I-Los ukungcola kwamakhemikhali kanye nezinhlanganisela zezinto eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo ziyimikhiqizo yezinqubo zokukhiqiza nemisebenzi yabantu, ngisho nangaphakathi ezindlini. Imikhiqizo yokuhlanza, ifenisha, nezinto zokwakha ngokuvamile ziyimithombo yokungcola kwamakhemikhali ezindaweni zasendlini. Ukudalwa kwalokhu kungcola kubangela umonakalo omkhulu endaweni ezungezile nempilo yabantu.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukukutshela mayelana nokungcola kwamakhemikhali okuyinhloko okukhona, yiziphi izici zabo kanye nokubaluleka kokulawula kwabo.
Yiziphi izinto ezingcolisa amakhemikhali
Izinto ezingcolisa amakhemikhali yizinto ezikhishelwa emoyeni ngemisebenzi yabantu efana nezimboni noma ezolimo. Angahlangana nokudla kanye nomoya esiwuphefumulayo futhi ayingozi empilweni.
Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali kunqunyelwe enqubweni yokukhiqiza. Izinhlanganisela ezithile zisayingozi uma zisetshenziswa noma zifakwa ezindlini zethu. Ngokocwaningo olwenziwe yi-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), amazinga amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene aphilayo ngaphakathi endlini aphakeme izikhathi ezi-2-5 kunangaphandle. Isibonelo, amaleveli angaphakathi angaphakama izikhathi ezingu-1000 kunangaphandle ngesikhathi semisebenzi ethile, efana nokukhipha upende ezindaweni ezingaphezulu, kanye namahora ngemva kwalokho.
Okunye okuwuketshezi noma okuqinile, njenge izinto zokwakha, okhaphethi noma ifenisha, zikhiqiza ukungcola kwamakhemikhali ngendlela yamagesi. Lawa makhemikhali avame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds). Ngisho nopharafini kweminye imikhiqizo yokuhlanza yasendlini namakhandlela ungakhiqiza ukungcola kwamakhemikhali. Ngokwe-EPA, kunezinkulungwane zemikhiqizo ekhipha ukungcola okungaba yingozi empilweni uma ingenisiwe, ihogela, noma imuncwa esikhumbeni.
Isimo esaziwa ngokuthi "i-sick building syndrome" singaba umphumela wekhwalithi yomoya ephansi ngenxa yokuba khona kwezinhlanganisela eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo. Ukwakhiwa okusha, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwekhaya noma ihhovisi noma ukuklanywa kabusha kungakhuphula amazinga okungcola kwamakhemikhali emvelo kusuka ezintweni zokwakha, amapende, imikhiqizo yokuhlanza, nefenisha.
Imithombo engaba khona yama-VOC:
- Ukuhlanza Imikhiqizo kanye Nezibulala-magciwane
- Amapende nezinye izincibilikisi
- izinto zokwakha
- ifenisha
- Amakha Namakha
- Futha
- Isibulala-zinambuzane
- Ukuhlanza Imikhiqizo kanye Nezibulala-magciwane
Ukungcola kwamakhemikhali e-organic kanye ne-inorganic
- Izinhlanganisela ze-Organic: Ziyimfucuza yabantu neyezilwane, evela ezilaheni noma ezilaheni, evela ekucutshungulweni kokudla kwabantu nezilwane, imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali ezimboni enemvelaphi ehlukahlukene yemvelo efana namafutha, amafutha, itiyela nodayi, kanye nemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yamakhemikhali okwenziwa, njengopende, imithi yokubulala ukhula. , izibulala-zinambuzane.
- Izinhlanganisela ze-Inorganic: Kuyimikhiqizo ehlukahlukene encibilikisiwe noma ehlakazwe emanzini ephuma ezikhiqizweni zasekhaya, zezolimo nezimboni noma ekugugulekeni kwenhlabathi. Eziyinhloko yilezi: ama-chloride, ama-sulfate, ama-nitrate, ama-carbonates, imfucumfucu ye-asidi, amagesi anobuthi ane-alkaline ancibilika emanzini njengama-sulfur oxides, ama-nitrogen oxides, ammonia, chlorine ne-hydrogen sulfide (hydrogen sulfide).
Izinto ezingcolisa amakhemikhali zingaba izinhlobo ezimbili, igesi noma i-aerosol:
- Igesi: Izinto ezingcolisa igesi zibhekisela ekungcoleni kwegesi okukhona ezintweni eziwuketshezi ngendlela yegesi noma umhwamuko ezingeni lokushisa elivamile nokucindezela. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zezinto ezingcolisa umoya yikhono lazo lokuhlangana nomoya. Bangakwazi ukushintsha isimo sabo somzimba ngenhlanganisela yokucindezela kanye nezinga lokushisa. Zonke lezi zinhlanganisela zingabangela umonakalo omkhulu ngokuhogela (imigudu yomoya), ukumuncwa (ukuthintwa isikhumba), noma ukumunca (ukudla noma ukuphuza).
