Phakathi kwemithombo ehlukene yamandla esinawo ekhaya igesi yemvelo. Nokho, abantu abaningi abazi liyini igesi yemvelo, lapho ikhishwa khona nokuthi iguqulwa kanjani ibe amandla. Igesi yemvelo iwukubasa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi okuthi, njengamalahle noma uwoyela, yenziwe ngama-hydrocarbon, ingxube yama-molecule akhiwe nge-carbon ne-athomu ye-hydrogen. Ucwaningo oluyindida lokuma komhlaba kanye nolwemvelo kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthola nokusebenzisa amadiphozithi egesi akhiqizwa ngaphansi komhlaba amakhulu ezinkulungwane zeminyaka yokusebenza kwamagciwane.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi iyini igesi yemvelo, yiziphi izici zayo, ukuthi ivelaphi nokuthi isetshenziselwa ini.
Iyini igesi yemvelo
I-Methane (CH4) iyingxenye eyinhloko yegesi yemvelo, nakuba iqukethe namanye ama-hydrocarbon alula ngezilinganiso ezincane kakhulu, njenge-ethane (C2H6), i-propane (C3H8), i-butane (C4H10) noma i-pentane (C5H12). Ngokuvamile itholakala ku-85% exutshwe ne-ethane engu-10%, i-propane engu-3%, i-0,1% ye-butane kanye ne-0,7% ye-nitrogen. Wonke anamaphuzu okubila aphansi kakhulu, afinyelela ku-158,9°C uma kuyi-methane. Nakuba ama-hydrocarbon anama-athomu ekhabhoni angu-5-10 enguketshezi emazingeni okushisa avamile, lawa ma-hydrocarbon anesisindo esiphansi se-molecular (angaphansi kwama-athomu ekhabhoni angu-5) akusimo segesi noma somoya.
Ukuze kukhishwe amandla aqukethwe ku-CH chemical bond, inqubo yomlilo kufanele yenziwe. ukuvutha kuyinto ukusabela kwe-oxidative (exothermic) kukaphethiloli (igesi) ngenye i-oxidant (umoya) ebizwa ngokuthi i-oxidizer. Lolu shintsho luhambisana nokukhululwa kokushisa, into evame ukubonwa ngamalangabi akha umthombo wokukhanya nokushisa. Ukuze ukusha kwenzeke, uphethiloli kanye ne-oxidant kufanele kuthintane ngesilinganiso esifanele, futhi ingxube kufanele ibe ezingeni lokushisa elingaphezu kwezinga layo lokushisa.
Ukuthatha umoya njengereferensi, ukuminyana kwesihlobo segesi yemvelo kusuka ku-0,6 kuya ku-0,66, okungukuthi, kuncane kakhulu noma kusinda kakhulu kunomoya. Inani layo lekhalori, noma ukushisa okukhishwe ngeyunithi ngayinye yevolumu yokusha okuphelele, isuka ku-6,6 iye ku-12 te/m3.
Yenzelwe ini
Igesi yemvelo ekuqaleni yayisetshenziswa njengomthombo wamandla ukukhanyisa amadolobha ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokukhanyisa igesi yomphakathi. Kamuva, lapho kufika ugesi, lokhu kusetshenziswa kwanyamalala, nakuba ukukhishwa kwegesi yemvelo akuzange kusetshenziswe kwezinye izinqubo. Ngakho, phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwakamuva kwegesi yemvelo, sithola okulandelayo.
Igesi yemvelo isiphenduke uphethiloli owodwa, osetshenziswa kabanzi ukukhiqiza amandla kagesi ezitshalweni zamandla asebenza kahle kakhulu, ukusebenza kwama-boilers okuhlala nezimboni, ngisho nezokuthutha, njengoba namuhla ingasetshenziswa njengamafutha ezimotweni, njengezimoto. noma amabhasi.
Ngo-2008, iSpain yadla i-450.726 GWh yegesi yemvelo, i-10,1% ngaphezu konyaka odlule. Ngo-2008, igesi yemvelo yabalelwa ku-24% wamandla ayinhloko eSpain. Kakade ngo-1985, lesi sibalo sasiyi-2% kuphela, esibonisa ukukhula nokubaluleka kwalo mthombo wamandla eSpain, hhayi nje ngombono wemvelo, kodwa futhi njengesici sokuncintisana kwezinkampani zaseSpain.
Ngomqondo obanzi, kungashiwo ukuthi igesi yemvelo inokusetshenziswa okufanayo namalahle, ikakhulukazi okuphuma kuwoyela, ngoba iwukubasa izinto ezimbiwa phansi, futhi ngokuyishisa kungatholakala amandla angasetshenziselwa izidingo zabantu.
Igesi yemvelo iyithinta kanjani imvelo?
Igesi yemvelo inguphethiloli ngokuvamile onedumela elihle, naphezu kokuba umthombo wezinsalela zamathambo namandla angcolisayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uma isha ikhipha igesi ebamba ukushisa eyinhloko, i-CO2, emkhathini. Nokho, idumela layo elihle livela eqinisweni lokuthi ngesikhathi sokusha, igesi idedelwa emkhathini ngamanani amancane uma kuqhathaniswa namagesi avela kuwoyela namalahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esinye isizathu esenza ihluke kulawa mafutha ukuthi ayikhiphi i-sulphur dioxide, enye yamagesi angcolisayo emkhathini wasemadolobheni nesinye sezimbangela eziyinhloko zemvula eneasidi.
Lokhu kuye kwaholela, kwabanye, ukuba kubhekwe amandla enguquko. Ngamanye amazwi, umthombo wamandla okuthi, nakuba ungcolisa kakhulu, unomthelela omncane emvelweni, ingase isuke kuwoyela iye kumalahle njengomthombo wamandla kuze kube yilapho amandla ahlanzekile esetshenziswa ngokugcwele. Kodwa kufanele kucace ukuthi igesi yemvelo ingamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, okusho ukuthi inguphethiloli ongcolisayo, ongavuseleleki, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungasetshenziswa noma cha njengomthombo wamandla wesikhashana. Funda kabanzi ngalesi sihloko kwenye indatshana yeGreen Ecology yokuthi kungani igesi yemvelo ingewona umthombo wamandla avuselelekayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, nakuba igesi yemvelo ikhipha isikhutha esincane emkhathini lapho isha, kuvamile ukuba ingxenye enkulu yegesi yemvelo ikhishelwe emkhathini lapho ikhishwa. Lokhu kuholela ekwandeni kwenani le-methane emoyeni, enye igesi ebamba ukushisa enkulu enomthelela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu kanye ne-carbon dioxide. Ngamanye amazwi, nakuba iwumthombo wamandla angangcolisi kangako kunowoyela namalahle, awuwona umthombo wamandla ahlanzekile, futhi awuwona umthombo wamandla ongenamthelela ongekho emvelweni, njengoba ezinye zezinkampani eziwuthengisayo zingathanda ukuba sikholwe. .
Sesikushilo lokho, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi iwumthombo wamandla okuthi, nakuba ungeyona imvelo, eyingozi kangako emhlabeni kunamanye ama-fossil. Ngale ndlela, nakuba kungeyona inketho engcono kakhulu esingayikhetha, kuze kube yilapho uguquko lwamandla olusekelwe emandleni ahlanzekile navuselelekayo lungaqaliswa ngokugcwele, inganciphisa kakhulu umthelela wamanye amafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi emhlabeni.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi iyini igesi yemvelo nokuthi yiziphi izici zayo.