Scolopendra

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngeqembu lezilwane elingelama-phylum of arthropods ekilasini leChilopods nasenhlotsheni yama-myriapods. Imayelana ne- scolopendra. Lezi zilwane zibonakala ikakhulukazi ngokuba nomzimba ocindezelekile engxenyeni yangemuva ye-ventral kanye nezimpondo ezimbili. Ziyizinto eziphilayo ezinosayizi omncane futhi ziyaziwa ngamazinyo azo okujova ubuthi.

Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici, indawo yokuhlala, ukondla nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-scolopendra.

Izici eziyinhloko

I-scolopendra i-myriapod eyakhiwa ukucindezeleka kwi-ventral dorsum futhi inezintambo ezimbili ezinama-knuckles aphakathi kuka-17 no-30. Banamapheya emilenze aphakathi kwama-21 nama-23, phakathi kwawo okukhona iguqule umbhangqwana wokuqala njengamazinyo akhonza ukujova ubuthi. Lezi zibambo ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-calipers. Ngokuvamile mincane ngosayizi, yize ingadlula u-30 cm.

Zibhekwa njengezidlabha zemihlathi futhi zinemihlathi enamazinyo namakhowe. Inqubo yokudla inezimbili zemihlathi ezisebenza ukondla. Imilenze yayo icacisiwe futhi yakhiwe kuphela ngegatsha elilodwa. Ukukhahlela kokuqala kuguqulwa njengamazipho anobuthi asetshenziselwa ukuzingela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imilenze emibili yokugcina iyona esebenza njengesitho esibucayi nesivikelayo. Yinde kunaleyo yonke futhi awuyisebenzisi uma uskrola.

Ubukhulu be-scolopendra buyahluka ngokuya ngendawo lapho ikhula khona. EYurophu, isifanekiso esikhulu kunazo zonke singafinyelela amasentimitha ayi-17 ubude. Ngenkathi izibonelo ezitholakala eziqhingini zaseCaribbean zingabuphinda kabili lobu ubude. Banohlelo lokugaya ukudla oluphelele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi zinohlelo lokugaya ukudla oluqala emlonyeni luphelele endunu. Lesi ngesinye sezici ze-myriapods. Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla lwenziwe nge-foregut, i-midgut ne-hindgut.

Ngokuqondene nesistimu yokuphefumula, zine-tracheal system. Lokhu kuvamile phakathi kwamaChilopods. Ku-oda lama-scolopendras sine-stigmata yokuphefumula lokho bayakwazi ukuxhumana nabangaphandle futhi banomsebenzi wokukwazi ukuphefumula. Lezi zinhlamba zinamashubhu amaningana agijima emzimbeni wesilwane. La mashubhu aziwa ngegama le-tracheae futhi atholakala ezindongeni ezifanayo ezikhiqizwa ukushintshaniswa kwegesi.

Uhlelo lwezinzwa ludala kakhulu ngoba luhlobo lwe-ganglionic. Lezi ezinye zezinguquko eziqoqwe kwezinye izindawo ezikwazi ukuxhumana nohlelo lokugaya ukudla. Banikwa amandla ochungechungeni lwezinzwa olumaphakathi olugijima ngobude emzimbeni wonke.

Indawo ye-scolopendra

Lezi zilwane zihamba ebusuku kanti emini zivame ukucasha ezihlahleni, emadwaleni, ezingodweni, emaqabungeni nasemifantwini yamatshe. Ukuze bakhe umgodi, bakha imidwebo ngenkathi besemhlabathini. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu esenza lezi zilwane zikhethe izindawo ezinomswakama ophakeme kakhulu. Lo mswakama ophakeme ohlobene nawo ubasiza ukuthi benze ukuthungwa kwenhlabathi kuthambeke ngakho-ke bakwazi ukumba kalula.

Lezi zilwane zinebanga elibanzi kusuka ezindaweni eziwugwadule kuya emahlathini e-coniferous. Izibonelo eziningi zingatholakala ezihlahleni ze-flatwood. Lokho wukuthi, lezi zilwane zibhekwa njengezinhlobo zomhlaba wonke. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunezibonelo ze-scolopendra emhlabeni jikelele. Izinhlobo eziningi zitholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kulezi zindawo kunamazinga aphezulu kakhulu omswakama nokuthungwa kwenhlabathi ethambile. Izindawo kuphela lapho singasitholi khona lesi silwane ezindaweni ezisezindaweni ezibandayo.

Kodwa-ke, kukhona ezinye izinhlobo ezinobubanzi obukhawulelwe kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo ezithile ezifana ne- I-Scolopendra pomacea lokho kwaziwa kuphela kwezinye izifundazwe ezisenkabeni yeMexico. Abanye banendawo ebanzi yokusatshalaliswa ngoba itholakala cishe emhlabeni wonke.

Yini i-scolopendra eyondla ngayo?

Lawa ma-arthropods ayizilwane ezidla inyama. Isisulu saso esikhulu yilezo zinambuzane ezincane ezifana ne-lo yizimvemvane, izintethe, amaphela, namabhungane nezinye izidleke zomzimba ezifana nezicabucabu nofezela. Yize kungenjalo kaningi, iminenke nezibungu zomhlaba nazo ziyingxenye yokudla kwazo.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu ze-scolopendra zinobuhlungu obunamandla futhi zingondla ezilwaneni ezinkulu. Ezinye zazo zidla amaxoxo, izibankwa, amagundane, izinhlobo ezithile zezinyoni, nezinhlobo ezithile zezinyoka.

Ngokusho kososayensi, ukuthola isisulu basebenzisa izimpondo zabo. Kunabanye ososayensi abacabanga ukuthi ukuze babambe inyamazane basebenzisa imilenze emibili yokugcina esebenza njengezitho zomzimba. Lokhu kukhahlela kuhlome kakhulu ngameva nezipikili futhi kusebenza ukukwazi ukudonsa umzimba bese ushayela abashayayo kuwo ukuze ubakhubaze noma ubabulale. Lapho i-scolopendra isibambe isisulu sayo, ifaka ubuthi kuyo. Kepha ayiyikhululi inyamazane yayo, kepha iyigcina isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka ibanjwe imihlathi yayo yesibili nabashayi bakhona. Basebenzisa imihlathi yonke ngemihlathi yokuqala ukuze bakwazi ukuphatha isidumbu ukuze basingenise.

Ukuzala

Lezi zilwane zinohlobo lokukhiqizwa kocansi. Ziyi-oviparous ngentuthuko eqondile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iqanda lichanyuselwa ngendlela enikeza ingane enezici ezifanayo nezomuntu omdala kepha njengokukhula kocansi okungavuthiwe nangosayizi omncane. Amachwane achanyuselwa ayakwazi ukuzimela ngokwawo kusukela ngesikhathi aqandusela ngaso.

Abesifazane bane-ovary eyodwa futhi itholakala endaweni ye-dorsal maqondana nomgudu wokugaya ukudla. Abesilisa bangaba namasende amaningana endaweni ye-dorsal futhi yiwona achitha ama-gametes ku-spermiduct eyodwa. Owesifazane uqoqa i-spermatophore futhi ayethule ekuvulekeni kwakhe kobulili ku-spermatheca. Owesifazane uvame ukubeka amaqanda angaba ngu-15 ekubekeni ngakunye. Isebenzisa kuphela ukunakekelwa komzali kuze kube yilapho ichanyuselwa.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-escolopendra.