Imiphumela yokugawulwa kwamahlathi

Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi kungumphumela oqondile wemisebenzi yabantu okucekela phansi amahlathi kanye namahlathi oMhlaba ngendlela enkulu. Umonakalo odalwa yilokhu mkhulu kakhulu ezingeni lendawo, lesifunda kanye neplanethi.

Namuhla, amahlathi namahlathi omhlaba, zisemboza ama-30% womhlaba wonke, Kodwa-ke, kunemichilo elingana nePanama elahlekelwa yizigidi zamahektha unyaka nonyaka. Ziyini izimbangela nemiphumela yalokhu kugawulwa kwamahlathi?

Ukuqedwa kwamahlathi namahlathi emhlabeni jikelele

Umuntu emisebenzini yabo yezomnotho, ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala, emisebenzini yezimboni nezolimo, njll. Udinga ukuthatha indawo. Unyaka nonyaka, Kusikwe izigidi zamahektha ukuze kuguqulwe ukusetshenziswa komhlaba futhi kukhishwe izinkuni zezicelo eziningi. Yingakho amahlathi ashisayo namahlathi emvula enganyamalala ngokuphelele phakathi neminyaka eyikhulu uma isilinganiso samanje sokugawulwa kwamahlathi siqhubeka.

Ngaphandle kokuthola iphepha, izizathu zokusika izihlahla ziningi. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi eziningi zalezi zizathu zihlobene nokuzuza ngokwezimali noma isidingo sabalimi ukuze bakwazi ukondla imindeni yabo. Ukugawulwa kwehlathi ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi wezolimo kuyinto esenzelwe cishe wonke umlando, selokhu kwatholakala ezolimo nemfuyo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunemisebenzi yokugawula ngokuhweba. Lokhu kunikela ngemikhiqizo yamaphepha nokhuni emakethe yomhlaba futhi Inesibopho sokugawula amahlathi amaningi unyaka nonyaka. Kikho konke lokhu kwengezwa isenzo somshoshaphansi sabagawuli bemithi abaningi abakha imigwaqo yokufinyelela emahlathini aqhelelene ngokwengeziwe. Le misebenzi inomthelela omkhulu ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni zomhlaba wonke.

Izinsizakalo ezinikezwa ngamahlathi namahlathi

Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kwenzeka ngenxa yokuxhashazwa kwezinkuni nensimu. Lapho siqeda ihlathi futhi lowo mhlaba usetshenziselwa ukufudukela emadolobheni noma umsebenzi wezolimo, amandla obuso bomhlaba akwazi ukulawula isimo sezulu sawo kanye nokwakheka kwawo kwamakhemikhali kuyehla. Njengoba sazi kahle, izihlahla zikhiqiza umoya-mpilo esiwuphefumulayo futhi zinesibopho sokumunca i-CO2 esiyikhiphayo.

Namuhla ososayensi abakhathazeke kakhulu ngokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu baphenya zonke izinhlobo zezindlela zokumunca i-CO2, lapho okungokwemvelo kakhulu nokusebenza kahle yilokhu: ihlathi elikhulu noma ihlathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho sizosiza ukongiwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ngoba izinhlobo zezilwane zidinga izindawo lapho zingathuthuka khona futhi ziphile kahle. Uma sigawula amahlathi sizokwazi ukuhlukanisa izindawo zawo zokuhlala futhi siphule ukulingana kwemvelo.

Futhi kunokwengeziwe: amahlathi enza ezinye izinsizakalo ezibalulekile. Baqoqa futhi bahlunge amanzi ethu ahlanzekile, ngaleyo ndlela bagcine umjikelezo jikelele we-hydrological weplanethi kanye nokulinganisa izikhukhula noma isomiso. Zigcina impilo yenhlabathi ngoba zisekela ungqimba oluvundile olungaphezulu, olunezakhamzimba ezinendawo. Sikucabanga kanjani ukubhubhisa ababambisene abangangabazeki?

