Isanda kushicilelwa yi I-International Agency ye Amandla, iBhange Lomhlaba, i-International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) phakathi kwezinye izinhlangano zamazwe amaningi idokodo elinesihloko esithi “Amandla Asimeme abo bonke. Uhlaka Lokulandelela Lomhlaba Wonke. Intuthuko eya emandleni aqhubekayo. 2017".
Kunconywe kakhulu ukubheka, lo mbhalo ugcizelela isidingo sokwenza ngcono izici ezintathu ezibalulekile okufanele zizuzwe imigomo yamandla omhlaba jikelele ngonyaka ka-2030
- El ukufinyelela kugesi.
- Amandla avuselelekayo.
- La ukusebenza kahle unamandla.
Imigomo yamandla omhlaba
Ukutholakala kukagesi
Ukwehla kuyenziwa enombolweni yabantu abakwazi ukufinyelela amandla kagesi, futhi uma kungashintshiwe, ngo-2030 bekungeke kutholakale ugesi ngokugcwele kusukela ku-8% we inani lomhlaba linqanyulwe ngokuphelele.
Okwamanje, ngaphezu kwabantu abayi-1.000 billion abangenawo ugesi. Zigxile kakhulu e-Afrika (i-Angola, iDemocratic Republic of the Congo, iKenya, iSudan, i-Uganda, iZambia, njll.) Kanye nezindawo ezithile zase-Asia, yize lapha ngentuthuko encane ngokusebenzisa amandla elanga we-photovoltaic ngendlela yokuzimela ngokuphelele (yingakho ukubaluleka kwale mithombo yamandla).
Amandla avuselelekayo
Ukukhula amandla avuselelekayo ibilingene ngokulingene, yize kungenjalo kakhulu ezimweni zomoya namandla elanga. Okuhlangabezana nokukhula okubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa ye- ukunciphisa izindleko.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukungena kwamandla avuselelekayo emkhakheni wezokuthutha nokuhamba ukuqinisa. Kule mikhakha kunefayela le- akuhlulwa future, ngoba bane- amandla amakhulu, impela ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu okukhona emhlabeni wonke kule mikhakha.
Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla
Ngokuqondene ne ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, ukumane uveze ukuthi kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kuncishisiwe futhi amazinga amakhulu wamandla alondoloziwe. amandla ayisisekelo.
Uma kubhekwa amazwe asebenzisa kakhulu amandla emhlabeni wonke, i-Australia, i-China, i-Italy, iMexico, iNigeria, iRussia ne-United Kingdom banciphisa ngaphezu kwe-2% amandla alo waminyaka yonke aqhamuka ikakhulu emkhakheni wezimboni, umkhakha wezindawo zokuhlala ukhathaza ngoba esikhundleni se ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwabo kube nomphumela ohlukile.
Izinyathelo zokufeza izinhloso
Yize ukusebenza okuningi kwenzeka, ijubane lokwenziwa likhona Kancane ngaphezu kokufisa. Kubalulekile ukuthi izinqubomgomo "ze-eco" ezenziwayo ezindabeni zamandla zibeke phambili umnotho owenziwe ngamakhemikhali. Ekugcineni, umgomo uwukuthi ukunciphisa Ukukhiqizwa kwe-CO2.
Kungakho, phakathi kwamanje no-2030, kufanele ukwanda phakathi kwama-200% noma ama-250% otshalo-mali lomhlaba jikelele ku amandla avuselelekayo. Phakathi kokuphindwe kathathu noma kweziyisithupha lezo ezihambelana nokusebenza kahle kwamandla, nokuphindwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kweziyisihlanu lezo ezihambelana nokuthola ugesi.
Konke lokhu kuzoba okuhle kakhulu ngomnotho womhlaba wonke ofana nowethu, nomphumela isisusa ngokukhula komnotho nokwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi.
Izakhiwo ezinamandla acishe zisebenzise ugesi
Ngokusho kwengosi inququaliya.es, ukuthola Isitifiketi se-Passivhaus, isakhiwo kufanele sinciphise isidingo sokupholisa noma ukufudumeza kuze kufike emahoreni ayi-15 kilowatt ngemitha eyisikwele ngonyaka.
Amandla ayisisekelo awakwazi ukudlula i-120 kWh / m² ngonyaka futhi isithiyo sokudlula komoya kufanele sibe ngaphansi noma ilingana nokuvuselelwa okungu-0,6 / ihora (ivolumu yomoya esakhiweni esingenzi lutho kufanele ivuselelwe amaphesenti angama-60 njalo ngehora).
Ngo-Agasti 2014, Abakhi be-Energiehaus iba yinkampani yokuqala yaseSpain evunyelwe ukuqinisekisa izakhiwo ngokuya ngePassivhaus standard. Lokhu kugunyazwa kwenza i-Energiehaus Arquitectos ibe yisethenjwa sokunikezelwa kwezakhiwo e ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi.
La Isitifiketi se-Passivhaus Ayigcini nje ngokulindela imithethonqubo yokwakha yaseYurophu kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo, kepha futhi inika okwamanje isiqinisekiso salabo abathuthukisi abafuna ukuthola izakhiwo ezinokushisa okukhulu, amandla nokuthuthuka.
Izinga lePassivhaus selikhulile eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule, ngaleyo ndlela laba uphawu lokuma komhlaba wonke izakhiwo zamandla aphansi kakhulu (nZEB).
ESpain, njengamanje kunezakhiwo ezingama-44 ezihlangabezana nalezi zidingo, ezine ICatalonia iyahola. Lapho i-13 kwengama-44 igxilwe ngokuya nge- Ipulatifomu yokwakha i-Passivhaus. Indawo yesibili yabelwe iMadrid neNavarra, yomibili inabahlanu. I-Asturias, iCantabria, Izwe laseBasque, iCastilla y León kanye neBalearic Islands zinamabili esimweni ngasinye. Ngenkathi iGalicia, uMphakathi waseValencian, i-Aragon kanye ne-Canary Islands bengeza eyodwa ngokulandelana.
Uma kubaluleke kangaka, ungasihumushela thina, sicela.