Ngaphandle kwamahlathi, besingeke sibe nomoya ohlanzekile, amanzi ahlanzekile, noma ukudla okuningi esithembele kukho. Ngakho siyakubonga. Nokho, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuyanda, kubeka engcupheni ingcebo yemvelo yomhlaba kanye nesimiso sezinto eziphilayo nendawo yazo ezungezile amandla ayo okubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ancike kuwo. Kuyadingeka ukugcizelela ukubaluleka kwamahlathi ngeplanethi yethu.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukukutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokubaluleka kwamahlathi, izici zawo nokunye okuningi.
Umnikelo wamahlathi emhlabeni
Iplanethi iphelelwa umoya-mpilo, amahlathi ethu ayafa kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Kusukela ngo-2020, i-Australia kuye kwadingeka ibhekane nezinkulungwane zemililo ebangelwa amagagasi okushisa athintekile izilwane ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane futhi zacekela phansi amahektha angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-6 zamahlathi ase-Australia. Ngo-2019, ihlathi elikhulu kunazo zonke ezishisayo emhlabeni nalo laphenduka isihogo sangempela, esinamalangabi anobudlova abhubhisa izinkulungwane zamahektha e-Amazon, okuthi ngokusho kososayensi kungaba umthombo wezihlahla nezilwane ezishisayo e-Afrika, uma kubhekwa ubuthakathaka bemvelo. okuthiwa amahlathi omhlaba.
Lezi zinambuzane ziyanyamalala, ngaleyo ndlela zikhiphe amathani ekhabhoni afinyelela ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-140, okuzobangela ukwanda okumangalisayo kwezinga lokushisa embulungeni yonke. Ekuphetheni, ukuhlala kwethu eMhlabeni sekuzophela ngoba asikakuboni ukubaluleka kwamahlathi.
Amahlathi ayimvelo yezihlahla equkethe cishe u-70% wezinto eziphilayo ezinhlobonhlobo zeplanethi. Abahlaziyi bakholelwa ukuthi ekuqaleni komhlaba, iplanethi yethu yakhiwe izihlahla ezingaba ngu-80%, kodwa ukuba khona kwezinhlobo zabantu kuye kwabangela ukuba lezi zihlahla zinyamalale ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Amazinga aphezulu okugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukugawulwa kwemithi ngokungemthetho nokuba khona kwemisebenzi yokumbiwa kwezinto ngokungekho emthethweni kumane nje kungezinye zezinto ezibeka engozini amanye amahlathi aminyene kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi zibangele nokushabalala ngokuphelele kwamanye amahlathi.
Amahlathi asiza ukunciphisa imiphumela yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, ngakho-ke ngaphezu kokutshala isihlahla ngezikhathi ezithile, kuyaphuthuma ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuqwashisa ngamahlathi nokubaluleka kokulondolozwa kwawo.
ukubaluleka kwamahlathi
Ukubaluleka kwamahlathi kulele eqinisweni lokuthi:
- Ngiyabonga kubo, inqubo yokumunca isikhutha yenzeka, okuyingozi emzimbeni womuntu.
- Izihlahla zikhiqiza umoya-mpilo abantu abawudingayo ukuze bawuphefumule.
- Amahlathi ayisisekelo esiyisisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukulondeka kokudla.
- Yonke into iyiketango, futhi ukucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi kubeka engcupheni izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezilapho.
- Amahlathi nawo adlala indima ebalulekile ekusimamiseni nasekuvikeleni ezingozini zemvelo, avikele umhlabathi, vimbela ukudilika kwenhlabathi ngokuqinisa izimpande, usize ukuvimbela izikhukhula, ama-avalanche, ama-slipes angazinzile, ama-rock slide, njll. ezinye izenzakalo zemvelo eziningi.
- Balawula umjikelezo wamanzi. Zisebenza njengezipontshi ngakho-ke zivumela ukushajwa kabusha kwemithombo yamanzi, njengoba amahlathi ethuthukisa izinga lamanzi ngoba ukunciphisa i-sedimentation kanye nezinqubo ze-eutrophication.
- Zisiza ekunciphiseni ukungcoliswa komsindo.
- Izihlahla zisinika umthunzi, wona osiza ekugcineni umswakama.
- Amahlathi agcwele indawo, isimanga esingokwemvelo esiza ukuthuthukisa ezokuvakasha.