Ubudlelwano bamahlathi namaphethini emvula

Omunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yezihlahla yikhono lazo lokuhwamuka amanzi amaningi ngamaqabunga awo. Le nqubo iqala lapho amanzi, ngenxa yokushisa kwelanga, ehwamuka (esuka ketshezi aye esimweni segesi) futhi angene emkhathini njengomhwamuko wamanzi. Njengoba ikhuphuka futhi lapho izinga lokushisa lincipha, umhwamuko wamanzi uyajiya (uphenduka amaconsi amancane) akhe amafu. Amanzi agcinwa emafwini ekugcineni awela njengemvula emazwekazini, ngaleyo ndlela evumela ukukhula kwezihlahla nezimpande zazo, kanye nokunye okokuphila.

Lapho amaqabunga ezihlahla ewa futhi ebola phansi, asebenza njengezakhi zamagciwane asenhlabathini, ngaleyo ndlela avale umjikelezo wento. Lokhu kusho ukuthi njengoba izihlahla zisuswa emhlabeni, umbuso wemvula nawo uzokwehla ngoba ubudlelwane bawo buhlobene kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwemvula umhlaba uzoqala ukufa, ukhiqize ukuguguleka okuqinile futhi indawo yehlathi ekugcineni izophenduka indawo eyihlane, ingasaphathwa eyabantu kanye nokuncika kwabo okukhulu emanzini okuphuza cishe yonke into.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Izihlahla zingcono kunalokho obekucatshangwa ngaphambili ekwakheni amafu nokupholisa isimo sezulu, ngokusho kososayensi beCERN

Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokuqothulwa kwamahlathi

Siziqambile izimbangela ezinkulu zokuqedwa kwamahlathi phambilini, kepha sizongena ngemininingwane. Siqala ngoshintsho ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba namanzi emisebenzini yezolimo nemfuyo. Ipulazi lithanda ukuhweba futhi lihlinzeka ngokudla kwemindeni futhi, ngokujwayelekile, kubantu bonke. Ezolimo nemfuyo ayizisekelo zokuhlala kanye nokuchuma komphakathi. Kodwa-ke, insimu esetshenziselwa ezolimo isusa amahlathi futhi nayo, nazo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane ezihlobene. Kunjengokungathi i-tsunami noma isiphepho sibhubhise idolobha lethu, besizokwenzenjani? Ezilwaneni, ezitshalweni, kubhaktheriya nakwezinye izinto ezisemvelweni ezifana nehlathi lemvula, ukuzinqamula zibhujiswe kunomphumela ofana nowesiphepho edolobheni.

Enye imbangela eyinhloko yokuqedwa kwamahlathi imililo engalawulwa. Iningi lemililo eyenzeka emhlabeni wonke yenziwe ngamabomu ngabantu. Kungaba ngabashisi bomlilo noma ngezintshisekelo zomnotho njengokukwazi ukwakha ukufuduka komhlaba kanye nenzuzo. Sinezifo nezinambuzane zasehlathini ezibhubhisa ingxenye enkulu yezimila nezilwane zale ndawo, okwenza ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinhlobo bube bumpofu futhi kubangele ukuthi imvelo ife.

Okwamanje, ukugawulwa okukhulu kwamahlathi namahlathi kuyingozi enkulu. Uma ngokwezibalo sihlaziya amazinga okugawulwa kwamahlathi ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ezibalulekile zemvelo (phakathi kwawo kukhona amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo anomswakama, amahlathi ashisayo omile, amahlathi angenalutho, amahlathi asezintabeni), kungaphetha ngokuthi, eminyakeni yamuva nje, le nqubo ibe yimpumelelo enkulu. ezindaweni ezomile nezomile, ikakhulukazi ezintabeni. Njalo ngonyaka silahlekelwa amahektha ayizigidi eziyi-13 ehlathi lomdabu emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo e-Asia, e-Afrika naseMelika.

Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi e-Amazon

Njengoba sonke sazi, ihlathi lemvula lase-Amazon likhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Laziwa njengephaphu leplanethi yethu futhi lihlanganisa okuningi noma okuncane Ama-40% wendawo yonke yaseNingizimu Melika. Kuwo wonke umjikelezo wekhabhoni owenzeka emhlabeni wethu futhi ubalulekile ekusindeni kokuphila njengoba sazi, amaphesenti amakhulu avela e-Amazon. Kungakho yaziwa njengephaphu.

