I-Ecology igatsha lebhayoloji eligxile ocwaningweni lokusebenzisana kwezidalwa eziphilayo kuma-ecosystem. Kodwa-ke, igama elithi i-ecology lihlobene eduze ngendlela yenhlalo yokunakekela imvelo nempilo. Ngakho-ke, kukhona a ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-ecology nempilo ngendlela yokuxhumana nabantu elula ukuyiveza.
Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele mayelana nobudlelwano phakathi kwe-ecology nempilo, izici zayo nokubaluleka.
Izici ze-ecology
I-Ecology iwucwaningo lobudlelwano phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo nendawo yazo, noma ukusatshalaliswa nobuningi bezinto eziphilayo, nokuthi lezi zakhiwo zithintwa kanjani ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo nendawo yazo ezungezile. Imvelo ihlanganisa izici ezibonakalayo ezingachazwa njengesamba sezinto zendawo eziphilayo (njengesimo sezulu kanye ne-geology) nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezihlanganyela leyo ndawo (izinto eziphilayo).
Kungabhekwa njengemvelo yomuntu isifundo sobudlelwano phakathi kwabantu nendawo yabo kanye nokushintshisana kwamandla nezinye izinto eziphilayo (izitshalo, izilwane kanye namaqembu abantu ahlukene). Ukwengeza, isiyalo sinesahluko se-ecology yamasiko, esicwaninga ukujwayela kwamaqembu abantu emithonjeni yemvelo kanye nokuba khona kwamanye amaqembu abantu; kanye ne-ecology yezenhlalo, ebheka ukwakheka kwenhlalo yamaqembu abantu njengomphumela wabo bonke ubudlelwano nendawo ezungezile.
I-ecosystem wuhlelo olwakhiwe umphakathi wemvelo wezinto eziphilayo. Okusho ukuthi, iqukethe ingxenye ye-biotic (iqembu lezinto eziphilayo: izitshalo nezilwane) kanye nengxenye ye-abiotic (indawo yayo ebonakalayo). Ezinhlelweni, kuhlanganisa nabantu, ubudlelwano bomphakathi nabo buyisisekelo.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-ecology nempilo
Ukusebenzisana kwezakhi ze-ecosystem kanye nokuvela 'okungekona okwemvelo' kokukhula kwenani labantu kunikeza ukubaluleka kwezici zemvelo mayelana nempilo yabantu. Isiko liwuphawu lwabantu. Indlela yokwenza izinto, indlela yokusebenzisana nemvelo, kanye nendlela yokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe ukuze buvumelane nemvelo konke kungamasiko.
Ngenxa yokuthuthuka kolwazi nobuchwepheshe, abantu bangakwazi ukulondoloza kangcono inzalo, balondoloze futhi bandise ukuphila, futhi benze izimo ezikhethekile zokuthuthukisa amandla okumelana nobudlova bangaphandle. Ngakho-ke ukwanda kwabantu ngendlela emangalisayo kuwumphumela waleli khono. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinombolo zabantu zibeka ingcindezi endaweni yemvelo ukwenza kube nzima nakakhulu ekuphileni komuntu. Ubufakazi buphakamisa ukuthi ukukhula kwenani labantu bekulokhu kuncipha, nokuthi ngo-2050 inani labantu emhlabeni lizozinza ngenani elingeke lidlule i-10 billion: ngaphansi kakhulu kwalokho izibalo ezibonisayo.
Ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwemithombo yemvelo
Okubaluleke nakakhulu kunokukhula yindlela abantu abaphatha ngayo imvelo. Ulwazi lwenza abantu bakwazi ukusebenzisa kangcono izinsiza zemvelo ngokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi. Nokho, lokhu kuxhashazwa ngokweqile akuwunaki umthelela wokuncipha kwezinsiza. Endabeni yokuthuthukiswa kwezolimo, lokhu kuhlanganiswe nemiphumela eyingozi yamakhemikhali e-agrochemicals emhlabathini nasezintweni eziphilayo, kuhlanganise nomuntu ngokwakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ikhwalithi yentuthuko yempilo yethula ubuchwepheshe obugcina bushintsha ikhwalithi yempilo.
Ukungcola okuningi okukhishelwa endaweni ezungezile kuvela ekukhiqizeni ukudla okwengeziwe, izimpahla, nokunethezeka; nokho, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezithile zokukhiqiza alinaki amandla okwamukela imvelo.
Namuhla sikhuluma ngentuthuko esimeme, ukuqonda ukuthi izinga lempilo liyakhuphuka futhi wonke umuntu uyakwazi ukufinyelela izimpahla nezinsizakalo ukuze imisebenzi yabantu ehilelekile ekukhiqizeni ayifaki izizukulwane ezizayo engozini ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo. Amandla okuthwala (noma amandla okuthwala) ubukhulu bobukhulu besibalo sabantu indawo engasithatha ngaphandle kokululaza amagugu ayo emvelo futhi sivumele leso sibalo sabantu ukuthi sigcine izinga elithile lenhlalakahle phakade. Lesi sikhundla sihlobene nomsebenzi wendawo kubantu; phakathi
Ziyindawo yemvelo emhlabeni, umthombo wento namandla okuphila komuntu, kanye nendawo yokuqoqa yonke imfucuza ekhiqizwa imisebenzi yomuntu. Kodwa lobu budlelwano (inani labantu/indawo) buphinde buncike emaphethini abo okukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa, okunqunywa izici zamasiko nezomnotho. Ngokwezilinganiso zeZizwe Ezihlangene, ekupheleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka, amazwe asethuthuke kakhulu, egxile ku-25% wabantu bomhlaba, ikhiqize u-75% wemfucumfucu yabantu. Mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, okusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kukawoyela emhlabeni wonke okungamathani ayi-1.600, amazwe athuthuke kakhulu adla amathani angaphezu kuka-4.800, kanti amazwe athuthukile kancane adla amathani angaphansi kuka-900.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-ecology nempilo nokungcola
Ukungcoliswa komoya kungenye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu nezinkulu emadolobheni amakhulu. Lapho imithwalo engcolisayo yenziwa ibe mibi kakhulu ngenxa yesimo sezulu noma isimo sendawo ngaphezu kobukhulu, ukuphefumula umoya ngokwako kuyingozi empilweni. Isibonelo, eSantiago de Chile kwacwaningwa ubudlelwano phakathi kokungcoliswa komoya kanye nesigameko sezimpawu zokuphefumula, Izibhedlela ezidinga kakhulu lesi sizathu ngezinsuku zokungcoliswa kakhulu.
Okufanayo kwabonwa eMexico, DF nakwamanye ama-megacities. I-CO2 edolobheni lokuqala ikhuphukela emazingeni abucayi, iphoqelela imingcele ekuhambeni kwezimoto ezizimele (okubangela u-90% wokungcola) osekungamashumi eminyaka. Nokho, ipaki
Izimoto ziyanda futhi awukho umkhawulo wokukhiqiza. Lesi simo sibonwa emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa inkinga enkulu yokungcoliswa komoya ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke, kuyimbangela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nezinhlekelele zemvelo njengezikhukhula, ama-tsunami, i-El Niño, isomiso, njll. eminyakeni yakamuva. Ukuncibilika kwezigxobo kubonakala kuwusongo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.
Ngethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nobudlelwano phakathi kwe-ecology nempilo.