Njengoba sazi, kunezinhlobo eziningi zemfucuza ngokuya ngokwakhiwa kwayo nokusetshenziswa kwayo. Zihlukaniswe ikakhulu ngokhuni lapho zakhiwe khona futhi lapho zingalashwa khona ukuze zisetshenziswe futhi zenziwe kabusha. Enye yezinhlobo zemfucuza ebaluleke kakhulu uma kuziwa ekuphatheni kahle izinsalela eziyingozi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi yilezo zimfucuza ezingadala imithelela eminingi emvelweni kunodoti ojwayelekile.
Ngakho-ke, kule ndatshana sizokutshela zonke izici, ukuphathwa kanye nemvelaphi yemfucuza enobungozi.
Izici eziyinhloko
Phakathi kwemfucuza ebaluleke kakhulu lapho ulawula imfucuza eqinile imfucuza enobungozi. Lolu hlobo lwemfucuza lungahle lusebenze kabusha noma lungaphinde lusetshenziswe kabusha. Okuchaza lolu hlobo lodoti ikakhulukazi ukuthi lubeka engcupheni enkulu kakhulu imvelo nempilo yabantu kanye nezilwane nezitshalo. Lokhu kubenza babe yimfucuza okufanele iphathwe ngendlela ekhethekile lapho kungenziwa khona ukuphathwa okuvamile. Ngandlela thize, izidalwa ezihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zemfucuza, okuvame kakhulu ukuthi azilethi ingozi ekhetheke kangako kubantu nasemvelweni.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwemfucumfucu enobungozi lunemithetho olandelwayo ngayo yokuphatha ukuqinisekisa ukuphathwa kwayo ngendlela efanele futhi lungabi yingozi kamuva.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwemfucuza enobungozi
Siyazi ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwalolu hlobo lodoti akuyona into ebumbene. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imithethonqubo kufanele ibhekise kweminye yayo ukuze ihlukaniswe kangcono. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi zihlukaniswa ngezigaba ezilinganayo. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi, yize zihlukaniswe ngokwehlukile, imfucuza ihlala injalo kungakhathalekile ukuthi itholakalaphi. Nakhu ukuthi singaqinisekisa futhi sicabangele ukuhlukaniswa okujwayelekile kukadoti oyingozi kakhulu. Ake sibone ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlukaniswa okuvame kakhulu:
- Imfucumfucu enobungozi: Yilezo ezibeka engcupheni yokonakalisa noma iyiphi indawo abahlangana nayo. Into ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ukuthi zingudoti owakhiwe kakhulu ngama-acid.
- Imfucuza enobungozi ngenxa yokuphinda isebenze kwamakhemikhali: imfucuza eminingi ivela ekuhlanganyeleni kwamakhemikhali endaweni yezimboni. Futhi zingonakalisa indawo ezihlangana nayo noma ziqhume. Ziyizinsalela, ngokwazo, ezingeyona ingozi eyedlulele, kepha lokho kungaba njalo uma besabela kwezinye izinto lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo.
- Imfucumfucu eqhumayo: Yilezo ezingaqhuma uma zingalawulwa ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kungaba yingozi ukubhekana nakho.
- Imfucuza evuthayo: yilezo ezizwela kakhulu ekushiseni. Uma ingalashwa kahle, ingasha kalula.
- Imfucuza enobungozi enobuthi: yilezo ezitholakala kubuthi futhi zingaba yingozi empilweni yabantu nezilwane nezitshalo. Sinezinhlobonhlobo ezimbili zalolu hlobo lwemfucuza: okuphilayo nokungaphili.
- Imfucumfucu enemisebe: kungumfucuza onobungozi bawo obutholakala ekuphumeni kwemisebe. Isamba esikhulu semfucumfucu ekhipha imisebe yokukhipha sikhishwa ezikhungweni zamandla enuzi okumele ziphathwe kahle.
