Njengamanje eBrazil kuhlala izizwe ezizungeze ama-305 ezinabantu ababalelwa ku-900.000. Iningi labo likhona izizwe ze-amazon. Indlela yabo yokuphila beyinikezelwe ekuthuthukiseni ngaphakathi kwemvelo ye-Amazon. Basebenzisa imithombo yemvelo futhi bazihlukanise nomhlaba wonke. Kodwa-ke, iningi lalezi zizwe lisongelwa yizintshisekelo zezomnotho zohulumeni abahlukahlukene abasebenza e-Amazon.
Kule ndatshana sizokhuluma ngezizwe zase-Amazon nokuthi imithelela yohulumeni izithinta kanjani izimpilo zabo.
Izizwe ze-Amazon
Uhulumeni uyakubona cishe ziyi-690 izindawo ezinabantu bomdabu. Ngaphandle kokuthi ukwanda kwamadolobha nokuxhumana okuqhubekayo nomphakathi wonkana kube nomthelela endleleni yempilo yalezi zizwe, yize bekunamacala amaningi lapho kugcinwa khona ulimi namasiko. Lezi zizwe zihlushwa ukwebiwa okuqhubekayo kokungena emazweni abo. Isibonelo, abantu bendabuko abaningi kakhulu amaGuaraní. Lesi sakhamuzi sinezakhamizi ezingaba ngu-51.000 futhi sesilahlekelwe umkhuba omningi endaweni yaso. Cishe wonke umhlaba ongowabo untshontshiwe waguqulwa waba ngamanethiwekhi amakhulu ezolimo nemfuyo.
Izitshalo ezisakazeke kakhulu kulezi zindawo yizinsimu zesoya nomoba. Ngenxa yesidingo sokuba nensimu yemfuyo ngenxa yesidingo senyama emhlabeni wonke, lezi zizwe zisongela izindlela zazo zokuphila namasiko azo. Lesi simo sokwebiwa kwensimu besilokhu siqhubeka eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule. Lokhu kuphoqe imiphakathi eminingi ukuthi ihlale ezindaweni ezithile ezigcwele ngokweqile kanti eminye yakha izindawo zokukhosela ezincane emaphethelweni ezikhwama zemali.
Abantu bomdabu okuthi, yize bengebona baningi kakhulu, babe yizwe kakhulu yiYanomami. Bahlala kumahektha ayizigidi ezingama-9,4 enyakatho ye-Amazon. Inani labantu linabantu abangu-19.000. Indawo abahlala kuyo ingeyosayizi ofana nezwe lase-Indiana.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sithola isizwe esakhiwa yindoda eyodwa ehlala esiqeshini esincane sehlathi esizungezwe amapulazi ezinkomo namasimu amasoyi. Lo muntu ngokuqhubekayo uvikela ukuthintana nabangaphandle. Iningi lezizwe zakwa-Amazon azithandi ukufinyelela ngisho kubantu abayinkulungwane. Esinye sezizwe esidume kakhulu yi i-Awá yakhiwa ngabantu abangama-450.
AmaNdiya aqhelile
Iningi lalezi zinhlanga zabomdabu eBrazil zitholakala ezindaweni ezisemingceleni yezwe lase-Acre. Baphinde badlulele ezindaweni ezithile ezivikelekile njengeJavarí Valley, eseduze nomngcele wasePeruvia. Amanye amaqembu asehlakazeke kakhulu ngoba angabasindile bezizwe ezihlukaniswe yimithelela yokujaha injoloba nokwandiswa kwezolimo nemfuyo eminyakeni edlule. Abanye abazulazulayo Bacishe bakha amaqembu abantu abangama-20 ngokuqhubekayo babalekela abafuyi nabagawuli abagasela ezweni labo.
Njengoba ukuxhashazwa komhlaba kanye nengcindezi kahulumeni yanda, abantu bomdabu abazihlukanisayo baba sengozini ngokwengeziwe, ngokuhlaselwa ngobudlova kwesinye isikhathi. Baphinde bathintwe ezinye izifo ezivamile kwenye indawo, njengomkhuhlane kanye nesimungumungwane, abangenalo igciwane kuzo.
Indlela yokuphila yezizwe ze-Amazon
Ukuze baphile maphakathi nehlathi, laba bantu kufanele bazi amasu ahlukene okusinda. Iningi lalezi zizwe zihlala emahlathini, njengama-savanna kanye nasemifuleni eqoqa futhi idoba. Basebenzisa ukutshalwa kwezitshalo ukuthola ukudla nemithi. Imvamisa basebenzisa ezinye zezitshalo ezibazungezile ukwakha izindlu nokwenza izitsha abazokusebenzisa empilweni yabo yosuku nosuku. Isibonelo, bayakwazi ukwenza i-hammock enezintambo zaseBrazil zamantongomane.
Banamachweba anezilimo eziyisisekelo kakhulu njengowomdumbula, ubhatata, ubhanana, uphayinaphu nommbila. Baphendukela ekuzingeleni izilwane ezinjengezinkawu, izinyoni, ama-tapir nama-peccaries, phakathi kokunye. Isizwe ngasinye sakha inqubo yaso yokuzingela nokuqoqa. Isizwe samaMatis basebenzisa izibhamu ezinde ngaphakathi ezinemicibisholo enobuthi ukuze babambe inyamazane. Ezinye izizwe zisebenzisa umnsalo nomcibisholo kanti ezinye zisebenzisa ngisho nezibhamu.
Okunye ukudla kwabo okujwayelekile amantongomane, amajikijolo nezinye izithelo ezifana ne-açaí nentende yamapentshisi. Uju lwezinyosi luvamise ukujatshulelwa cishe nsuku zonke. Inhlanzi ingukudla okubalulekile ngoba ihlanganisa izidingo zamaprotheni. Ukuze bathungathe izinhlanzi futhi bazibambe, basebenzisa ushevu owaziwa nge-timbo.
Kunabantu abathile njengama-Awá namaMakus atholakala enyakatho-ntshonalanga futhi angaxhunyanisiwe nezinye izizwe noma nabangaphandle. Lezi zizwe zingabazingeli-abaqoqi bezitokofela, okungukuthi, abanayo indawo yokuhlala yokuhlala, kepha bahlala behamba ngokuya ngokufunwa nokutholakala kokudla. Ukuze baphile ngale ndlela, bangagcina kuphela izinto ezimbalwa. Yile ndlela abakwazi ukuhamba ngayo kalula futhi ngokushesha ehlathini. Bayakwazi ukwenza izindawo zokukhosela ngezithombo ezincane namahlamvu esundu ngamahora ambalwa nje.
Cishe bonke abantu bomdabu emqondweni wabo banamamephu anemininingwane eminingi ngomhlaba, ubume bendawo, izitshalo nezilwane nokuthi ziphi izindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokuzingela. Lawa mabalazwe engqondo atholakala ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane njengoba ekhula futhi ehamba nabantu abadala ekuzingeleni. Ukuzingela kuvame ukwenziwa ebusuku kusetshenziswa amathoshi enziwe ngenhlaka yezinye izihlahla.
Ukuze ukwazi ukuhlala kulezi zimo udinga ulwazi olunzulu ngezitshalo nezilwane. Ngakho-ke, lezi zizwe ze-Amazon badlala indima ebalulekile ekongweni kwemvelo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezizwe zase-Amazon.