Amahlathi nawo afaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni komnotho wezwe, ukungenelela ezinqubweni eziningi ezifana nokukhiqizwa kwemfuyo, ukuzingela, ukukhiqizwa koju, izithelo, njll. Uma siyibeka ngezinombolo, sithola ukuthi a isihlahla esivamile esithengiswa ngokhuni sinenani lemali elingama-dollar angu-600, kodwa uma isihlahla esifanayo sigcinwa siphila, inzuzo yezemvelo ingaba amaRandi angu-200.000 XNUMX, ngoba ekubeni khona kwaso yonke inqubo yokukhiqizwa komoya-mpilo. , ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa komoya, ukugcina nokuqinisekisa ukuvunda komhlabathi, ukulawula ukuguguleka, ukujikeleza kwamanzi nokulawula umswakama, kuyikhaya lezilwane zasendle kanye nomthombo wamaprotheni asekela ukuphila okugeleza ngokwemvelo.
Izinsiza zemvelo kanye nezinsiza
Ngokuqondene nemithi kaphayini, abanye ababhali bayakuqinisekisa ukuthi cishe kunezinhlobo ezingu-50 zephayini, abanye bakhuphula inani libe ngaphezu kuka-70, kodwa into eyodwa isobala kubo bonke osozimila: I-Mexico inokwehlukahlukana okukhulu kwamaphayini esikhungweni somhlaba. Amaphayini e-Mexico asatshalaliswa ezifundeni ezinhlanu eziyinhloko, ahluke kancane kuphela ezifundeni eziyisithupha ezichazwe yi-Eguiluz-Piedra (1985) ngokusekelwe ebukhoneni bamaqembu athile ezinhlobo zezilwane.
Ukhuni oluxekethile, oluthambile kulula ukusebenza ngalo, ngakho lusetshenziselwa ukwenza ifenisha, izindlu, namabhokisi okupakisha izimpahla. I-resin ephakeme kakhulu yokhuni oluqinile lukaphayini ivumela ukukhishwa okunembile kwe-resin, bese igaywa ibe yitiyela, i-turpentine, namafutha.
amahlathi amahle kakhulu emhlabeni
Amahlathi awagcini nje ngokusisiza ukuba siphefumule, asifake emanzini futhi sizondle, aphinde asikhuthaze ngobuhle bawo obungenakuqhathaniswa. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamahlathi kuye ngezici ezifana nezimila (ezinamaqabunga, ezixubile neziyi-coniferous), isimo sezulu (ezishisayo, ezishisayo, ezipholile, ezipholile kanye ne-boreal) noma izinga lokungenelela komuntu (elidala kanye ne-anthropogenic). Phakathi kwabo, umphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe "National Geographic" wakhetha amahle kakhulu emhlabeni:
- I-Erawan Park (Thailand): Umbala wegolide wezihlahla nezilwane ekwindla uheha ukunaka: izinyoni eziningi, izingwejeje ezindizayo nezinkawu zihlala lapha.
- I-Broceliande Forest (France): Amahektha ayi-7.000 kanye neminyaka engaphezu kuka-5.000 ubudala, njengoba kufakazelwa ama-menhirs amaningi ahlakazekile endaweni.
- Ihlathi laseSagano (Japan): Ihlathi le-bamboo elinezinhlobo ezingu-50 ezihlukahlukene, izibonelo ezifika kumamitha angu-20 ukuphakama.
- I-Los Glaciares National Park (Argentina): Indawo Yamagugu Omhlaba kusukela ngo-1987, lawa mahlathi e-lenga ne-ñire azungeze izimanga zemvelo ezifana ne-Perito Moreno.
- I-Kahurangi National Park (New Zealand): Ihlathi elishisayo namaqabunga lapho ama-kiwi nama-wicka ehlala ndawonye phakathi kwama-fern ezihlahla, ama-beeches abomvu namasundu e-nikau nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo.
- Ihlathi Elimnyama (Germany): ihlanganisa amakhilomitha-skwele ayi-6.000 amahlathi esihlahla sonwele saseYurophu, izimfunda, amachibi namadolobhana amancane phakathi kweFreiburg neBasel.
- Ihlathi lase-Ontario (Canada): Umkhathi obomvu, osawolintshi kanye nophuzi onamagama aluhlaza okotshani, obonakala ezinkulungwaneni zamachibi nemifula.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngokubaluleka kwamahlathi.