Izibonelo zemfucuza enobungozi
Uma sesihlukanise izinhlobo ezahlukene zemfucuza enobungozi ekhona, sizobona izibonelo ezithile. Njengoba kunenqwaba yemfucumfucu enobungozi ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene, sizonikeza izibonelo ezithile kanye nokuphendula okuvame kakhulu kokungcola okuyinhloko esigabeni ngasinye:
- Iyonakala: yilezo ezibonakala ngokucekela phansi lapho uhlangana nomphezulu. Kukhona lezo ezine-asidi, njenge-sulfuric acid. I-Sulfuric acid itholakala emvuleni ene-asidi eyaziwa ukuthi inemiphumela engcolisayo.
- Imfucuza enobungozi ngenxa yokuphinda isebenze kwamakhemikhali: Yilezo ezihlangana nezinye izinto ezenza zisabele kumakhemikhali. Zonke izinto ezisetshenziswa kumalabhorethri zingashiwo kanye nezinsimbi eziningi ezisindayo. Phakathi kwezinsimbi ezisindayo ezisetshenzisiwe esinayo i-mercury, i-cadmium yayingemuva phakathi kwabanye.
- Iziqhumane: Zingenye yezinto eziyingozi kakhulu ukubhekana nazo ngoba ingaqhuma lapho ihlangana nemithombo yokushisa. Icala elicacile kungaba lelo le-dynamite noma le-gunpowder.
- Iyabhebheka: Yilezo zinto ezingasha kalula futhi ezingaba nokuqhuma kwezinye izimo ezithile. Iningi lemfucumfucu enobungozi evuthayo ehlukanisa lezo ezitholakala kuphethiloli noma igesi yemvelo.
- Kuyingozi: yizo zonke lezo ezinobuthi empilweni yabantu nezilwane nezitshalo. Endabeni yemfucuza engajwayelekile, ezinye zezinto ezivame kakhulu yi-arsenic ne-mercury. Lokhu kuthathwa njengezinsimbi ezisindayo futhi kungangcolisa amanzi nenhlabathi. Endabeni yemfucumfucu engokwemvelo, isibonelo esivame kakhulu yileso esivela ezikhungweni zezempilo njengezibhedlela nasemalabhorethri.
- Imfucumfucu enobungozi enemisebe: Yileyo ekhipha imisebe futhi ingaba yingozi nasempilweni. Iningi lazo livela ku-uranium ne-plutonium, okuyizinto ezisindayo ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amandla enuzi.
Ukwelashwa nokuphathwa
Lapho usingatha le mfucuza, kufanele kubhekwe ezinye izinto. Okokuqala, kuphela labo bantu abanokuqeqeshwa okufanelekile abangakwenza. Le yindlela enhle yokugwema izinkinga ezingaba khona lapho ulawula le nsila ngokunganaki. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uchwepheshe emkhakheni ubephethe ukuphatha imfucuza eshiwo. Lezi zinhlobo zabantu ziphatha imfucuza enobungozi ngenxa yokuthi zithole ukuqeqeshwa okuphelele futhi okudingekayo ukuze zikwazi ukwenza kanjalo ngaphansi kwezimo zokuphepha eziyimpoqo.
Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi ukuphathwa kwemfucuza enobungozi kufanele kwenziwe ngezinto ezibonakalayo namathuluzi adingekayo ekuphathweni kwayo. Ukwenza isibonelo, kubalulekile ukuba nezingubo nezinto zokusebenza ezingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa ubungozi bezingozi. Kunezinhlobo ezithile zemfucuza ezingaba yingozi kumuntu oziphathayo nakwimvelo yonke.
Ekugcineni, uhlobo ngalunye lwemfucuza enobungozi lungaba nendlela ephelele yokuphathwa. Kunezinqubo ezithile zokuphatha ezihambelana necala ngalinye. Akufani ukuphatha imfucumfucu enemisebe kunemfucumfucu enobuthi enobungozi.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngemfucuza enobungozi kanye nezici zayo.