Kwezemvelo nasochungechungeni lokudla kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo ngokuya ngokudla kwazo. Izilwane izisusa Ama-heterotrophs adla ngokubola kwezinto eziphilayo futhi angathola amandla awadingayo ukufeza imisebenzi yawo ebalulekile. Lezi zilwane zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kubhalansi yemvelo yemvelo.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela zonke izici, indlela yokuphila nokubaluleka kwezilwane ezihlambalazayo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Uma sihlaziya imvelo siyabona ukuthi imfucumfucu yakheka phansi ezansi emanzini. Akuyona into ngaphandle komphumela wokubola kwezitshalo nezilwane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izidalwa ze-Detritivore zondla ezintweni ezivela kuzo izilwane ezikhiqizayo ezidla inyama, ezidla utyani futhi eziyinhloko kepha lapho sezivele zisesimweni sokubola.
Uma sihlaziya i- uchungechunge lokudla siyabona ukuthi okonakele kusezingeni eliphakeme. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi banesibopho sokufaka isandla ekonakaleni nasekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo kuhlelo lwezinto eziphilayo. Abantu abaningi baphambanisa amagama athi detritivores nama-decomposers. Phakathi kwale mibono emibili kunomehluko othile ohlobene nokuziphatha kwala maqembu womabili ukuthola izakhi zawo zomzimba. Uma sihlaziya umongo we-ecosystem kanye nomsebenzi wesixhumanisi ngasinye kuxhaxha lokudla, siyabona ukuthi okokubola kanye nokonakalisa izinto kunomsebenzi ofanayo yize kukhona umehluko ngokuthola amandla.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-detritivores kanye ne-decomposers
Ama-decomposers athola izinto zokudla ezincibilikile ku-substrate ngokumuncwa kwe-osmotic. Kuleli qembu kunamagciwane nesikhunta. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izilwane ezilimazayo zingathola izakhamzimba ezintweni ezibolayo zezinto eziphilayo nge-phagotrophy. I-Fagotrophy iqukethe ukufaka inqwaba yemfucumfucu. Phakathi kwamaqembu abaluleke kakhulu futhi amele ama-detritivores sibona ama-slugs, inkalankala, ezinye izinhlanzi zomndeni wakwaLoricariidae nezibungu zomhlaba.
Siyazi ukuthi izikelemu zinomsebenzi wokuphefumula izinto eziphilayo nenhlabathi. Zibalulekile njengoba zisiza ukwenza kabusha futhi zivuselele izinto ezibolayo. Ziyizilwane ze-heterotrophic ngoba azikwazi ukukhiqiza ukudla ezikudlayo. Kumele bayithathe ekuboleni izinto eziphilayo bese beguqula leyo ndaba ibe izakhi namandla.
Ukubaluleka kokuhlanjululwa
Ezimweni zemvelo kukhona ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa. Esixhumanisweni sokuqala seketanga sinabakhiqizi bokuqala. Yilezo zinto eziphilayo ezizimele ezingazakhela ukudla kwazo ngokusebenzisa amandla amakhemikhali noma alula. Izitshalo ezabakhiqizi abakhulu. Lapho udaba selukhiqiziwe kuhla lokudla, izixhumanisi ezilandelayo zokusetshenziswa ziyalandelwa.
Abathengi bamabanga aphansi, abasesekondari nabaphezulu, yilabo abathi, ngokuxhumanisa ngesixhumanisi, badle izinto eziphilayo ukuze badle. Zonke zingama-heterotrophs futhi azikwazi ukuzenzela ukudla. Lonke lolu chungechunge lukhiqiza izinsalela okumele zisuswe ukuqala kabusha umjikelezo. Lapha kulapho ukubaluleka kwezinciphisi kulele khona. Ngakho-ke, baba yingxenye eyisisekelo yokugeleza kwamandla ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zemvelo nasemaketangeni okudla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhunta nezinye izinto ezincane ezibhekene nokuguqula indle yala maqembu ezilwane zibe yizinto ezinjenge-inorganic carbon esebenza njengokudla kwabakhiqizi bokuqala. Le khabhoni engaphili ifakwe kumhlaba, kuvale umjikelezo. Ama-Detritivores athola cishe kuzo zonke izindawo, yize iningi labo lihlala emhlabathini. Kodwa-ke, singathola futhi izinto eziphilayo ezingabanjelwa ezindaweni zasemanzini njengamanye ama-crustaceans nezinhlanzi.
Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla kwalezi zidalwa luhluke kakhulu. Kwezinye zazo kukhona okokusebenza ngomlomo okusebenza ukumunca imfucumfucu. Lokhu kunjalo ngezinhlanzi ezingancela imfucumfucu ngokumiswa noma zinamathele olwandle. Kokunye siyabona ukuthi umlomo wayo unezicucu eziwuvumela ukuhlafuna isisindo esibolayo. Abanye banezakhiwo ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-gizzards aqukethe izinhlayiya zesihlabathi ezisuka enhlabathini futhi kuyisakhiwo esisiza ukubola ukuchoboza kangcono futhi kukhuthaze ukugaya.
Ukondla nokuzala kabusha
Ukondliwa kwalezi zinto eziphilayo ngokuyisisekelo kusekelwe emfucumfucwini. Le nkunkuma ingumthombo obalulekile wamandla. Futhi igcwele isisindo semvelo lapho kukhona amabhaktheriya amaningi afaka inani elikhulu lokudla okunempilo ku-substrate. Yonke imfucumfucu ingatholakala ezindaweni zasemhlabeni ezitholakala kudoti noma i-humus. Ezinye zazo zingamiswa okwesikhashana bese ziwa zingqimba.
Ama-detritivores athatha izinhlayiya ezinkulu zemfucumfucu lapho esezigabeni zokuqala zokuhlakazeka kwendaba. Izinto ezikhishwe zicebile nge-potassium, udoti we-nitrogen kanye ne-phosphorus. Lezi zinto zishintsha inhlabathi ibe yisisekelo esinomsoco kakhulu ezitshalweni, ikwenze kube yindlela ekahle yokuvala umjikelezo wethambo le-trophic. Yilezi izakhi ezisetshenziswa futhi yizitshalo ukukhiqiza impahla eluhlaza engadliwa.
Mayelana nokuzala, kunezindlela eziningi zokukhiqiza kabusha. Njengoba kuyiqembu elikhulu ngokwanele, sithola amabhungane, ama-mollusk, ama-slugs nezinhlobo ezithile zeminenke. Futhi sinemisundu nezibungu ezihlala enhlabathini nasezinkuni ezibolayo. Emvelweni wolwandle sinezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi, ama-echinoderms namanye ama-crustaceans.
Ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane eziseqenjini lezinto ezonakalisayo, sithola ukukhiqizwa kwe-asexual nezocansi. Ekukhiqizweni kwe-asexual sibona ukuthi into eyodwa, ngenqubo yokwehlukaniswa kwamaseli, kungakhipha umuntu oyedwa noma abaningi abanesici esifanayo nemininingwane efanayo yofuzo. Ekukhiqizweni ngokocansi siyabona ukuthi kunesidingo sabantu abaningana abazobamba iqhaza ukuhlinzeka ngezinto zofuzo, ngakho-ke abantu besizukulwane esilandelayo nabo bazohluka ngokwezakhi zofuzo kubo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezinto ezonakalisa i-detritivore, izici zazo nokusebenza kwazo ezinhlelweni zemvelo.