Kube khona ifayela le- inkomba yokusimama yamazwe omhlaba futhi uzwile impela ngakho. Le nkomba yisinyathelo semvelo.
Ngezinselelo ezintsha ezivelayo, sidinga ukukhuphula futhi siqedele lonke ulwazi olungasinikeza i-GDP (Gross Domestic Product), iInkomba esetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke kumongo wezomnotho.Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze sikwazi ukuklama izinqubomgomo ezilinganisiwe ezingakhombisa ukuzibophezela Emvelweni nasenhlalakahleni yomphakathi.
Le nkomba ye-biophysical yokusimama, futhi sengivele ngikhuluma kuphela ngonyawo lwemvelo, luyakwazi ukuhlanganisa iqoqo lemithelela umphakathi wabantu onayo kwimvelo yawo. Uma kubhekwa njengokuzwakala okunengqondo, zonke izinsizakusebenza ezidingekayo kanye nemfucuza eyenziwe kulowo mphakathi.
Yini inyawo lemvelo?
Ukungcola kwemvelo ngakho-ke kuchazwa ngokuthi
indawo ephelele yokukhiqiza imvelo edingekayo ukukhiqiza izinsiza ezisetshenziswa yisakhamuzi esijwayelekile somphakathi wabantu, kanye nalokho okudingekayo ukumunca imfucuza eyakhiqizayo, kungakhathalekile ukuthi lezi zindawo zikuphi
Ukutadisha okwenzeka emvelweni
Ukuze siyisungule njengenkomba, kufanele kuqala sazi ukuthi singakubala kanjani okwashiwo, ngalezi zici ezinjenge:
Ukugeleza kwezinto namandla kuhlale kudingeka ukukhiqiza noma yikuphi okuhle noma insizakalo (ngaphandle kobuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiwe). Lezi zinto namandla avela ezinhlelweni zemvelo noma ukugeleza kwamandla okuqondile okuvela eLangeni ekubonakalisweni kwalo okuhlukile.
Ziyadingeka futhi, izinhlelo zemvelo zokumunca imfucuza eyenziwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yokugcina.
Izindawo ze imvelo ekhiqizayo iyancishiswa njengoba isikhala kuhlala abantu ngezindlu, okokusebenza, ingqalasizinda ...
Ngale ndlela singabona ukuthi le nkomba ihlanganisa imithelela eminingi, yize ezinye futhi kufanele zinakwe, njengalezo ezibukela phansi umthelela wangempela wezemvelo.
Umthelela wangempela wezemvelo
Eminye imithelela ayibalwa, ikakhulukazi yesimo sekhwalithi, njengokungcola kwenhlabathi, amanzi, nomoya (ngaphandle kwe-CO2), ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, ukulahleka kokuhlukahluka kwemvelo noma ukonakala kusukela ekubukeni komhlaba.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi okwenziwayo emikhakheni yezolimo, imfuyo kanye namahlathi kuyasimama, okusho ukuthi umkhiqizo wenhlabathi awunciphi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Umthelela ohambisana nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi awunakwa, ngaphandle kokusebenza komhlaba ngqo ngamachibi kanye nengqalasizinda ye-hydraulic namandla ahambisana nokuphathwa komjikelezo wamanzi.
Njengombandela ojwayelekile, kuzanywa ukungazibali lezo zici okukhona ukungabaza ngazo ngekhwalithi yokubala.
Mayelana nalokhu, kuhlale kunokuthambekela kokukhetha inketho ehlakaniphile kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngokuthola imiphumela.
I-Biocapacity
Into ehambisanayo ekuthintekeni kwemvelo yi-biocapacity yensimu. Kuyinto kuphela indawo ekhiqiza ngokwemvelo okutholakala njengezitshalo, amahlathi, amadlelo, ulwandle olukhiqizayo ...
Ngibhekisa ku-biocapacity njengento ehambisanayo ngoba umehluko walezi zinkomba usinika ngenxa yalokho ukusilela kwemvelo. Lokho wukuthi, ukushiyeka kwemvelo kulingana ne- ukufunwa kwemithombo (i-ecology footprint) kuncane izinsiza ezikhona (i-biocapacity).
Ngokombono womhlaba jikelele, kulinganiselwa ukuthi 1,8 ha i-biocapacity yomhlaba wonke umuntu ngamunye, noma yini efanayo, uma bekungadingeka sisabalalise umhlaba okhiqizayo emhlabeni ngezingxenye ezilinganayo, kwisakhamuzi ngasinye kwabangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha emhlabeni, amahektha ayi-1,8 abengafanelana nokwanelisa zonke izidingo zawo ngonyaka owodwa.
