IPlastiki ingesinye sezingcolisi ezihlasela izilwandle futhi zidale umonakalo ongalinganiseki kwemvelo. Ubhekene nalesi simo, kunemibuzo eminingi abantu abazibuza yona. Enye yazo ukuthi ipulasitiki ifinyelela kanjani olwandle. Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, kufanele sigxile emsukeni wezinqubo ezihola imikhiqizo nemfucuza ukuze zigcine olwandle.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okuphathelene nemfucuza ukuze wazi ukuthi upulasitiki ufinyelela kanjani olwandle.
Ipulasitiki njengokungcola
Imifula, ukuhamba olwandle kanye nodoti otholakala emabhishi kungachaza ngezinga elikhulu ukuthi upulasitiki ufinyelela kanjani olwandle. Kodwa-ke, kunezinqubo eziningi ezenziwayo ekwakhiweni nasekulawulweni kwale nsila. Kuma-plastiki sekuvele kwaba ngomunye wemfucuza eqoqwe kakhulu yi-NGO yezemvelo i-Ocean Conservancy. Le nhlangano ikhiqiza izinsuku zaminyaka yonke ngokuhlanzwa kwamabhishi kanye nogu. Bebelokhu befuna amavolontiya emhlabeni wonke isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 ukuthi bakwazi ukuqoqa imfucuza epulasitiki futhi bayivimbele ekulimaleni imvelo yasolwandle.
Kunezinto eziningi zepulasitiki ezifana ne- izinqamu zikagwayi, izinto ezisongelayo, nezitroba ezilahlwayo lokho kungathatha iminyaka engama-500 ukubola. Le yinkinga enkulu kuzo zombili izitshalo nezilwane zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle emhlabeni jikelele.
Ipulasitiki ifinyelela kanjani olwandle
Ukungcola kwepulasitiki olwandle cishe njalo kuqala esitsheni sethu sokulahla udoti. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi, kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-260 ngonyaka wepulasitiki lokho siphonsa emhlabeni, kusetshenziswa kuphela i-12%. Iningi lazo lalishiswe ngomlilo noma lasakazeka ezindaweni zokulahla komhlaba ezingalindelekile kakhulu nasemakhoneni eplanethi. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi kusuka emthonjeni kunokushoda kokuphathwa nokwelashwa kwale nsila, kuyinto ejwayelekile ukuthi igcina ifinyelele olwandle.
Iningi lale doti liyalahlwa futhi liphelela olwandle. Kulapha lapho amagagasi nomoya zikukhukhuleka kube izingcezwana ezincane ezaziwa ngokuthi microplastics. IMicroplastics ayilutho ngaphandle kwezinhlayiya ezingaphansi kuka-5 mm ngosayizi futhi ezibhajwe ngaphakathi kwemimoya yamaza olwandle. Kulezi zimo bayakwazi ukukhiqiza iziqeshana ezinkulu zemfucumfucu entantayo njengaleyo esiyaziyo eNyakatho Pacific. Ingenye yezindawo ezinkulu zikadoti wepulasitiki emhlabeni ezine indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi eziyi-1.6 namathani ayi-80.000 wesisindo.
Uma ama-polymers elahlwa ngezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ukusuka olwandle, angagcina kanjani entanta kuwo? Esinye sezifundo sikhombisa ukuthi imifula, ikakhulukazi emikhulu kunayo yonke futhi engcoliswe kakhulu emhlabeni, iyona enquma izinhlaka zokufaka upulasitiki olwandle. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi le mifula baphatha amathani epulasitiki aphakathi kuka-1.1 no-2.4 million ngonyaka. Kubandakanya ukungcola emabhishi, ukudoba, ezasolwandle kanye nokuhamba olwandle njengezimbangela ezinkulu. Lezi yizimbangela eziyinhloko zokuthi ipulasitiki ifinyelela kanjani olwandle.
