se-Global Leaders for Tomorrow Environmental Task Force ye-World Economic Forum.
I-Environmental Sustainability Index noma i-Environmental Sustainability Index, ngamafuphi I-ESI, iyinkomba enenkomba, ehleleke ngokwezigaba, equkethe Izinguquko ze-67 enesisindo esilinganayo sisonke (sona sakhiwe ngezinto ezi-5, zona zinezici ezingama-22).
Ngale ndlela, i I-ESI ihlanganisa izinkomba zemvelo ezingama-22 esukela kukhwalithi yomoya, ukuncishiswa kukadoti nokuvikelwa kwamakhomishana aphesheya.
Ibanga etholwe yizwe ngalinye ihlukaniswe yaba izihloko ezithile ezingama-67, njengokukalwa kwesulfure dioxide emoyeni wasemadolobheni kanye nokufa okuhambisana nezimo zenhlanzeko ezingezinhle.
I-ESI ilinganisa amaphuzu amahlanu amaphakathi:
- Isimo sezinhlelo zezemvelo zezwe ngalinye.
- Impumelelo etholakele emsebenzini wokunciphisa izinkinga ezinkulu ezinhlelweni zemvelo.
- Inqubekela phambili ekuvikeleni izakhamizi zayo ekulimaleni ekugcineni kwemvelo.
- Amandla ezenhlalo nezikhungo isizwe ngasinye okufanele sithathe izinyathelo eziphathelene nemvelo.
- Izinga lokuphatha izwe ngalinye elinalo.
Le yinkomba yokuthi njengokuhlanganiswa kwe-meganumerary, ihlose "ukukalwa" nge-GDP kanye ne-International Competitiveness Index (ICI), ukugcwalisa ulwazi oluqinile, ukuqondisa kangcono ukuthathwa kwezinqumo nokwakhiwa nokusetshenziswa kwezinqubomgomo.
Ububanzi bokuhlukahluka kwemvelo kufakiwe kuphelele ngokwedlulele (ukugxila nokukhishwa kokungcola, ikhwalithi nobungako bamanzi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokusebenza kahle, izindawo ezikhethekile zezimoto, ukusetshenziswa kwama-agrochemicals, ukukhula kwabantu, ukubona inkohlakalo, ukuphathwa kwemvelo, njll., yize ababhali uqobo lwabo bevuma ukuthi kukhona okuguqukayo okuthakazelisa kakhulu okungenalo ulwazi ngakho.
Imininingwane abayichithayo imiphumela yokuqala yale nkomba ibonakala ihambisana nalokho okungabonakala ngokoqobo, ukuba ne- inani elihle le-ESI amazwe afana neSweden, Canada, Denmark neNew Zealand.
Index Performance Index
Eyaziwa ngegama I-PPE I-Environmental Performance Index iyindlela ye- ukulinganisa nokuhlukanisa ngamanani i- ukusebenza kwemvelo kwezinqubomgomo zezwe.
Okuguqukayo okubhekelwe ukubalwa kwe-EPI kwehlukaniswe ngezinhloso ezi-2: ubungqabavu bemvelo kanye nempilo yezemvelo.
Ngokufanayo, impilo yezemvelo ihlukaniswe yaba izigaba zepolitiki, ikakhulukazi ezi-3 ezi:
- Imiphumela yekhwalithi yomoya kwezempilo.
- Ukuthuthwa kwendle okuyisisekelo namanzi okuphuza.
- Umthelela wemvelo kwezempilo.
Futhi i ubungqabavu bezemvelo buhlukaniswe ngama-5 imikhakha yezepolitiki nayo eyi:
- Imithombo yemvelo ekhiqizayo.
- Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo nendawo ezihlala kuyo.
- Imithombo yamanzi.
- Imiphumela yokungcola komoya ezindaweni eziphilayo.
- Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Ngokubambisana nazo zonke lezi zigaba nokuthola umphumela wenkomba, kuyabhekwa Izinkomba ezingama-25 ngokuhlolwa kwakho okufanele (kuqokonyiswe esithombeni esingezansi).
Imiphumela emithathu
Umugqa ongezansi ophindwe kathathu noma umugqa ongezansi ophindwe kathathu awuyilutho ngaphandle kwe- a igama elihlobene nebhizinisi elizinzile, kubhekiswa ekusebenzeni okubangelwe yinkampani evezwe ngezilinganiso ezintathu: ezenhlalo, ezomnotho nezemvelo.
Ubufakazi bokusebenza maqondana ne- imiphumela emithathu Kubonakaliswa ekusimeni noma emibikweni yokuzibophezela emphakathini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlangano ene ukusebenza okuhle Ngokwemigomo yokubalwa kwezimali, umugqa ophansi kathathu uzoba nomphumela wokuthi ukukhulisa wenzuzo yalo kwezomnotho kanye nesibopho semvelo, kanye ne ukunciphisa noma ukuqeda ukubukeka kwayo okungekuhle, kugcizelela isibopho senhlangano kubabambiqhaza, hhayi kuphela kubaninimasheya.
Izinjongo zokusimama kwemvelo
Ukusimama kubhekene nezinkinga ezinkulu emhlabeni wanamuhla futhi esinye sazo isidingo salokho ukubheja ngokuqinisekile ngu Amandla avuselelekayo sisekela kangakanani kule bhulogi.
Futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla wendabuko kucabanga ukuthi i- ukugqoka kwemvelo lokho kungekudala ngeke kuphenduke.
