Umuntu uhlala edala imfucuza endaweni ezungezile. I ukuphathwa kukadoti kubalulekile ukukwazi ukunciphisa umthelela wazo kwezemvelo. Kumayelana nesethi yemisebenzi edingekayo ukuze ukwazi ukwenza ukwelashwa okufanele kwemfucuza, kusukela esizukulwaneni sayo ukuya ekukhishweni kwayo noma ukusetshenziswa kabusha.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokuphathwa kwemfucuza, yiziphi izici zayo nokuthi kubaluleke kangakanani.
Izinhloso zokulawulwa kwemfucuza
Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqoqwa kukadoti, ukuthuthwa, ukuphatha izinto ezikhethekile eziyingozi, ukugaywa kabusha kwezinto ezisebenzisekayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuphathwa kukadoti sekubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu zemvelo nezomnotho. Kusukela kudala, lapho ukuphathwa kwemfucuza kusekelwe ekuthutheni endaweni eseceleni nokusebenzisa ukushiswa njengendlela yokucekela phansi, sidlule kunqubo yokugaywa kabusha.
Ukwengeza, kukhulise ukuqwashisa kwabantu ngokukhiqizwa kwemfucuza, okuthinta ukwakhiwa nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphehlwa kukadoti. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imithetho ehloselwe ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza, ungakhokhisa kanjani izikhwama zepulasitiki noma uhlela ukuvimba ukusetshenziswa kwamapulasitiki e-EU ngo-2021, ziye zashintsha ngokuyisisekelo ukuphathwa kukadoti.
Ngakho-ke, izinjongo zamanje zokulawulwa kwemfucuza yilezi:
- Nciphisa ukwakha kwakho ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Khulisa ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwezinto kule mfucuza ngokugaywa kabusha.
- Ukuqwashisa nokufundisa ngokuphathwa kukadoti.
- Nweba ububanzi bokuphathwa kwemfucuza okudidiyelwe ukuze ukwenze utholakale yonke indawo.
- Sebenzisa izindlela zokwelapha nezindlela zokulahla ezingabuyisa amandla futhi zikhiqize uphethiloli. Izibonelo ezimbili zokufeza lezi zinhloso iSweden neNorway, asebephenduke abathekelisi bemfucuza ukuze bakhiqize amandla.
- Khulisa ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwemfucuza emisebenzini yokwenza umquba kanye nokuvundisa.
- Thuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha bokulahla obunobungani bemvelo futhi obungenabungozi kunezindlela zendabuko ezifana nokushiswa.
Phakathi kwalezi zinhloso, okubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza futhi kunciphise lapho kwenzeka. Okulandelayo, sizothola lezo zinto ezisetshenziswa kabusha futhi zigaywe kabusha ngokwezinga elikhulu ukuze konge izinto, kukhiqize amandla kanye nomquba. Okokugcina, imfucuza engasasebenziswa kabusha izolahlwa ngendlela eyingozi kakhulu. Njengoba sesibonile, lezi zinhloso zihlobene nomqondo obalulekile womnotho oyindilinga namuhla.
Izigaba zokulawulwa kwemfucuza
Ukuphathwa kukadoti kuhamba ngezigaba ezahlukene:
- Qoqa endaweni yesizukulwane, njengekhaya lethu.
- Ukuthutha ukuya endaweni efanelekile yesigaba esilandelayo sokucubungula.
- Yenza okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka embonini elungele ukusetshenziswa futhi.
- Ukulahlwa kokugcina kwemfucuza engeke iphinde isetshenziswe nganoma iyiphi indlela.
Ngokwesiko, kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwelapha imfucuza, futhi lezi zindlela ezimbili azifaki isandla ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwezinto noma ukukhiqizwa kwamandla. imayelana:
- Ukulahlwa Ngamafuphi, udoti ugcinwa kude nezindawo zabantu. Ingozi yokungcolisa inhlabathi, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, noma imfucuza eyingozi engalashwa ingaba nomthelela omkhulu.
- Ukushiswa kukadoti: Indlela endala kakhulu yokulahla udoti, ukukhishwa kwawo okungcolisayo kukhishelwa emkhathini.
Njengamanje, sekusungulwe izindlela ezintsha zokulahla imfucuza:
- I-Pyrolysis: Ishiswa ethangini elivaliwe elingenawo umoya-mpilo. Lokhu kukhiqiza ukungcola okuncane kanye nokuvutha okuphumelelayo ngokwengeziwe mayelana nokukhiqiza amandla asebenzisekayo. Endabeni yemfucuza ethile yemvelo noma yemifino, ingasetshenziswa ukuthola uphethiloli.
- Ukucubungula kabusha kwebhayoloji: izinto eziphilayo, kuhlanganise nephepha, zingavundiswa futhi zisetshenziswe njengomquba wezolimo.
- Ukugaywa kabusha: sebenzisa izinto ezitholakala kalula (njenge-aluminium, ipulasitiki, noma iphepha) ukwenza i-aluminium entsha, ipulasitiki, noma iphepha.
- Ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile okukhipha udaka: Ngenxa yentuthuko esheshayo yedolobha, umthamo wendle ukhule kakhulu. Ngokwelashwa kwayo, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-sludge zingatholakala, ezingasetshenziswa njengomanyolo wezolimo.
Lezi ngezinye zezindlela ezintsha zokugcina zokulahla udoti. Iyaqhubeka inqubekelaphambili ekutholeni izindlela ezintsha zokuphinda kusetshenziswe imfucuza ngezinga eliphezulu, nakuba kusenendlela ende okufanele yenziwe.
Indlela yokuphatha udoti oyingozi
Lezi yizo okumenyezelwe ukuthi ziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele:
- Iziqhumane noma ezivuthayo.
- Ama-Carcinogens
- Imfucumfucu enemisebe.
- Inobuthi kubantu noma ku-ecosystem futhi iyingozi kakhulu empilweni.
Kulezi zimo, udoti uzogcinwa, ulebulwe, uthuthwe uyiswe endaweni efanele futhi ucutshungulwe. Zama ukuphinda usebenzise okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka, noma uyihlele ngendlela edala umonakalo omncane.
Kuzo zonke lezi zigaba, ochwepheshe kanye nonjiniyela bayayinakekela le nqubo, bezama ukuqeda usongo ngangokunokwenzeka, ukubuyisela lokho okungabuyiselwa futhi kuhanjiswe ngokucophelela.
Njengoba sesibonile, ukuphathwa kukadoti sekushintshe kakhulu muva nje. Enye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu imayelana nathi. Ukuqwashisa ngokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwezinto ngangokunokwenzeka kuyisihluthulelo sokulawulwa okuphumelelayo kwemfucuza okuvikela imvelo.
Ukubaluleka kokugaywa kabusha ekhaya
Ukugaywa kabusha kuyinqubo ehlose ukuguqula imfucuza ibe yimikhiqizo emisha noma izinto ezisetshenziswayo ngokulandelayo. Ngokusebenzisa lolu hlelo ngokugcwele, singagwema ukumosha izinto ezingase zibe usizo, singanciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha zokusetshenziswa futhi, kunjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amasha. Ukwengeza, sinciphise ukungcoliswa komoya namanzi (ngokushiswa nokulahlwa kwemfucumfucu, ngokulandelana) futhi sehlise ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa.
Ukuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kunezinto eziningi ezingaphinde zisebenze ezinjengezinto ze-elekthronikhi, ukhuni, izindwangu nezindwangu, izinsimbi eziyinsimbi nezingenayo, nezinto zokwakha ezithandwa kakhulu njengephepha namakhadibhodi, ingilazi, namapulasitiki athile.
Kubantu abasha nabanolwazi olunzulu, kodwa abasenemibuzo ethile, ngokuvamile kuba nemikhankaso eminingana noma izinhlelo zemfundo yezemvelo mayelana nokulahlwa nokusetshenziswa kabusha (minyaka yonke) ukuqwashisa nokufundisa abantu ngemithelela yemvelo. Ukukhiqizwa kodoti kanye nezinyathelo zokuvikela imvelo ukuze kuncishiswe imfucuza.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuphathwa kwemfucuza kanye nezici zayo.