Uma sikhuluma ngokungcoliswa kweplanethi yethu siyazi ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemithombo yokungcola kwemvelo. Namuhla sizogxila kwi ukungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali. Kukhona nalabo abakhuluma ngomqondo wobungozi bamakhemikhali. Ukungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali kwaba ngomunye wemiphumela yezinkinga zemvelo zomhlaba ezahlasela, ngaphezu kwakho konke, amazwe athuthukile.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngezici, izimbangela, imiphumela kanye nezixazululo ezingaba khona zokungcola kwamakhemikhali.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ukungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali akulutho ngaphandle kwekhono lezinto ezithile nezinto ezithile, ezivela ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni, ukuze likwazi ukufaka ezinye izinhlanganisela, izicubu zezinto eziphilayo kanye nemvelo futhi kudale izinguquko kuzo. Lezi zinguquko zivame ukungaqagelwa futhi zibe nobuthi noma zibulale. Lezi zinguquko zivela ekusebenzeni okungalawulwa kwamakhemikhali okwenzeka lapho lezi zinto zifakwa ezinhlelweni zemvelo.
Ungakusho lokho cishe zonke izinhlobo zokungcola ezikhona zinesisekelo samakhemikhali. Ngamanye amagama, konke ukungcoliswa kungukungeniswa kwento eyingozi endaweni abavela kuyo. Inkinga yokungcola akuyona umphumela uqobo, kodwa futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukukhipha lezi zinto endaweni yazo. Endabeni yokungcola kwamakhemikhali kuphela, singahlukanisa maqondana nokunye ukungcola ngokuthi izakhi zalo zivela ngqo embonini yamakhemikhali. Zonke lezi zinto zakha izinto ezinobuthi nezinobungozi kubantu nakwezinye izidalwa eziphilayo.
Umthombo oyinhloko wokungcola kwamakhemikhali uvela embonini yamakhemikhali. Ngendlela engokwemvelo inganikezwa ngomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, imvelo yasemhlabeni ihlupheke ukwethulwa kwezakhi ezahlukahlukene eziyingozi zamakhemikhali ngenxa yomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuyingxenye yomjikelezo womhlaba. Eziningi zalezi zinto zizele ukwenza umoya womhlaba ube nomoya njengoba sazi namuhla.
Esingeke sikwazi ukukuvumela yizinga lapho ukungcola kwamakhemikhali kuthinta impilo yabantu nesimo sezulu seplanethi. Ngokuphazima nje komlando weplanethi, okuyilokho abantu abayikho emhlabeni, kuguqule ukulinganiswa kwemvelo ngendlela yokuthi ibe yinto enkulu.
Izimbangela zokungcola kwamakhemikhali
Izimbangela eziningi zokungcola kwamakhemikhali zingabantu. Kunezindawo eziningi zokulahla izinto zamakhemikhali ezinobuthi ezikhiqizwa ezimbonini zamakhemikhali. Inkinga ukuthi imvamisa yale micimbi yokuchitheka iyashesha ukwedlula imvelo inesikhathi sokululama. FUTHIYilokhu okwenza umonakalo omkhulu emvelweni.
Izinto ezithelwa ngabantu emoyeni, emanzini nasemhlabathini ziningi kakhulu futhi kunzima ukuziqeda. Lokhu kuyenza ibe yingozi esikhathini esimaphakathi neside. Isibonelo, izimboni zikhiqiza ukukhishwa okukhulu kwendle noma amagesi nezinto ezinobuthi emifuleni nasemoyeni. Izilwandle nazo azingcolisiwe hhayi kuphela ezimbonini ezinkulu kodwa nakudoti wepulasitiki. Ukuphela kwezimoto nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo engalahlwanga yikhona okuvame kakhulu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.