Lokhu kusinikeza umbono wokusetshenziswa kakhulu nezindleko esizenzayo, okungukuthi, uma siqhubeka kanjena, uMhlaba ngeke ukwazi ukuhlinzeka wonke umuntu.
Njengedatha enelukuluku, phawula lokho I-USA ine-footprint engu-9.6Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma umhlaba wonke uphila njenge-US kungathatha amaplanethi angaphezu kuka-9 nohhafu woMhlaba.
Ukungcola kwemvelo kwe- ISpain ingu-5.4
Bala isinyathelo semvelo
Ukubalwa kwalesi sikhombisi kusekelwe kokuthi ukulinganiswa kwendawo yokukhiqiza edingekayo ukwanelisa ukusetshenziswa okuhambisana nokudla, kwimikhiqizo yehlathi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokuhlala komhlaba ngqo.
Ukuze wazi lezi zindawo, kwenziwa izinyathelo ezimbili:
Bala ukusetshenziswa kwezigaba ezahlukahlukene kumayunithi womzimba
Uma kwenzeka kungekho datha yokusebenzisa ngqo, ukusetshenziswa okubonakalayo komkhiqizo ngamunye kulinganiselwa ngenkulumo elandelayo:
Ukusetshenziswa okusobala = Ukukhiqizwa - Thekelisa + Ngenisa
Shintsha lokhu kusetshenziswa kube yindawo efanelekile yokukhiqiza ngokusebenzisa izinkomba zokukhiqiza
Lokhu kulingana nokubala indawo edingekayo ukwanelisa ukusetshenziswa komuntu ngamunye ngomkhiqizo othile. Amanani wokukhiqiza asetshenzisiwe.
Ukungcola kwemvelo = Ukusetshenziswa / Ukukhiqiza
Amanani wokukhiqiza esizowasebenzisa angabhekiswa esikalini somhlaba wonke, noma angabalwa ngokukhethekile endaweni ethile, ngaleyo ndlela kubhekwe ubuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiwe kanye nokusebenza komhlaba.
Ngokubala okujwayelekile, i- ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokukhiqiza zomhlaba wonke (njengoba kwenzeka njengoba ubonile ngenhla) ngoba kungenzeka ngale ndlela ukwenza ukuqhathaniswa kwamanani atholakele kusukela kunyazi lwezinto eziphilayo esikalini sendawo futhi kuba nomthelela ekujwayeleni okuphelele kwenkomba.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla
Ukuthola isisekelo semvelo ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla, kwenziwa ngendlela ehlukile ngokuya ngomthombo wamandla ozocatshangelwa.
Okokubasa ezimbiwa phansi. Umthombo oyinhloko wamandla osetshenzisiwe, yize kuncipha ngenxa yamandla avuselelekayo, okwenzeka emvelweni ilinganisa indawo yokumuncwa kwe-CO2.
Lokhu kutholakala ekusetshenzisweni okuphelele kwamandla, kokubili okuqondile futhi okuhambisana nokukhiqizwa nokusatshalaliswa kwezimpahla nezinsizakalo ezisetshenzisiwe, kwehlukaniswe ngumthamo wokulungiswa kwe-CO2 wendawo yehlathi.
Ukubalwa okusele
Lapho ukusetshenziswa sekubaliwe futhi izinkomba zomkhiqizo zisetshenzisiwe, singaba ne- kucatshangelwe izindawo ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza (izitshalo, amadlelo, amahlathi, ulwandle noma izindawo zokufakelwa).
Isigaba ngasinye sinemikhiqizo ehlukile yemvelo (isibonelo: ihektha elilodwa lesitshalo likhiqiza kakhulu kunelilodwa lolwandle), futhi ngaphambi kokuzengeza kudingekile ukuthi uqhubeke kulokho okuchazwa njengokujwayelekile.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, indawo ngayinye Kukalwa ngezici zokulingana eziveza ubudlelwano phakathi komkhiqizo wezinto eziphilayo wesigaba ngasinye sendawo maqondana nokukhiqiza okujwayelekile kobuso beplanethi.
Ngalo mqondo, iqiniso lokuthi isici sokulingana kwamahlathi singu-1,37 sisho ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwehektha elilodwa lehlathi kune, ngokwesilinganiso, ukukhiqiza okungaphezulu kwama-37% kunomkhiqizo omaphakathi wendawo yonke.wendawo yokukhiqiza yomhlaba.
