ESpain, ukufunwa kwamandla kuhlanganiswa ngezindlela eziningi. Iphesenti liya kumafutha wezinto ezimbiwa phansi, njengamalahle no-oyela, nelinye iphesenti emandleni avuselelekayo. Isidingo sikagesi eSpain sihlale sihlala njalo ngemuva kokunyuka okwengeziwe nokuncipha eminyakeni yamuva. Kulokhu, sizokhuluma ngokuhlukile izikhungo zokuphehla ugesi ngamalahle yini ezweni lethu nokuthi basebenza kanjani.
Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi isidingo sikagesi sihlanganiswa kanjani nokuthi amaphesenti abiwa kanjani emkhakheni ngamunye, qhubeka nje ufunde 🙂
Ukufuneka kukagesi eSpain
Isidingo sethu sikagesi ezweni lonke sibhalise ukwehla ngonyaka wezi-2014. Ukutholakala kwesidingo samandla kwahlukaniswa kwaba imikhakha eminingi ukufeza izinhloso ngesikhathi. Ama-22% wamandla esewonke ezweni ahlinzekwe yimithombo yenuzi. Amandla enyukliya adala impikiswano enkulu emikhakheni eminingi yomphakathi. Kukhona bonke labo abavikeli abathi kungamandla ahlanzekile futhi aphephile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunabahlehli, abavikela ubungozi bemfucuza yabo nezingozi zenuzi ezingaba khona njengaleyo eyenzeka eFukushima ngo-2011.
Amandla omoya, ahlanzekile futhi avuseleleka, anikeze ama-20,3% wesidingo samandla eSpain. Ukuphendukela entweni ebalulekile, amalahle, kufinyelele ku-16,5% wamandla akhiqizwayo. Ku-100% womkhiqizo kagesi oshiswa ngamalahle, Ama-86% asatshalaliswa phakathi kwezitshalo eziyishumi ezaziwa kakhulu ezisebenzisa amandla okushisa.
Isitshalo samandla esishisayo saseMeirama
Lesi sitshalo samandla kagesi esishisayo sigcina ekugcineni ezingeni lokuba yisona esikhiqiza amandla amancane kakhulu. Iphethwe yiGesi Natural Fenosa. Kungumjikelezo ojwayelekile ukufakwa kwe-thermoelectric. Itholakala esifundeni saseMeirama (A Coruña). Umthamo wokukhiqiza ugesi uku-563 MW. Sebenzisa amalahle ukwenza uphethiloli.
Yaqala ukusebenza ngoDisemba 1980 futhi yathathwa njengenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezweni lonke. Ukutshalwa kwemali kubize ama-pesetas ayizigidi ezingama-60.000. Yakhelwe kwidiphozi ye-lignite. Ngale ndlela, bakwazile ukusebenzisa leli phethiloli ukukhiqiza ugesi. Izinsalela ezivela ezimayini zalinganiselwa kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-85.
Ukukhishwa kwegesi kwenziwa ngoshimula ophakeme wamamitha angama-200, nobubanzi obungamamitha ayi-18 phansi kanye no-11 emlonyeni.
Isikhungo Samandla Esishisayo saseLos Barrios
Yisitshalo samandla esishisayo esivuthayo esisebenza ngamalahle esitholakala kumasipala waseLos Barrios (Cádiz). Amandla ayo azungeze i-589 MW, ngakho-ke liseduze nelaseMeirama. Ekuqaleni kokwakhiwa kwayo, inkampani eyayiphethe kwakuyiSevillana Electricidad. Kamuva, le nkampani yamuncwa u-Endesa. NgoJuni 2008, inkampani i-E.
Amalahle asetshenziswa ukukhiqiza amandla awuhlobo lwamalahle. Inezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zobuchwepheshe nezemvelo ngenxa yenani lazo eliphakeme lekhalori nokuqukethwe kwesibabule okuphansi.
Isikhungo samandla esishisayo saseNarcea
Lesi sitshalo ukujikeleza okuvamile kwe-thermoelectric. Itholakala kumasipala wase-Asturias. Unayo amaqembu amathathu ashisayo we-55,5, 166,6 no-364,1 MW, ngokulandelana. Lokhu kwenza amandla ayo wonke abe yi-596 MW. Lesi sitshalo saqala ukusebenza ekuqaleni kwawo-60. Namuhla singesakwaGesi Natural Fenosa.
Yenzelwe ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa uphethiloli wamalahle asesigodini soMfula iNarcea. La malahle akhishwa ezimayini ezisemikhandlwini yaseTineo, eCangas del Narcea, eDegaña naseIbias, nasendaweni yaseVillablino eLeón.
Isikhungo samandla esishisayo seSoto de la Ribera
Futhi etholakala e-Asturias cishe nge-7 km ukusuka e-Oviedo, yakhiwe ngamayunithi amabili enza. Amandla aphelele acishe abe yi-604 MW. Inamaqembu amabili amasha wemijikelezo ehlangene ebizwa ngeSoto 4 neSoto 5.
ICentral de la Robla
Lesi sitshalo esakwaGesi Natural Fenosa futhi siyisikhungo esijwayelekile somjikelezo oshiswa ngamalahle. Itholakala eduze komfula iBernesga, kumasipala waseLa Robla. Amandla ayo cishe angama-655 MW. Itholakale endaweni yamasu esiza ngokuxhumana okuhle kwemigwaqo nezitimela. Itholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-945.
Amalahle ewadlayo aqhamuka ikakhulu ezindaweni eziseduze zaseSanta Lucía, eCiñera naseMatallana, efinyelela esitshalweni ngomgwaqo nangebhande lokuhambisa. Inokusetshenziswa okukhulu kwansuku zonke kwamalahle okulinganiselwa kumathani ayi-6.000.
I-Aboño Central
Itholakala phakathi komasipala baseGijon naseCarreño. Ukuba seduze ne-Aceralia Factory eVeriña, kungasebenzisa wonke amagesi ensimbi asele. Ngale ndlela bonga ekukhiqizeni amandla. Amandla ayo afakiwe cishe angama-921 MW. Inamayunithi amabili wokukhiqiza.
Amalahle awuhlobo lwamalahle, olwezwe nolwamazwe angaphandle. Lezi zingxenye ezimbili ezikhiqiza amandla zisebenzisa izinto zokubasa ezihlukene, zombili eziqinile, eziwuketshezi nezinegesi.
I-Andorra Ephakathi
Etholakala eTeruel, yaziwa kangcono njengesiteshi samandla esishisayo sase-Andorra. Kuyisikhungo se-thermoelectric esisebenzisa amalahle e-lignite njengophethiloli. Iphethwe ngabakwa-Endesa namuhla. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kukwi-1.101 MW, yingakho ithathwa njengenye yaleyo ekhiqiza amandla kakhulu.
Ushimula wayo omude kunayo yonke ungamamitha angama-343 ukuphakama. I-lignite esetshenzisiwe inesibabule esingu-7% kuphela. Lesi sitshalo sinamaqembu amathathu esizukulwane.
Isitshalo samandla esishisayo seLittoral
Itholakala eCarboneras (Almería) futhi inamaqembu amabili enza amandla afinyelela amandla we-1.158 MW. Okwamanje ngeka-Endesa futhi ibe nomthelela omkhulu ezinhlelweni zezenhlalo nezomnotho zase-Andalusi nase-Almeria, ikakhulukazi endaweni yaseCarboneras.
Ngaphandle kwakho konke lokhu, uthole isitifiketi se-ISO 14001 sokuphathwa kwemvelo nge-AENOR.
ICompostilla Central
Yisitshalo samandla esishisayo esivamile esikhiqiza amandla amaningi. Itholakala eduze kwechibi laseBárcena eliqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamanzi. Okwe-Endesa futhi amandla ayo ayi-1.200 MW.
IPuentes de García Rodríguez isitshalo samandla esishisayo
Yisitshalo samandla esishisayo esikhiqiza amandla amaningi kakhulu ngokusebenzisa amalahle kulo lonke elaseSpain. Itholakala kumasipala wase-As Pontes futhi iyindawo ejwayelekile yokuphehla ugesi. Inamaqembu amane e-generator. Lesi sitshalo sithole ku-AENOR isitifiketi sokuphathwa kwemvelo se-ISO 14001, esiqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi yaso yenziwa ngendlela ehlonipha imvelo.
Umthamo wayo wokukhiqiza yi-1468 MW. Okwamanje ngeka-Endesa.
Ngalolu lwazi uzokwazi izitshalo zamandla ezishisayo eSpain nokuthi zikhiqiza amandla amangakanani.