Emkhakheni wokuhlola indawo ezungezile, izinyoni zidlala indima ebalulekile njengoba zisebenza njengezinkomba zesimo sendawo esizungezile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusemadolobheni aphithizelayo noma ezindaweni zasemaphandleni ezinokuthula. Inhlangano ye-SEO/Birdlife igqamisa ukuthi kukulezi zindawo zasemakhaya lapho ukwehla kwenani lezinyoni kugqame kakhulu. Ukwaziswa kwabo kwembula ukuthi ezinhlotsheni zezinyoni ezingaba ngu-300 ezivikelwe eSpain, ezingu-137 zibhekene nezinsongo zamazinga ahlukahlukene ezibeka ukuphila kwazo engozini.
Kulesi sihloko sizohlola ukuthi yiziphi izinyoni ezisengozini eSpain kanye nesimo sayo samanje.
Izimbangela zokuwohloka kwendawo ehlala izinyoni
Ngokusebenzisa i-monocultures, kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali kanye nokuqeda izithiyo, izinqubo zezolimo ziye zaqina. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuqina kubangele ukungabikho kwezinambuzane, izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezincane, amagundane futhi ekugcineni izinyoni emasimini ethu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela umthelela wale mikhuba empilweni ye-ecosystem.
Umthelela wezinto ezenziwa abantu ezindaweni ezingokwemvelo zalezi zidalwa zezinyoni uziphoqa ukuthi ziphephele ezakhiweni zamanje nasezingadini zasemadolobheni, nakuba kunezinselele ezinkulu. Izinyoni zikuthola kunzima ukujwayela imvelo esizidalele yona, lapho ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nokushiywa kwezindawo zasemakhaya kwenza kube nzima ukuthi zithole okusanhlamvu kanye nenyamazane encane ezithembele kuyo ukuze ziphile.
Izinyoni ezisengozini yokushabalala eSpain
i-cantabrian capercaillie
Ukulondolozwa kwamahlathi asezintabeni kufanekiselwa yiCantabrian capercaillie, inyoni eyaziwa ngezici zayo ezihlukile njengomsila wayo ogqamile, amashiya abomvu kanye nemikhuba yokukhwelana eyingqayizivele. Ngeshwa, abantu baseCantabrian balolu hlobo lwezilwane okwamanje babhekene nesimo esibi, esisogwini lokushabalala.
I-capercaillie ibhekene nesimo esibucayi sokongiwa kwemvelo, njengoba isinyamalele ezindaweni eziningi ezisenyakatho yeCastilla y León kanye ibe nokwehla okuphawulekayo kwama-30% eCatalonia. E-Aragon, inani labantu lehla laba ngaphansi kwamadoda angama-40 ngo-2011, futhi manje selithathwa njengongekho eGalicia. Ubukhona be-capercaillie cishe abukho e-Cantabria nase-Navarra, okubonisa ubucayi besimo sayo sokongiwa kwemvelo.
Indlela lesi silwane esiyethemba ngayo nokungaziphathi kahle ikwenza kube inselele ukusibona njengoba sihlala sithule cishe unyaka wonke. Kodwa-ke, izinyathelo zabo kanye namaconsi kungasiza ekubonweni kwabo. Uma usube nenhlanhla yokuyithola, ukubukeka kwayo kuhlaba umxhwele ngempela, ikakhulukazi uma indiza kahle.
itshe lemabula
Leli dada, elihlotshiswe ngamathoni ansundu ahlukile, selizakhele njengenyoni eqansa izidleke emlonyeni we-Guadalquivir, enemihlambi engaphezu kwabantu abayinkulungwane.
Isibalo samanje sokuzalanisa kwalolu hlobo eSpain siyahlukahluka kakhulu ngenxa ukwehluka kwekhwalithi yendawo yokuhlala. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile kuba ngamapheya angama-200. Iningi lalaba bantu, abamele i-80% yabantu, batholakala endaweni engamaxhaphozi i-El Hondo e-Alicante. Ngeshwa, lolu hlobo selucishe lwanyamalala njengohlobo lokuzalanisa phakathi kwemingcele yeDoñana National Park.
I-Shrike Encane
Ezweni lakithi, le nyoni ihlukaniswa ngokuthi "Isengozini Ebucayi" ngenxa yokungatholakali kwayo e-avifauna yase-Iberia, okwenza kube uphawu lokuncipha kwezinyoni zezolimo. Ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke ezibhekene nezinyoni ukuqina kwezolimo. Izazi zemvelo zigcizelela isidingo sakho kokubili uhlelo olubanzi lokongiwa kwemvelo kanye nezinqubomgomo zezolimo ezisekela ukulondolozwa kwezinhlobo zezinyoni ezindaweni zokulima.
Ukwehla kwenani labantu balolu hlobo, oludla kakhulu izinambuzane, kugqamisa isimo esisengozini sezinyoni ezihlobene nezilimo eSpain. Lezi zinyoni zitholakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezithize nezicezile zase-Aragon naseCatalonia.
I-Balearic Shearwater
Indlela yokushabalala yale nyoni ethile yasolwandle ihlala injalo futhi ihamba kancane, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yendawo elinganiselwe yokuzalela kwayo eziQhingini zaseBalearic. Njengoba inenani elincane lokuzalanisa lamapheya angu-3.193 kuphela, inezici ezichazayo zolunye lwezinhlobo zezinyoni ezisengozini kakhulu.