Siphinde sengeze kulokho okukukho umfula wesibili omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni, uMfula i-Amazon, onamakhilomitha angaba ngu-6.400 XNUMX. Kuwo wonke umcengezi wawo abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-30 bahlala emazweni anjengeBrazil, iBolivia, iPeru noma i-Ecuador.

Izimila zaseTropical emhlabeni wonke zibamba cishe amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-200.000 zekhabhoni ngonyaka. Kubo,  Izigidi ezingama-70.000 zicutshungulwa yizihlahla zase-Amazonia. Ngakho-ke, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu, inani elikhulu lekhabhoni liguqulwa libe yi-carbon dioxide, ngenxa yalokho, umthamo omncane wokumunca izihlahla, ngoba kunezihlahla ezimbalwa, ngakho-ke kune-carbon dioxide eningi emkhathini.

Izimbangela zokuqedwa kwamahlathi e-Amazon ziyefana nezomhlaba wonke. Izidingo ezikhulayo zensimu lapho ungahlwanyela futhi usebenze kwezolimo ukukhiqiza nokondla imindeni. Ngokugawulwa okukhulu kwezihlahla ukuthola isikhala sokutshala, i-CO2 ephelele yomhlaba iyakhula, ngoba azikho izihlahla eziyimunca nge-photosynthesis.

Ukuqedwa kwamahlathi eSpain?

Kunenkolelo ejwayelekile mayelana nokugawulwa kwamahlathi eSpain. Noma kunjalo, ISpain iluhlaza manje kuneminyaka eyikhulu edlule. Ngokuya ngemininingwane eqoqwe ososayensi, umhlaba onikezelwe ezindaweni zabantu nasemadolobheni usafana nowasekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka, ngoba indlela yokwakha ejwayelekile kunazo zonke yileyomodeli ohlangene. Futhi umhlaba obekelwe ukulima uhlala ufana noma ufana, noma kunjalo, umhlaba onikezelwe emahlathini ukhuphukile. Kepha hhayi eSpain kuphela, kepha kulo lonke elaseYurophu.

Umhlaba uphinde wanqotshwa ngu amahlathi eSpain akhule ngo-20% eminyakeni eyi-110 edlule. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iYurophu yaqala ukungenisa ingxenye enkulu yokudla kwayo, ukuze ukondla abantu bayo kungabe kusacindezela inhlabathi yayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezo zivuno ezazingasadingeki zaba izimfunda bese kuba ngamahlathi.

Yize okumele sikukhumbule ukuthi lokhu akuyona ngokwayo into enhle. Kumane nje kuwukushintsha nje kokusetshenziswa komhlaba. Lokhu akusho lutho ngokuthi amahlathi angokwemvelo noma anempilo kanjani. Kungaba namahlathi amakhulu anezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo noma angasebenziseki kahle kwezokungcebeleka.

Imiphumela yokugawulwa kwamahlathi

Imiphumela emikhulu yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi icace bha kubuka konke esikhulume ngakho. Okusithinta kakhulu ukuthi kwandisa umthelela wokushisa, ngoba azikho izihlahla eziningi kangako ezingamunca i-CO2 ekhishiwe futhi ngaleyo ndlela zinciphise inani lamagesi asemkhathini. Lokhu kunomthelela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu kanye nokwanda kokuvama nokuqina kwezimo zezulu ezeqile.

Sithola noshintsho ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezikhona ezindaweni ezinamahlathi amakhulu ziyathinteka ngokuqhekeka kwemvelo yazo kanye nezindawo ezihlala kuzo. Lokhu kubangela ukwehla kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo nokuqothulwa kwezinhlobo.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, imiphumela yokuqedwa kwamahlathi emhlabeni idala umonakalo omkhulu futhi kubalulekile ukuthi iplanethi ilondoloze amahlathi ethu.