Kungalesi sizathu-ke inhloso yokuqala okumele ukusimama ifinyelele kuyo (futhi ngiqonde leyo evamile, hhayi nje eyendawo ezungezile) ukuphatha ukudala ukwazi komhlaba wonke.
Kumele siqonde ukuthi sikhona ku iplanethi exhunyiweUkuthi esikwenzayo kuthinta abanye kanye nezinqumo zethu ezinhle noma ezimbi zizothinta amadodana namadodakazi ethu kungekudala.
Kancane kancane lokho kwaziswa kuyakheka njengoba kunezinhlelo eziningi ezinhle kakhulu ezibonakala emazweni ahlukahlukene ukukhuthaza ukusimama okwanele.
Icala eliseduze kakhulu lelo lephrojekthi IBarcelona Smart City, esigabeni se I-Barcelona + iyaqhubeka, idale imephu ebambisanayo lapho zonke izinhlelo ezisimeme zedolobha zihlelwe khona. Ithuluzi elingaphezu kokuthakazelisayo lokugcina umkhondo wazo zonke izinhlelo ezenziwayo.
Ukusimama ekhaya lakho
Ingabe kungaba nokusimama ekhaya lakho?
Namuhla kunabaningi bethu abacabanga ukuba ne- indlu esimemeZizinhle ngoba zibheka izinto ezahlukahlukene, njengokuma kwayo, amandla ewasebenzisayo (ikakhulukazi amandla elanga), izindawo ezivulekile ezibandakanyayo nokuthi kufakwa kanjani ukufakwa ngci ukuze kugweme ukulahleka kwamandla.
Konke lokhu kuthuthukiswa kukwenza kube namandla futhi kungangcolisi kangako, futhi kunjalo ukusimama kuyasebenza ongakucabanga ukukwenza esikhathini esizayo ukuze uzinikele empilweni yeplanethi.
Eqinisweni, ungavakashela izindatshana ezi-2 mayelana ukwakhiwa kwe-bioclimatic kuthakazelisa impela:
- Ukonga amandla emakhaya. Ukwakhiwa kwe-Bioclimatic.
- Ukwakhiwa kwe-Bioclimatic. Isibonelo nendlu yami.
Izici zamadolobha asimeme
Ukuhlala ekhaya elisimeme ngokuphelele kunomvuzo omkhulu, kepha uma sicabanga ngezinga elikhudlwana, yiziphi izici zamadolobha asimeme?
Amadolobha abizwa ngokuthi asimeme kufanele abe nalezi zici ezilandelayo:
Izinhlelo zokuthuthukiswa kwamadolobha nokuhamba.
Izindawo zomphakathi nezindawo eziluhlaza ziyahlonishwa; ukuhamba akuthathi isikhathi eside (isiminyaminya esibekezelelekayo), futhi izimoto nabantu bahlala ndawonye ngokuzwana.
Izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi zisebenza kahle, futhi ezokuhamba ezizimele zinciphisa ukukhula kwazo.
Ukuphathwa okuphelele kwemfucuza eqinile, amanzi nokuthuthwa kwendle.
Imfucumfucu eqinile iyaqoqwa, yehlukaniswe, igcinwe kahle futhi isetshenziswe kabusha ukuze iveze inani lephesenti elikhulu layo.
Amanzi angcolile ayalashwa abuye asebenze kabusha emithonjeni yamanzi yemvelo, okunciphisa ukonakala kwemvelo.
Le mithombo yamanzi (ogwini, amachibi, imifula) iyahlonishwa futhi inamazinga anele okuthuthwa kwendle kubantu.
Imifula yasemadolobheni ihlanganiswe kakhulu nempilo yedolobha.
Ukulondolozwa kwempahla yezemvelo.
Amachibi, amachibi nezintaba kuyavikelwa futhi kuhlanganiswe nentuthuko yedolobha, ngakho-ke kungasetshenziselwa impilo yomphakathi kanye nentuthuko yedolobha.
Izindlela zokusebenzisa amandla.
La madolobha asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha noma izinqubo zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bakukhomba ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla avuselelekayo.
Uhlelo lokuhlala lapho kubhekene nemithelela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Izindawo ezisengcupheni lapho abantu behlala khona ziyancishiswa kunokuba zenyuswe, ngoba kunohlelo lokunye lokwakhiwa kwezindlu futhi lungasetshenziswa.
Ama-akhawunti wezimali ahleliwe kanye nokuxhumana okwanele.
Kukhona ama-akhawunti acacile futhi asobala, ukungena kwe-inthanethi kuyanda, isivinini sokuxhuma sanele futhi abantu bathuthela ekwenzeni ukutholakala kwezinsizakalo zomphakathi zifakwe kwidijithali.
Izinkomba eziqondile zokuphepha kwesakhamuzi.
Izakhamuzi zinomuzwa wokuthi zingaphila ndawonye ngokuthula ngoba izehlakalo zobugebengu nobugebengu obuhleliwe ziyancipha futhi zivame ukuzinza emazingeni aphansi.
Ukubamba iqhaza kwezakhamizi.
Umphakathi usebenzisa izinsizakusebenza zokuxhumana, njengezicelo ezingomahamba nendlwana, ukuxoxa ngezinkinga zokuxazulula izinkinga ukwenza ngcono idolobha.
Imiphakathi yomphakathi kanye nabanye abalingisi bendawo bahlelelwe ukukwazi ukuthinta isenzo sansuku zonke sempilo yedolobha.
Ngikushiya nalesi sithombe sokugcina lapho ungabheka khona ukuthi yimaphi amadolobha asimeme kakhulu futhi yimiphi okungenani.
