Lapho ukhuluma ngemvelo nemvelo ngezindawo zokuhlala, imvelo kanye niche yemvelo, abantu bavame ukudidisa le miqondo kalula. Futhi ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene zikude ngokwendawo, kepha wabelana ngemisebenzi efanayo endaweni abahlala kuyo. Lokhu yilokho okwaziwa cishe njenge-niche yemvelo.
Kulesi sihloko ngizochaza ukuthi yini i-niche yemvelo ngendlela eningiliziwe nokuthi yini umehluko okhona nge-ecosystem nendawo yokuhlala.
Yini i-niche yemvelo yohlobo
Kunezigidi zezinhlobo zezinyoni emhlabeni wonke ezifeza imisebenzi efanayo emvelweni kepha azikwazi ukuhlangana. Noma kunjalo, kunezinhlobo ezihlukile futhi ezenza imisebenzi efanayo ku- izimiso zemvelo. Lokhu kwenzeka, ngokwesibonelo, phakathi kwezinhlobo ezinjengesiqandisi sezinkuni ne-aye-aye.
Imisebenzi nobudlelwano umzimba onabo nazo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ngaphakathi kwemvelo baziwa njenge-niche yemvelo. I-ecosystem yindawo lapho kunezici ezahlukahlukene ezenza ukuthi kube lula ukuhlala endaweni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indawo yokuhlala ayiyona nje indawo yendawo yokuhlala lapho umuntu ophilayo ehlala futhi athuthukise impilo yakhe. Isibonelo esilula kunazo zonke ukuthi esimweni semvelo esinamahlathi, uhlobo lwenyoni lunendawo yalo ezihlahleni futhi ubudlelwano abanabo nezinye izidalwa ezisemvelweni yabo yi-niche yemvelo.
Kungashiwo ukuthi kuyindlela yokuphila yezinhlobo, lapho sifaka khona izimo, imikhuba, izinsiza ezisetshenziswa imvelo, ukuxhumana abanakho nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane ezakha lokho kuhlangana.
Ukwenza kucace, sizonikeza esinye isibonelo. Ama-Emperor penguin yizinyoni ezijwayele ukuzingela ekuguqukeni kwemizimba yazo. Bangazingela emanzini emazingeni okushisa aphansi ngaphandle kokulimala. Lezi zilwane zondla kakhulu izinhlanzi, ama-squid nezinye izinhlanzi ezinamandla okuzizingela. Indima yabo ngeyomzingeli, kepha futhi bayizisulu zezinye izilwane ezinkulu ezinjengemikhomo ebulalayo. Zonke lezi zici nobudlelwano phakathi kwezidalwa esizibalile ngamagama yi-niche yemvelo yama-emperor penguin.
I-niche eyabiwe
Into abantu abaningi abavame ukuzibuza yona ukuthi kwenzekani uma izinhlobo eziningana zihlanganyela i-niche efanayo yemvelo futhi zitholakala endaweni efanayo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kunenkinga futhi kubucayi impela. Izidalwa ezimbili ezine-niche efanayo yemvelo azikwazi ukuhlala isikhathi eside endaweni efanayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuncintisana okucacile. Bancintisana nensimu efanayo, izinsizakusebenza, ubudlelwano nezindlela ezifanayo zokuphila, njll.
Ekugcineni, olunye lwezinhlobo ezimbili yilolu olunqoba olunye. Uma kwenzeka into enjengale, olunye lwezinhlobo luphela lunyamalale nohlelo lwemvelo. Kwenzeka into efanayo nalokho okwenzeka ngezinhlobo ezihlaselayo kepha ngaphandle kokufana. Uhlobo oluhlaselayo lunamandla amakhulu okuzivumelanisa nemvelo kunezinhlobo zemvelo, ngakho-ke kugcina kususa enye. Ukunyamalala kohlobo oluthile ngoba kuhlanganyela i-niche yemvelo nenye kwaziwa njengokukhishwa ekuncintisaneni.
Lokhu akuyona into ehlala ilungiswa. Kunezinhlobo ezithile ezikwazi ukugqagqana kuphela ingxenye yemifino yazo futhi ezikwazi ukuhlala endaweni efanayo. Lapho ukukhishwa okuncintisanayo kwenzeka, ezinye izinhlobo ziyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo futhi ziguquke ukuze zithole enye into engokwemvelo engabasiza baphile. Kulokhu, kukhona ukwahlukaniswa kwemithombo futhi zombili lezi zinhlobo zingahlangana. Leli cala livela ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezingadli izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kuphela, kepha ezikwazi ukuba nokudla okuhlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile, ama-omnivores anamandla amakhulu okuzivumelanisa nemvelo kunezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
I-niche efanayo yemvelo ezindaweni ezahlukene
Lokhu kwenzeka uma kunezinhlobo ezi-vicarious. Lokho, izinhlobo ezifanayo kakhulu ezihlala ezindaweni ezihlukene ngokwendawo noma eziphikisanayo. Isibonelo, izinkawu zezwe elidala kanye nezomhlaba omusha. Lesi simo sisinikeza ukudla komcabango: kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi izinhlobo ezifanayo ezifana nalezi zihlale ezindaweni eziphambene nezodwa?
Lo mbuzo unganikezwa izimpendulo eziningana ngokususelwa kumibono ehlukahlukene. Owokuqala umbono wokusabalalisa. Lo mbono uvikela ukuthi izinhlobo ziyakwazi ukudiliza nokunqoba imigoqo yendawo emelela umkhawulo wensimu. Isibonelo, intaba noma ulwandle kungaba yinto ekhawulelayo. Lapho uhlobo selukule ndawo, lungakwazi ukuyifaka ikoloni bese kuvela uhlobo olusha olunezici ezahlukahlukene zokuziphendukela kwemvelo futhi luhlukaniswe nolokuqala.
Enye inkolelo yokuthi vicariousness. Kuyaziwa ukuthi into efanayo yangaphambilini ingenzeka ngenye indlela ngenxa yama-plate tectonics. Isibonelo, uhlobo lwe-A oluhlala endaweni ebanzi luhlukaniswe yisithiyo esivela ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane zeminyaka. Lokhu kunjalo ngokuhamba kwamapuleti we-tectonic. Njengoba ulwandle lwakha phakathi kwamapuleti amabili, izinhlobo ezihlukanisiwe ezingxenyeni zombili zensimu zizogcina ziguquke ngenye indlela, kepha zizogcina ukufana okufanayo kwemvelo.
Yabelana ngendawo
Izibonelo ezifana ne-rhea kanye nentshe yizilwane ezinezici ezifanayo nohlobo olufanayo lokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, basengozini yezilwane ezinesici esifanayo. Hhayi njalo izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlanganyela i-niche yemvelo okufanele zifanane noma zabelane ngendawo. Kunezikhathi lapho une-niche efanayo yemvelo kepha ziyizinhlobo ezisezigabeni ezahlukahlukene.
Njengesiphetho singathola ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi ezihlanganyela indawo efanayo yemvelo kepha zihlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye zalezi zinhlobo ziyefana, njengamabhere ansundu kanye nasezindaweni ezibandayo, okhokho babo ababefana. Kunezinye futhi izimo lapho izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezinjengama-kangaroo nezinkomo zinemichilo efanayo, namanje engaveli kokhokho abavamile. Umehluko walezi zinhlobo uhlala e-vicarianza nase-dispersalismo.