Lapho nje izici zokulingana sezisetshenzisiwe esigabeni ngasinye sendawo ebaliwe, manje sesinakho lokungcolisa imvelo okuvezwe kulokho okwaziwa ngamahektha omhlaba (gha).
Futhi ngakho konke lokhu uma singaqhubeka ukuzengeza zonke futhi ngaleyo ndlela sithole isisekelo semvelo semvelo.
Bala isinyathelo sakho semvelo
Wake wazibuza ukuthi "imvelo" yakho yokuphila idinga malini? Uhlu lwemibuzo "I-footprint yemvelo" ibala inani lomhlaba nolwandle oludingekayo ukuze gcina izindlela zakho zokusebenzisa futhi umunce udoti wakho minyaka yonke.
Njengephethini ejwayelekile, lawa mathuluzi ajwayele ukubhekana nezindawo ezilandelayo:
- Amandla: Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ekhaya. Izibalo zomhlaba wonke ngohlobo lwamandla ngonyaka, kanye nezindleko ezihilelekile.
- Amanzi: Ukulinganiswa kwamaphesenti wokusetshenziswa ngokwesilinganiso kanye nemiphumela yokwenza isitayela sakho sokusebenzisa amanzi.
- Ezokuthutha: Mangaki amathuba aphelele ongawenza iplanethi ngokungeza konke ukufuduka ngonyaka.
- Ukusingathwa nezinto zokwakha: Inani likadoti owenziwe ekhaya ngomuntu ngamunye namaphesenti wezinto ezisetshenziswayo.
Ngemuva kokuphendula Imibuzo elula engu-27 Ku-MyFootPrint, uzokwazi ukuqhathanisa umkhondo wakho wezemvelo nowabanye abantu bese uthola ukuthi singawunciphisa kanjani umthelela wethu eMhlabeni.
Vakashela ikhasi unyawo lwami bese uphendula imibuzo.
Ukube wonke umuntu ubephila futhi ephila ngendlela efanayo ebesingayidinga 1,18 Imihlaba, Ngidlula kancane kakhulu yize eminyakeni yamuva nje yehlile kusukela lapho ngiqala ukufunda ngomqondo wokungcola kwemvelo ngikwenzile futhi ngiyakhumbula ukuthi bengingu-1,40, ngakho-ke sisendleleni efanele.
Ungathathi hlangothi izinyathelo zethu zemvelo
Ukungcola komhlaba
para ukwakheka kwezinyawo zemvelo eSpain into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukala kwamandla, ukuba nesabelo esingu-68%, ngaphezu kuka-50% osungulwe emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi ingxenye esemqoka yalesi sinyathelo (amandla okunyatheliswa kwamandla) ukukhiqizwa kwe- izimpahla zabathengi ezinama-47,5%, lokhu ibalwa ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuqondile nangamandla aqukethwe yizimpahla ezingenisiwe.
Bese kuthi endaweni yesibili sibe nomkhakha wezokuthutha nokuhamba ono-23,4% kuthi owesithathu ube no-11,2%.
Ngokuya ngale mininingwane, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ISpain inokushoda kwemvelo kwamahektha amane kumuntu ngamunye, okungukuthi, amahektha ayizigidi eziyi-175 ezweni lonke.
Ngamafuphi, minyaka yonke abantu baseSpain badinga ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezi-2,5 insimu yayo ukuze ikwazi ukusekela izinga lempilo kanye nenani labantu. Ngakho-ke, sinokushoda kwemvelo okungaphezu kwesilinganiso se-EU futhi okukhombisa ukuthi iSpain inendawo kuphela yokunikeza ukudla nemikhiqizo yehlathi kubantu abakhona manje.
Kepha into ebalulekile lapha ukuthi uma nje sesithole imiphumela yezidalwa zemvelo kufanele sikunciphise.
Ukunciphisa umkhondo womhlaba wonke noma ezingeni lomuntu akuyona into ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imikhuba emihle yokusimama njengokusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwamanzi, ukusetshenziswa kwezithuthi zomphakathi noma enye indlela engangcolisi, yokuphinda isebenze kabusha, ukusetshenziswa kwama-light light light, i-insulation amafasitela nezicabha, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusebenza ezisebenza kahle kanye nokunye okude njll.
La masiko alula (abiza kancane ekuqaleni kodwa ekugcineni abe yingxenye yezimpilo zethu) kungaba nomthelela ekongeni amandla asekhaya cishe u-9% ikhaya ngalinye.