- I-Aerosoles: Angaqukatha izinhlayiya eziqinile noma eziwuketshezi. Ama-aerosols awahlangani ngokuphelele nomoya, kodwa ahlala ekumisweni, okungukuthi, anomkhuba wokuhlanganisa futhi amunce umswakama. Zihlukaniswa njengothuli, intuthu, inkungu.
- Uthuli: Ekuhlanzekeni kwezimboni, inkinga yothuli ingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ngoba uthuli oluningi lunemiphumela emibi empilweni yabasebenzi, ukwanda kokushona kwesifo sofuba kanye nezifo zokuphefumula. Kuwukungcola okungadala isifo esaziwa kakhulu nge-pneumoconiosis. Ahlukaniswe abe izigaba ezine: izinhlayiya ezinobuthi, uthuli olungezwani nomzimba, uthuli olungenayo kanye nezintuli ezinemicu.
- Intuthu: Iqukethe izinhlayiya eziqinile ezakhiwe yi-condensation, ngokuvamile ama-oxide ensimbi akhiwa ukushisisa izinsimbi kuya kumazinga okushisa aphezulu noma ngensimbi encibilikisiwe. Intuthu ingase yakheke ngokushintshashintsha kwezinto eziphilayo eziqinile noma ngokusabela kwamakhemikhali.
- Amazolo: Yakhiwe yizinhlayiya eziwuketshezi, ezikhiqizwa ukubola kwe-liquid, njenge-atomization.
Izimbangela nemiphumela yokungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali
Izimbangela zokungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali zimi kanje:
- Izibulala-zinambuzane kwezolimo nemfuyo (njengama-antibiotics noma amahomoni, emvelo nawokwenziwa)
- ama-dioxin (ikhishelwa endaweni lapho kushiswa izinto ezine-chlorine, ingasaphathwa eyokungcola kwamakhemikhali emvelo njengobuthi obuthile obukhiqizwa isikhunta)
- ukungcola okuphuma ezimotweni (njenge-carbon dioxide, i-nitrogen oxides, i-carbon monoxide, njll.)
- Udoti (Ezasekhaya nezimboni)
Amagesi angcolisayo alokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukushintsha kwendawo ezungezile kubangela izingozi ezinkulu emphakathini nakuwo wonke amasistimu emvelo. Eminye yemiphumela yokungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali yile:
- Izifo zokuphefumula nezesikhumba Akuthinti abantu kuphela kodwa nezilwane.
- Ukufa kwabantu abaningi ngenxa yokwanda kwamazinga anobuthi
- Ukubonakala kwemvula ene-asidi kuwumkhiqizo wokungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali. Kubangelwa ukukhishwa kwe-sulphur dioxide nama-nitrogen oxides ahlangana nama-molecule amanzi ukuze akhe amanye ama-asidi ayingozi kakhulu.
Mayelana nomphumela wokugcina wokungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali, kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuthi ukuvela kwemvula ene-asidi kungase kube ngenxa yezimbangela ezingokwemvelo, njengama-nitrogen oxides aphuma umbani, ukubola kwezitshalo noma i-sulphur dioxide ekhishwa ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi esiningi kungenxa yemisebenzi yabantu, ikakhulukazi ukushiswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi, ngakho-ke izincomo zokuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali kufanele zicatshangelwe futhi zisetshenziswe.
Ungakuvimbela kanjani
Ukungcola kwamakhemikhali kungabangela umonakalo kusukela ekuchayekeni ngokushesha, kwesikhashana, noma kwesikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela kubalulekile ukugwema noma ukunciphisa umthelela omubi wokungcola endaweni noma endaweni ethintekile.
Ukusiza ukunciphisa lolu hlobo lokungcoliswa kwemvelo, izinyathelo esingazithatha yilezi:
- Yazisa futhi uqeqeshe abantu okungenzeka bachayeke kulokhu kungcola.
- Nikeza okokusebenza nokuvikelwa kulabo abavame ukuchayeka ezintweni ezinjalo, njengabasebenzi embonini yamakhemikhali.
- Ukulinganisa nokulawulwa kwezinto ezingcolisa imvelo
- I-Design Action Protocols Ezimweni Zokuxwayisa
Kukholwe noma ungakukholwa emisebenzini yakho yansuku zonke uthola ukungcola okuhlukahlukene. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kufanele sikugweme ukwanda kwayo futhi sixwayise nganoma yiziphi izimpawu esingase siqale ukuba nazo futhi ezingase zithinte impilo yethu.
Ukungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali kungenye yezinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu zokungcola, ngakho ukwazi nokuqonda ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani esimweni esiphuthumayo kubalulekile ukuze kugwenywe imiphumela emikhulu esikhathini esifushane noma eside. Imiphumela yokungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali ayithinti nje imvelo kuphela, kodwa nabantu nezilwane.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokungcola kwamakhemikhali nemiphumela yako.