Ukwehla kwalezi zilwane kungase kubangelwe kakhulu ukudlelwa amakoloni azo azalela kuzo ngezilwane ezincelisayo ezethulwe, ikakhulukazi amagundane namakati, futhi, ngokwezinga elincane, ekufeni ngengozi okudalwe ukubhajwa ezinsizeni zokudoba.
Ucwaningo lwango-2004 lwagqamisa isimo esiyingozi se-Balearic shearwater futhi lwabikezela ukwehla okungaholela ekushabalaleni kwalezi zilwane phakathi namashumi ambalwa eminyaka. Ngeshwa, naphezu kweminyaka engaphezu kweshumi edlule, amathuba alolu hlobo awakabi ngcono.
Ngokwemiphumela yocwaningo, i-shearwater i-Balearic isengcupheni yokushabalala, naphezu kwezinguquko eziningi ezenzekile.
ikhayithi elibomvu
Ikhayithi ebomvu, inyoni edla inyama ephakathi nendawo, iye yabhekana nokwehla okukhulu kwenani labantu ezikhathini zamuva nje, futhi i-Doñana Natural Area isaqhubeka nokuba ngenye yezindawo ezimbalwa ezisele zokuzalanisa lezi zilwane e-Andalusia. Ukuntuleka kokukhiqiza okushaqisayo kuphawulwe endaweni eyinqaba yaseDoñana ngo-2015 iphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokushabalala okungenzeka kwe-kite ebomvu e-Andalusia. Le nyoni ethile ihlukaniswa ngokuthi "isengozini" eNcwadini Ebomvu Yezinyoni ZaseSpain futhi "isengozini enkulu" ku-Red Book of Endangered Vertebrates yase-Andalusia.
Ukusinda kwama-kite abomvu asele eSpain kusengozini ngenxa yezinto ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezinobuthi, ukuhlangana okubulalayo nezintambo zikagesi kanye nokuncintisana nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni. Ukhozi lwase-Iberia nalo luyimbangela yalolu songo.
I-Iberian Imperial Eagle
Ukhozi lwase-Iberia, inyoni osenqenqemeni lokuqothulwa, lubhekene nosongo olukhulu lwezintambo zikagesi. Indawo yale raptor ikhawulelwe endaweni esentshonalanga yeMedithera futhi izalela kakhulu eningizimu-ntshonalanga namaphakathi neSpain.
Ukufa okudabukisayo kwalezi zilwane kuwumphumela wokushayisana, lapho zishayisana ngokungazi nocingo olungabonakali, noma ukucisha ugesi, lapho zihlale ocingweni olungenawo amandla okubamba amanzi.
Ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-15, Ingqikithi yezinkozi eziyi-120 ziye zabhubha kabuhlungu ngenxa yalesi sizathu, okushiya ngambili kuphela ezizalanisayo ezingaba ngu-220. Naphezu kwenqubekelaphambili ethile ekubuyiseleni abantu, kubalulekile ukuthi siqhubeke nokusebenzisa amasu okongiwa kwemvelo ukuze siqinisekise ukusimama kwawo ngokugcwele.
Ngokusho kongoti, akuwona umsebenzi kahulumeni kuphela ukwaba izimali zokulondoloza ingqalasizinda kagesi, kodwa wumsebenzi wezinkampani zikagesi ukuthi zifake isandla. Nokho, imithethonqubo ekhona ibeka umthwalo onzima wezezimali kuHulumeni kanye Nemiphakathi Ezizimele lapho kulungiswa izintambo zikagesi, kuyilapho lezi zinkampani zingathintwa imiphumela yezingozi ezibangelwa nengqalasizinda yazo.
Osprey
Kuwuphawu oluhlukile lwe-Aragonese Pyrenees ngenxa yekhono layo eliyingqayizivele lokudla amathambo. Le nyoni emangalisayo edla inyama inenani elikhulu lamangqamuzana akhiqiza i-asidi asizayo ekugayeni ukudla kwayo okuyinselele.
Emashumini amabili nje eminyaka, inqe elinentshebe Isukile enyoni ebhekene nezinsongo ezinzima endaweni ekhanga izivakashi enkulu yezakhamuzi zendawo ezihlala ezindaweni ezisezintabeni ezizibiza ngokuthi yikhaya.
I-Bearded Vulture Conservation Foundation (BVCF) ikwazile ukwandisa inani lale nyoni ebabazekayo e-Aragon, ngenxa yemizamo yayo. Njengoba inezimpiko ezifinyelela kumamitha amathathu ububanzi, le nyoni ibonakala kalula ngamehlo ayo anombala obomvu kanye nekhanda elimhlophe elihlukile.
Naphezu kwemizamo eqhubekayo yokulondoloza inani labantu bawo, amanqe anentshebe ahlala ePyrenees naseSierra de Guara asabhekene nayo. izingozi ezibalulekile ezivela ezintanjeni zikagesi, imikhiqizo ye-rodenticide, neminye imisebenzi ethile yokuzijabulisa.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezinyoni ezisengozini yokushabalala eSpain kanye nesimo sazo samanje.