Imiphumela yokungcola kwamakhemikhali
Kumele sikhumbule ukuthi zonke lezi zimbangela ziveza eminye imiphumela emibi empilweni yabantu nasendalweni yemvelo. Umphumela owaziwayo yimvula ene-asidi. Eminye imiphumela emibi ukungcoliswa ngamakhemikhali okungaba nayo yile elandelayo:
- Izinga eliphakeme lobuthi: ubuthi kubantu nasemvelweni kungadala ukufa kwezinhlobo ezinkulu ezingeni elincane kakhulu. Lokhu kubangela ukungalingani ebhalansi yochungechunge lokudla lwe-ecosystem enikeziwe, kubangele ukwehlukahlukana kwemvelo.
- Izifo ezingalapheki: umdlavuza, ukwehluleka ukuphefumula, ukulimala kwesikhumba, njll. ziyimiphumela esheshayo neyesikhathi eside yokungcola kwamakhemikhali kubantu kanye nasezilwaneni nasezitshalweni.
- Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okungalindelekile: Lokhu kusabela kwamakhemikhali esikubize ekuqaleni kwendatshana yilokho okwenzeka lapho kwethulwa izinto ezahlukahlukene zamakhemikhali kumjikelezo wesimo sezulu nawesimo sezulu. Lezi zinto yizo ezidala ukusabela okungalindelekile okudala izehlakalo ezimbi zezulu ezifana nemvula ene-asidi.
- Ukuqoqwa kwamakhemikhali: Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, enye yezinkinga ezinkulu zokungcola kwamakhemikhali ubunzima bokukhipha lezi zinto zamakhemikhali endaweni entsha. Ngakho-ke, ukungcola okuthile kunamandla okugcinwa emzimbeni wezinto eziphilayo futhi ukuzihambela ngokwakho kwaveza esinye njengoba esinye isilwane sidla esinye. Yile ndlela ekugcineni ukudla kwethu okufika ngayo kuzongena emzimbeni wethu futhi kusibangele izifo.
Ungayivimba kanjani futhi uyilungise
Ngokusobala, kufanele senze okuthile ngokungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali. Kunezinyathelo eziningana eziqinile ezingxenyeni zemiphakathi ezizokwazi ukunciphisa inani lezinto eziyingozi ezilahlwa emvelweni ngokuqhubekayo. Ngoba, ngawodwana, asikwazi ukwenza okuningi kakhulu, kudingeka izilawuli eziqinile zikahulumeni ezimbonini zamakhemikhali, zepetrochemical nezensimbi. Zonke lezi zimboni yizo okumele zibe nokuphathwa okungcono kwamanzi angcolile, imfucumfucu nemfucuza okukhishelwa emvelweni yethu.
Enye indlela yokwehlisa ukungcola kwamakhemikhali ukukhuthaza ukujeziswa okuyisibonelo kubo bonke labo abenza ukulimala kwemvelo ngokusetshenziswa budedengu kwalezi zinto. Ukuvimbela ukumaketha kwemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali equkethe izinto eziyingozi kungasiza ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa okunjalo. Ukuthengiswa nokusetshenziswa kwezindlela eziluhlaza nezinempilo noma amasu okusebenzisa kabusha kufanele kukhuthazwe ukuze imikhiqizo ingagcini ilimaza imvelo.
Enye indlela okufanele ibhekwe ukwenqatshelwa kokulawulwa ngempumelelo kobuthi emkhakheni wezolimo. Masingakhohlwa ukuthi izitshalo zigcina ziyingxenye yokudla kwabantu abaningi.
Izinhlelo Zokusebenzisa Kabusha Izinto Eziyingozi kufanele zibe yithuluzi elihle lokuphathwa kwemfucuza eqinile yasemadolobheni. Ngamanye amagama, ezingeni lokukhiqizwa kwemfucuza yamakhemikhali ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni, amabhethri, iziqukathi ze-aerosol ezingenalutho, imithi, njll. Kufanele ziphathwe. Abantu abangenalwazi yisona sikhali esibi kakhulu. Ukwenza lokhu, imikhankaso eyahlukahlukene yokuqwashisa kufanele yenziwe ukuze abantu baqonde ubungozi obudalwa ukungcoliswa ngamakhemikhali.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngokungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali.