Ku-biology kunenqubo yokufa kwamangqamuzana kanye neyezizukulwane. I- ukuhlolwa kwe-autolysis kuyinqubo lapho amangqamuzana agaywa khona nge-enzymatic isenzo sama-enzyme awo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izindlela ezisebenza ukuhola iseli uqobo lwazo ekufeni zidalwa kuseli. Kuyinqubo edingekayo yempilo futhi ibaluleke kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, kule ndatshana sizokutshela zonke izici, izimbangela nokubaluleka kwe-autolysis.
Yini i-autolysis
Kuyinqubo lapho isenzo sezinqubo ezahlukahlukene ezenza ukuthi iseli uqobo lifa liqala ukwenzeka esitokisini. Lapho ukufa kweseli kwenzeka, kwaziwa ngokuthi yi-lysis. Kuyinqubo yokuzilimaza enokuthula futhi kuye kwabonwa ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuthuthuka kwamagciwane nesikhunta. Kwabaningi balaba bososayensi amanye amaphethini asungulelwa ukuhlolwa kwe-autolysis ukuze asebenze ngandlela thile. Okungukuthi, Kumiswa kuhlala i-autolysis ifana kakhulu namaseli asevele efa, elimele noma elimele. Kungashiwo ukuthi le nqubo yokuzilimaza yenzeka kumaseli angasebenzi ngendlela ejwayelekile.
Le nqubo yenzeka futhi ezicutshini ezahlukahlukene zezilwane nezitshalo, yize kulezi zici kubizwa ngokuthi ukubola komzimba. Kuyinqubo engeyona eyamagciwane eyenzeka ngemuva kokushona kweseli. Inqubo yokuzibulala yaqanjwa ngusosayensi uSalkowski ngo-1890. Kulapha lapho kwenzeka khona inqubo ye-enzymatic eyenzeka engqamuzaneni kanye nezici zokuzigaya. Namuhla sekuvele kwaziwa ukuthi ama-enzyme abhekele le nqubo akuyona imikhiqizo ephuma ku-lysis, kepha kunalokho ngama-oki ngokwawo abamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zeselula.
Njengoba kunikezwe ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa kwesimo somzimba ezimbonini, Yonke le nqubo ibuyekezwe ngokujula okukhulu. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ilusizo kakhulu kwimvubelo, ikakhulukazi leyo esetshenziswa ngesikhathi senqubo yokuvutshelwa kuziphuzo ezidakayo. Ibuye isetshenziswe kaningi ezindaweni zokubhaka. Izithako zemvubelo ze-Autolytic yilezo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukudala imithombo yezindaba yesiko edingekayo. Futhi ukuthi lezi zitholakala zimele umthombo omuhle wama-amino acid nezinye izinto zokudla okunomsoco kwimidiya yesiko.
Izimbangela ze-autolysis
Sizohlaziya ukuthi yiziphi izimbangela ezinkulu zokuthi kungani le nqubo yenzeka. Izici ezahlukahlukene zivame ukwenzeka ekuphenduleni. Uma sihlaziya izinto ezingama-unicellular, kulokhu ama-microorganisms, siyabona ukuthi isimo se-autolysis siphendula ezimeni eziningi zemvelo. Phakathi kwalezi zimo zezemvelo sikhona ukugxila komoya-mpilo, ukwakheka kwendawo yamasiko, inani lezakhi ezikhona, ubukhona bezinto ezinobuthi, njll.
Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa kwewayini noma ubhiya, ukuhlolwa kwesilonda kufanele kubhekwe. Kulokhu, zenzeka ekuphenduleni ukwehla kwezakhi zokondla zoketshezi olubilayo. Iphinde iphendule kolunye ushintsho ezimweni zemvelo, njengokunyuka kokuhlungwa kwe-ethanol, okungenye yemikhiqizo evela ekuguqulweni komzimba kwayo.
Kubantu futhi kwenzeke ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kunezinqubo ezithile ze-autolytic. Lezi zinqubo zingenziwa zisebenze ngokungenelela okuhlukahlukene kokuhlinza noma ezinye izinqubo zokwelashwa ezinwetshiwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezilwane eziningi lapho ukuhlolwa kwe-autolysis kwenzeka ezindaweni lapho sekuvele kunamanxeba noma ukusikeka futhi kufeza umsebenzi wokuqeda lesi sicubu. Ubuhle be-autolysis ukuthi banesibopho sokususa isicubu esivele sesonakele. Ngale ndlela, kungenzeka ukumiselela ngenye.
Kwezinye izicubu zezitshalo, i-autolysis isebenza ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhula nentuthuko. Iphinde ingenele ekuthuthweni kwamanzi namagesi ngokusebenzisa amapayipi e-xylem. Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokonakala kwamaprotoplast atholakala kulwelwesi nakwi-cytosol yama-tracheids. Kwenzeka ngokuphendula izinto ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhula kwesitshalo uqobo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezinhlobo ezithile zesikhunta se-filamentous esingabuye sibe ne-autolysis yamaseli abo. Isibonelo, inqubo ye-autolysis ingenziwa isebenze ukuphendula ama-antibiotic ahlukahlukene noma izinto ezinobuthi ezisetshenziselwa imvelo ezungezile. Ngale ndlela, izimo zemvelo ziyashintsha futhi izindlela eziholela ekuvivinyweni kwe-autolysis ziqala ukudubula.
Izigaba
Sizohlaziya ukuthi yiziphi izigaba ezahlukahlukene zenqubo ye-autolytic. Inqubo esizoyichaza yileyo eyenzeka kwimvubelo. Kodwa-ke, singakukhipha konke lokhu kunoma iyiphi i-microorganism noma kunoma yiliphi iqembu lamaseli atholakala ezicutshini zezitshalo nezilwane.
Isigaba sokufa kweseli
Yonke inqubo ye-autolytic kuqala ngokufa kweseli. Lo mkhuba uhlobene nokushintshwa kwezinhlelo zezingqamuzana zeseli, ikakhulukazi lapho sikhuluma ngezinto eziphilayo ze-eukaryotic. Le nqubo ivumela ama-enzyme akho okugaya ukuthi ahlangane nezakhi ezizokwehliswa ngesikhathi senqubo ye-autolytic. La ma-enzyme abamba iqhaza anesibopho sokwehlisa ama-substrates awo abe izingcezu ezincane. Ngokuya ngohlobo oluphezulu kunomsebenzi owodwa noma omunye. Kunezimo zezulu ezibhekele ukwehlisa isithunzi kwamaprotheni, okwehlisa isithunzi ama-nucleic acid nokuwahlukanisa noma ukukhulula ama-nucleosides, ama-mononucleotide nama-polynucleotides.
Isigaba sokucekelwa phansi
Ingxenye yesibili yenqubo ye-autolytic yenzeka ku- ukonakala kwezakhi zamaselula ngama-enzyme. Amaprotheni nama-peptidase asebenza ikakhulukazi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi sinokuwohloka kodonga lweseli oluvumela ukucwiywa kwangempela noma ukuqhekeka kweseli.
Imiphumela yenqubo ye-autolytic isobala ngokuphelele, ngoba iseli liyafa futhi linyamalale. Lapho inyamalala, ishiya zonke ezinye izinqubo ezihlukaniswe nama-molecule ayo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-autolysis nezici zayo.