Ukhula lwasolwandle ludlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yemvelo yasolwandle kanye nokulingana kwemvelo ngokujwayelekile. Lezi zidalwa ze-photosynthetic zinesibopho sochungechunge lwemisebenzi ebalulekile ethinta kokubili izidalwa eziphilayo ezihlala olwandle kanye nalezo ezincike kulo. Nokho, ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu kanye nokungcola, kunezinhlobo eziningi ze ukhula lwasolwandle olusengozini.
Kulesi sihloko sizobona ukuthi iyini imiphumela yezindawo zasolwandle ezisengozini yokushabalala nokuthi ibaluleke kangakanani imvelo yemvelo endaweni ezungezile.
Ukubaluleka kwezimila zasolwandle emvelweni
Okokuqala, ukhula lwasolwandle luwumthombo obalulekile womoya-mpilo. Nge-photosynthesis, lezi zitshalo zasemanzini zikhiqiza inani elikhulu lomoya-mpilo okhishelwa endaweni ezungezile. Empeleni, Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngaphezu kuka-50% womoya-mpilo weplanethi uvela olwandle, futhi ukhula lwasolwandle lungenye yezinto ezisiza kakhulu kulokhu kukhiqizwa komoya-mpilo.
Ngaphezu kwendima yazo ekukhiqizeni umoya-mpilo, ukhula lwasolwandle lubalulekile futhi ohlelweni lokudla ezindaweni zasolwandle. Izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans nezinye izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle zidla ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ulwelwe. Lezi zitshalo zasemanzini zinikeza izakhi ezibalulekile namandla ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, zisekela izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezisolwandle.
Izimila zasolwandle nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni isimo sezulu kanye nomjikelezo wekhabhoni. Ngokumuncwa kwe-carbon dioxide (CO2) ngesikhathi se-photosynthesis, basiza ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ngokusebenza njengamasinki e-carbon. Ukwengeza, ezinye izimila zasolwandle zingagcina i-carbon ezicutshini zazo isikhathi eside, ngaleyo ndlela kube nesandla ekwehliseni inani le-CO2 emkhathini.
Ngenxa yokuba khona kwezimila zasolwandle, izindawo ezihlala ogwini zivikelekile. Ngokwesibonelo, imibhede ye-Kelp isiza ekusimamiseni inhlabathi ogwini futhi inciphise ukuguguleka okubangelwa amagagasi nemisinga. Ukwengeza, bahlinzeka ngendawo yokukhosela nokudla kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle, kuhlanganise nezinhlanzi ezincane nama-crustaceans, okusiza ukugcina impilo yemvelo yasogwini.
Okokugcina, izimila zasolwandle nazo zinezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile kwezomnotho nezenhlalo. Zisetshenziswa ezimbonini zokudla, izimonyo, ezemithi nezolimo, phakathi kokunye. Kumele kubhekwe ukuthi bakhona umthombo ovuselelekayo wama-biofuels kanye nama-biomaterials, okubenza babe yinsiza ebalulekile yentuthuko esimeme.
Kungani ukhula lwasolwandle lusengozini yokushabalala
Enye yezinto eziyinhloko ezinomthelela ekwehleni kwezimila zasolwandle ukungcola. Ukungcoliswa kwemfucumfucu yepulasitiki, amakhemikhali ezolimo, okuchithwa ezimbonini namanzi angcolile kunemiphumela elimazayo ezindaweni eziphila emanzini, kuhlanganise nokhula lwasolwandle. Ukungcola kuthinta impilo nokukhula kolwelwe, kanye nezinga lamanzi ezihlala kuwo.
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungenye yezinsongo ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani ukhula lwasolwandle lusengozini yokushabalala. Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa kwamanzi, i-acidification yolwandle, kanye nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu kungaba nomthelela omubi olwandle. Isibonelo, ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kwamanzi kungabangela ukufa kwenqwaba ye-algae ngenxa yokucindezeleka okushisayo, kuyilapho I-Ocean acidification ingavimbela ukwakheka nokukhula kwamathambo e-calcium carbonate kwezinye izinhlobo ze-algae.
Ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile nakho kuwusongo olukhulu olwandle. Ukuvunwa ngokweqile kolwelwe ukuze kusetshenziswe emkhakheni wokudla, izimonyo, ezemithi neminye kungaqeda ulwelwe futhi kuphazamise imvelo yasolwandle. Ukwengeza, ezinye izinqubo zokudoba ezilimazayo, ezifana nokudotshwa ngamanethi aphansi, zingalimaza izindawo ezihlala ulwelwe futhi zinciphise amandla azo okuzivuselela.
Esinye isizathu esenza ukhula lwasolwandle lube sengozini yokushabalala ukuqhubeka nokucekelwa phansi kwendawo ehlala ogwini. Ukwakhiwa kwamadolobha, ukugawulwa kwemihlume kanye nokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yasogwini Zishintsha imvelo yasogwini futhi zicekele phansi izindawo ezihlala ulwelwe, zinciphise ikhono lazo lokukhula nokuzala.
Kumelwe kubhekwe ukuthi ukwethulwa kwezinhlobo ezihlaselayo kungase kube nemiphumela engemihle ezitshalweni zasolwandle. Izinhlobo ezihlaselayo zingaqhudelana nolwelwe lwendabuko ukuthola izinsiza ezifana nomkhathi, ukukhanya kwelanga nezakhamzimba, okuholela ekwehleni kokuhlukahluka kanye nobuningi bolwelwe ezindaweni eziphila olwandle.
Imiphumela yokunyamalala kwezimila zasolwandle
Ukushabalala noma ukwehla okuphawulekayo kwezimila zasolwandle kungaba nemiphumela engathi sína futhi esabalele kuzinto eziphilayo zasolwandle kanye nemvelo iyonke. Okokuqala, ukulahleka kwezimila zasolwandle kuzothinta lonke uchungechunge lokudla ezindaweni eziphila olwandle. Izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans nezinye izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle Zincike ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ku-algae njengomthombo wokudla. Uma ubulwelwe bebunganyamalala noma bunciphe kakhulu, bungabangela ukwehla kwenani lezinhlobo zezilwane ezithembele kuzo, okungaba nemiphumela engemihle kulo lonke uchungechunge lokudla kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle.
Sesibonile kakade ukuthi izindawo zasolwandle zisiza ekusimamiseni izindawo ezihlala ogwini futhi zivikele ekugugulekeni. Ukube inani lezimila zasolwandle belingancipha, ugu belungachayeka kakhulu ekugugulekeni ngenxa yamagagasi nemisinga, okungase kungaholela ekulahlekeni kwezindawo ezibalulekile zokuhlala, njengemihlume nezixhobo zamakhorali, futhi kwandise ingozi yezikhukhula zasogwini.
Uma ukushabalala kokhula lwasolwandle kuqhubeka, kungaba nemiphumela engemihle ezingeni lamanzi kanye nempilo yemvelo yasolwandle. Njengoba ulwelwe lunomthelela ekuhlungeni izinto ezingcolisayo kanye nokumuncwa kwemisoco ezindaweni eziphila emanzini, ukungalingani okukhulu kuzokwenzeka. Ngenxa yalokho, kungaholela ekwenyukeni kokungcoliswa kwemvelo kanye nokuncipha kwezinga lamanzi, kube nemithelela emibi kakhulu empilweni yasolwandle nakubantu abathembele emithonjeni yasolwandle.
Ngokunciphisa amandla okulawula isimo sezulu kanye nomjikelezo wekhabhoni, amandla olwandle amunca i-carbon dioxide (CO2) emkhathini, engaba nomthelela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu kanye nokufudumala komhlaba.
Ngethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngemiphumela yokuthi ukhula lwasolwandle lusengozini yokushabalala.