Njengoba nje kunenqubo yokugawulwa kwamahlathi okulahleka ngayo inqwaba yamahlathi, nathi sinawo ukuhlaselwa kwamahlathi. Kuyinqubo yokutshala izihlahla ukuze kusungulwe indawo yokuhweba noma kuncishiswe umonakalo wemvelo odalwe ehlathini lemvelo. Ngokujwayelekile lokhu kugawulwa kwamahlathi kuhamba ngenqubo yokuvuselela nokubuyisela indawo yemvelo.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, izici zawo nokubaluleka kwawo.
Kuyini ukugawulwa kwamahlathi
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kusho ukutshala izihlahla ezindaweni ezazingenazihlahla noma ezazigawuliwe ekuqaleni. Esimweni sokugcina, imisebenzi yokutshala amahlathi ibizwa ngokuqondile ukutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi, okungukuthi, ukushintshwa kwamahlathi noma amahlathi alahlekileKungumsebenzi omkhulu futhi kuyadingeka ukuqonda isimo sezulu kanye nezimo zenhlabathi (umhlabathi) wendawo ezotshalwa amahlathi. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqonda izidingo zebhayoloji zezinhlobo ezizosetshenziselwa ukutshalwa kwamahlathi.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zokutshalwa kwamahlathi, inhloso eyinhloko yamasimu okuhweba umnotho, okulandelwa ukubuyiselwa nokubuyiselwa kwamahlathi. Ekubuyiseleni, inhloso eyinhloko ixubile (ukukhiqiza kanye nemvelo), ngenkathi kubuyiselwa, kuyimvelo kuphela. Igama elithi afforestation lisho isenzo sokudala ihlathi (ihlathi). Kunoma yikuphi, okwenziwe lula ngendlela elula, kuyisenzo sokudala noma ukushintsha amahlathi endaweni enikeziwe.
Kungaba indawo engakaze ibe nehlathi, noma indawo ebingenalo ihlathi kuze kube muva nje. Isici sokuqala okufanele sicatshangelwe inhloso enkulu ye ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, okungaba ezentengiselwano, ezixubile noma ezemvelo. Ngoba esimweni ngasinye, izindlela zokutshala amahlathi kanye nokuphathwa okulandelayo kwezindawo zamahlathi kuhlukile.
Izici okufanele zicatshangelwe
Icala elilula ukusungulwa kwamahlathi okuhweba ngoba ahlanganisa inani elincane lezinhlobo. Nakuba izimo zokubuyisela amahlathi emvelo kufanelekile ukuphatha izinhlobo eziningi neziguquguqukayo. Emasimini okuhweba, inhloso eyinhloko ukukhiqiza izinkuni nezinto eziphuma kuzo, kuyilapho ukubuyisela kubuyisela izici zemvelo namasevisi e-ecosystem. Ngakho-ke, lapho ihlathi eliyinhloko liyinkimbinkimbi, ukubuyisela kuyinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu.
Kunoma ikuphi, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi endaweni kufanele kuqala kucabangele isimo sezulu, izimo zenhlabathi, nokutholakala kwamanzi endaweni. Lezi zici kumele zihlobane nazo izidingo zebhayoloji zohlobo oluzofakwa ekutshalweni kwamahlathi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kungase kudingeke ukuba abantu banikeze izibonelelo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukufaka esikhundleni samanzi nezinye izici, ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi ngokulima, ukufaka umquba, nokuvimbela izinambuzane nezifo.
Ukwengeza, kuye ngohlobo lokutshalwa kwamahlathi, imisebenzi ethile yokulungisa kanye nokuphathwa okujwayelekile kwamasimu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye izici kufanele zicatshangelwe, njengezokuthutha, ukufinyeleleka kanye nezinye izinsizakalo, ikakhulukazi uma indawo ezogaywa kabusha inomsebenzi okhiqizayo.
Izindlela eziyinhloko zokutshala amahlathi
Izindlela zokutshala amahlathi zihlukene futhi ziyahlukahluka kuye ngezinhlobo ezithile zokugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nezidingo zezinhlobo ezizotshalwa. Nokho, ngokujwayelekile, kuyadingeka ukufunda isimo sezulu, inhlabathi kanye nezimo ze-hydrological zale ndawo. Bese ukhetha uhlobo lokutshalwa kwamahlathi.