Kunemikhumbi eminingi elahla imfucuza yayo futhi ibalelwa cishe isigamu sayo yonke imfucuza etholakale kuze kube manje endaweni eseNyakatho Pacific. Leli qiniso lishicilelwe ephephabhukwini i-Nature. Ezinye izinto ezibalulekile okufanele zibhekwe yindle, umoya, imvula nezikhukhula. Lezi zinto zingabuye zibe yizici zokunquma ekuqhubeni ipulasitiki yasemhlabeni ezindaweni zasolwandle. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, amapulasitiki asebenzisa into eyodwa yilezo okuthi, uma zilula, zindizele ngasogwini noma zifakwe kunethiwekhi yomfula zize zifinyelele olwandle. Phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo zepulasitiki sinezikhwama, ukotini efihlekile, okusongelwe ngemikhiqizo, imicu, njll.
Angakanani amapulasitiki aphonswa olwandle
Izilwandle ziyaziwa ukuthi zithola cishe amathani ayizigidi eziyi-13 epulasitiki ngonyaka, okulingana nokulahla iloli lodoti olwandle ngomzuzu. Le mali yinto engacatshangwa nakancane ngoba abantu abaningi bazibuza ukuthi ingafakwa kanjani ipulasitiki olwandle. Ngokwezifundo ezithile ngokuvela kokusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki ngabantu, lawa manani angakhula afike ku- Amathani ayizigidi eziyi-17.5 ngonyaka ngonyaka ka-2025 uma ukukhishwa kungamiswa.
Olunye ucwaningo luveza ukuthi ngonyaka we-2050 singaba namathani amaningi epulasitiki olwandle kunokubhukuda kwezinhlanzi. Iningi lokulahla kwepulasitiki olwandle kuvela e-Asia, ngokuphelele emazweni afana neChina, iPhilippines, i-Indonesia neVietnam.
Imiphumela yokuthi ipulasitiki ifinyelela kanjani olwandle
Ukwazi ukuthi ipulasitiki ifinyelela kanjani olwandle singazama ukugwema ukungcoliswa kolwandle. Namuhla umonakalo wesibambiso odalwe ukungcoliswa kolwandle ngamapulasitiki waziwa umhlaba wonke. Phakathi kwale miphumela esinayo ukonakala kwemvelo, ukulinywa kwezitshalo nezilwane okwenziwa ngamakhemikhali, njll. Izilwane ezingaphezu kwesigidi zaziwa ukuthi ziyafa unyaka nonyaka ngenxa yokuphutha ngepulasitiki ukudla. Kumele kucatshangwe ukuthi ipulasitiki ilulaza isenzo somoya namanzi nezilwane kungakudida.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, impilo yomuntu ingaphinde ilimale ngoba ngeketanga le-trophic singafaka okunye ukudla ngosawoti wetafula. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe amadola ayizigidi ezingama-13.000 minyaka yonke izindleko zale nhlekelele yemvelo lokho kungancishiswa ngemikhuba elula kakhulu yansuku zonke. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:
- Ungasebenzisi amapulasitiki asebenzisa into eyodwa njengotshani, ukukhwehlela noma ukusika okulahlwayo.
- Uma uzothenga, ungakhohlwa ukusebenzisa isikhwama sendwangu ikalishi lesandla.
- Asiyiphonsi inhlaka phansi njengoba singakwazi ukuyisebenzisa kabusha. Masingakhohlwa ukuthi ushingamu wenziwe ngepulasitiki.
- Thenga ukudla ngobuningi ukugwema inqwaba yemikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe.
- Shintsha izipuphu zepulasitiki ufake iziqukathi zengilazi noma zensimbi.
- Sebenzisa izikhonkwane zezingodo esikhundleni sezepulasitiki.
- Gwema ukusebenzisa izimonyo ezine-microplastics bese ukhetha ukuthenga izingubo ezibolayo.
- Phinda uvuselele ipulasitiki ukuze unikeze okunye ukupakisha ithuba lesibili.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda ukuthi ipulasitiki ifinyelela kanjani olwandle nemiphumela yalo.