Ukulahlwa kukadoti (ikakhulukazi oplastiki) olwandle nasezilwandle kuyinkinga enkulu yemvelo lapho kungekho kwaziswa okuningi noma kwenziwa izinto eziningi. Izifundo ezahlukahlukene zihlaziya amathani kadoti ngonyaka aphonswa olwandle nasolwandle, futhi kubalwa umonakalo abawenzayo ezilwaneni nasezilwaneni zasolwandle.
Ulwandle iMedithera alubaleki ngenxa yokuqoqwa kwezingcezwana ezinkulu zikadoti emanzini alo. Kwenzekani kuyo yonke le mfucuza?
Udoti ovela oLwandle iMedithera
OLwandle iMedithera kukhona izingcezu zemfucuza ezinkulu ezingaba yizigidi ezingama-62 emanzini alo. Kusuka ezikhwameni zikadoti, ezintweni zokwakha, opulasitiki, ukupakisha, njll. Lokhu kubonisa usongo olukhulu emvelweni yasolwandle kanye nakubantu, ngoba inqwaba yezinsimbi ezisindayo ingadluliselwa ochungechungeni lokudla.
Inhlangano Isazi semvelo en Acción wenze ucwaningo ngodoti wasolwandle, oplastiki kanye nama-microplastics olulaza futhi athinte kabi imvelo yasolwandle. Lolu cwaningo lufingqa ulwazi olunikelwe ngu izincwadi ezingaba ngu-300 zomhlaba wonke zesayensi.
Ucwaningo lukhombisa imininingwane emangalisayo yokuthi minyaka yonke bangena olwandle phakathi kuka-6,4 no-8 million wamathani emfucumfucu kadoti. Phakathi kokwakhiwa kwayo yonke le nkunkuma elahlwe olwandle, sithola ukuthi u-80% ungupulasitiki. Phakathi kwama-plastiki sithola ama-microplastics okuthi, ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuncane, akwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade futhi enwebeke ezindaweni eziningi. Abezemvelo baxwayisa esifundweni esifingqiwe ukuthi kukhona izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-690 zezimila nezilwane ezihlangane nodoti wasolwandle wasepulasitiki. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi izinsalela zifakwe ochungechungeni lwe-trophic futhi zifinyelele kumuntu lapho ondla izinhlanzi.
Imfucuza eminingi ivela emhlabathini
Umbiko uphawula ukuthi kuwo wonke udoti omusha ongena olwandle unyaka nonyaka, Ama-80% ayo avela emhlabeni. Imvamisa, kusuka ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi kanye nokuba khona kohlobo oluthile lwemboni noma izindawo zokulahla komhlaba. Ekuqaleni kwalezi zifundo, amanye amabhulokhi odoti wasolwandle atholwa ikakhulu ogwini. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni edlule, iziqhingi ezinkulu zikadoti ezintantayo ziye zarekhodwa olwandle oluvulekile naphansi kolwandle.
Leli nani likadoti otholakele selivele liyakhathaza kakhulu imvelo nabantu. Microplastics izinhlayiya ze ngaphansi kwamamilimitha amahlanu ngosayizi. Izazi zemvelo e-Action zixwayisa ngobukhona obuphezulu bale microplastics evela kwimikhiqizo yezimonyo. Zidlula izinhlelo zokukhucululwa kwendle zize zingene olwandle nasolwandle bese zinqwabelana ochungechungeni lokudla.
Futhi, eziningi zalezi microplastics zivela ekuqhekekeni kwezindwangu zokwenziwa zokwenziwa (ngokuwasha okukodwa zingakhiqiza imicu engaphezulu kwe-1.900 microplastic) noma ekonakaleni kwezikhwama zepulasitiki zibe izinhlayiya ezincanyana.
Ukungcola kuyisongo esikhulu
Kuhlale kushiwo ukuthi inkinga yokuqala kwezemvelo emhlabeni jikelele ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Umthelela wayo emhlabeni ubucayi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, inkinga yokungcola inezela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu futhi iba enye yezinsongo ezinkulu zomhlaba zaleli khulu leminyaka olwandle.
Kubuye kugqamise ukuthi kokunye izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle azihlukunyezwa ukufa okuqondile kusuka ekubanjweni amanetha epulasitiki, kepha kuthinteka kakhulu ukulimala noma izithiyo ezidalwa ukubanjwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izazi zemvelo ziqaphele ukuthi ukungeniswa kwe-macroplastic kubhalwe ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinto eziphilayo, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo zezinhlanzi eziyigugu ngokwezentengiselwano njenge-herring ne-mackerel, ama-tunas aseMedithera ne-Atlantic cod, lapho ukudideka kukadoti nokudla kungadala ukufa ngqo, ngokuvinjelwa yisisu, noma uthinte imizimba yakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Amanethi wokudoba angavumelekile angasetshenziselwa ukuqoqa izinto ezingenamsebenzi, nokuhlonipha izinhlanzi.
Emilonyeni yayo yonke imihosha nemifudlana kufanele kube khona amadamu okuqoqa zonke izinsalela lapho kunezindlela futhi omasipala bebezophatha ukuwaqoqa, ukuze baphinde basebenzise ukuvumela ukungena kwamanzi futhi bagweme ukungena olwandle Umasipala ongasenhla nalesositeshi kufanele ube namadamu okusiza ukungena kwamanzi, awavimbe futhi aqoqe wonke udoti ophonswe eziteshini futhi ngasikhathi sinye enze izinkampani ezakha usimende, amatshe kanye nesihlabathi, ukuqoqwa kusho izinto ezidala ukuhlanzwa kweziteshi ezanele ukulawula la manzi ngenani eliphansi.