Kamuva, kwakhiwa indawo yokunakekela izitshalo lapho izinhlobo ezikhethiwe zisakazwa khona. Uhlobo ngalunye lungadinga izimo ezithile zobuchwepheshe nezemvelo ukuze luqhume futhi luzinze enkulisa. Inkulisa kumele iqinisekise inani labantu abadingekayo ngeyunithi ngayinye yendawo yokutshala. Ngamanye amazwi, inani labantu ohlotsheni ngalunye liwubuningi bokutshala obuchaziwe.
Lokhu kuminyana kuncike ezicini zezinhlobo kanye nenjongo yokugawulwa kwamahlathi. Isibonelo, ekubuyiselweni kwemvelo, kubalulekile ukuvumela izihlahla ukuthi zikhule ngokwemvelo ngendlela yazo. Kwamanye amasimu okuhweba, Kungase kube nesithakazelo ukwandisa ubude ngokuqhubekayo futhi unciphise ububanzi be-trunk. Kulokhu, izihlahla zizotshalwa eduze.
Uma umgomo uwukubuyisela amahlathi angenalutho (ukubuyiselwa kwemvelo), cabangela amasu okuphatha njengefa. Zama ukulingisa inqubo yemvelo yokubuyiselwa kwehlathi ngokulandelana kwezitshalo. Ngale ndlela, qala ngokusungula izinhlobo zamaphayona ezingamelana nemisebe emikhulu yelanga futhi ubeke izisekelo zezinye izinhlobo ezidinga kakhulu. Bese usungula izinhlobo ezilandelayo ngokulandelana kwemvelo, njalo njalo, kuze kube yilapho kufinyelelwa ukulingana kwasekuqaleni.
Izinhlobo zokugawulwa kwamahlathi
Izinhlobo zokutshalwa kwamahlathi empeleni zihlukene kakhulu, ngoba uhlobo ngalunye noma inhlanganisela yezinhlobo zezilwane zinezidingo zayo. Nokho, ngokuvamile, kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu ezingase zicatshangelwe.
Ukutshala amahlathi ezohwebo
Kuyihlathi lehlathi elidala elikhiqiza ukhuni nokuphuma kokunye, ohlotsheni lwesihlahla esisodwa noma ngaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, nakuba amahlathi atshaliwe ahlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweyodwa, indawo ngayinye yehlathi noma yehlathi iwuhlobo olulodwa kuphela (uhlobo olulodwa kuphela).
Isibonelo esivamile sokugawulwa kwamahlathi okunjalo iHlathi lase-Uverito eMesa de Guanipa empumalanga yeVenezuela. Ekuqaleni kwakuyindwangu yehlathi yokwenziwa enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, enendawo etshaliwe engamahektha angu-600.000 ophayini waseCaribbean (Pinus caribaea).
Indawo ayakhayo iwugwadule olungenamahlathi ngaphambili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlobo ezisetshenzisiwe zaqalwa (akusona isici esivamile sendawo), ngakho-ke isitshalo sokwenziwa.
I-Agroforestry kanye ne-agroforestry systems
Olunye uhlobo lokutshalwa kwamahlathi oluphinde lusetshenziselwe izinjongo ezibalulekile zezomnotho i-agroforestry noma agroforestry kanye nezinhlelo zokufuywa kwezilwane. Esimweni sokuqala, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuhlanganiswa nemifino noma izitshalo zombila kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lalikhona ihlathi ngaphambili.
Kwezolimo, amahlathi nemfuyo, ukutshala izihlahla, izitshalo zonyaka noma amadlelo, kanye nokufuya kuyahambisana.
Amahlathi atshalwe ngezinhloso zemvelo nezokuzijabulisa
Kwezinye izimo, ukusungulwa kwamasimu akukona okokukhiqiza amahlathi, kodwa okwemvelo. Isibonelo sezinjongo zokungcebeleka yiCentral Park eNew York, okuyiyona Libukeka njengehlathi lemvelo kwezinye izindawo, kodwa lakhiwe ngamabomu.
Esinye isibonelo, kulokhu, ngezinhloso zokuvikela imvelo, i-Great Green Wall yaseChina. Lena iphrojekthi yokutshala amahlathi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ngenhloso yokufinyelela cishe amakhilomitha-skwele angu-2.250.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nezici zako.