Impela uzwile ngoJehova izinkuni ezisobala. Uma lokhu akuyona into entsha. Yayisungulwe ngaphambilini, kuphela yayingaphumi ebhodini. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalobu buchwepheshe kunqunyelwe kakhulu futhi ukusetshenziswa okukhulu akukwazanga ukubhekwa. Njengoba sazi, isayensi ithuthuka ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ngokushesha okukhulu. Igalelo labanye ososayensi baseSweden lenze izinto zashintsha kakhulu. Izinkuni ezibonakalayo zingasetshenziswa kakade ngezinga elikhulu.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yini ukhuni olusobala, lusetshenziselwani nokuthi lwenziwa kanjani.
Yini ukhuni olusobala
Indlela entsha yenziwe ukuthi ikwazi ukwenza izinkuni ezisobala ngobuningi. Ngenxa yalokhu kuthuthuka kwezesayensi, kuvuleka amathuba amaningi akwazi ukwenza imikhiqizo esebenzisa ukhuni olusobala, ibe semvelo kakhulu. Ngenxa yalezi zinhlobo zentuthuko, izakhiwo namaphaneli elanga angakhiwa ngenzuzo enkulu futhi ngesici semvelo esithakazelisa ngokwengeziwe.
Ukuze bakhe izinkuni ezisobala, abacwaningi kwakudingeka basuse ngamakhemikhali into ebizwa ngokuthi i-lignin, eyingxenye yezinkuni. ILignin yingxenye evela kwizicubu zemifino futhi inomsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu. Umsebenzi we-lignin ngokhuni ukubamba izibalo ze-cellulose ndawonye nokwenza imisebenzi ebalulekile empilweni yabo. Kungenxa ye-lignin ukuthi ukhuni lukhuni kakhulu futhi lwenza ngcono uhlelo lwayo lokuzivikela kuma-microorganisms. Ngale ndlela, ngokuba khona kwe-lignin, izihlahla zingazivikela ezifweni nasezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene.
Ukuze wakhe izinkuni ezisobala, i-lignin kufanele isuswe. Le nto eyenza ukuthi iqine futhi ibe mnyama ngombala iyingxenye yama-25% ayo. Yize isebenza ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile yempilo yezitshalo, isivele isisiza uma sizokwakha okuthile. Lignin Ivumela izinkuni ezicutshunguliwe ukuthi zibe nokusetshenziswa okuthile njengokugcina ukukhanya kungadluli. Lokhu kungaba usizo noma inkinga kuya ngesimo esizosebenzisa kuso izinkuni.
Iqiniso lokuthi i-lignin isiza ukuqeda u-90% wakho konke ukukhanya okukushayayo kungaba yinto embi uma kukhulunywa ngokuthuthukisa amaphrojekthi aluhlaza alinganiselwe. Lapho le ngxenye isuswa iba yinto emhlophe, okudala ukuthi iqhubeke nokukhawulela ukukhanya okudlula kuyo. Ngakho-ke, kwakudingeka ukuthi izinkuni zibe sobala.
Zakhiwa kanjani izinkuni ezisobala
Ososayensi e-University of Maryland bebephenya zonke izakhiwo zokhuni ukuze kusungulwe umthetho olandelwayo wokususa umbala omhlophe we-lignin. Bangathola ukukhanya okuphelele ngokususa i-lignin molecule enkuni bese begcwalisa i-epoxy yezakhiwo zeseli nge-cellulose engenambala. Le yindlela abaphumelele ngayo ukudala izinkuni ezisobala.
Kunabantu ababiza lolu hlobo lwezinkuni njengengilazi entsha. Ukungeza i-epoxy noma i-polyepoxide okhunini kuyenza ibonakale. Le epoxy I-polymer ye-thermosetting eqina njengoba ixubene ne-catalyst noma i-agent eqina.. Lokhu kungenziwa ngezinga elikhulu ukufeza ukubonakala kanye nokumelana nezinkuni. Lo mkhiqizo ungatholakala ngobulukhuni nangokumelana okukhulu kunokwengilazi ejwayelekile. Lezi zici zenza ukhuni lubonakale futhi lube ngumkhiqizo noma luthakazelise ngokwakhiwa kwamabhilidi amasha namapaneli elanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma sikwazi ukwengeza isici semvelo, sizofinyelela intuthuko enkulu yesayensi.
Ngokhuni olusobala kuhloselwe ukwenza ukwakhiwa okuhlala isikhathi eside. Ososayensi bathi ingasetshenziswa lapho kwenziwa amawindi ezimoto noma ukufaka enye indawo esobala esivame ukusebenzisa ingilazi kuyo. Kumele sikhumbule ukuthi, ngokuba nobulukhuni namandla wevidiyo evamile kabili, kungasisiza ukuthi sizivikele kangcono.
Isebenzisa amandla elanga
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, okunye ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwezinkuni ezisobala ukwakhiwa kwamapaneli elanga. Lokhu kusungulwa okusha kunganikeza uguquko olukhulu kubo bonke ubuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic energy energy. Amaphaneli welanga athuthukile anezici eziyinkimbinkimbi angakhiwa.
Umqondo ukwazi ukusizakala ngokusobala ukuthi izinkuni ezisobala zisinikeza ukwenza lula ukungena kokukhanya kumaseli wezingibe. Kulokhu kufakwa ubuxhakaxhaka obunamapulangwe, obuvame ukudlula ama-70%, ukuze kugcinwe kangcono ukukhanya. Inhloso bekungeke kube ngaphandle kokukwazi ukugcina isibani sikhanyisa eduze kwephaneli yelanga ukuze yenze umsebenzi wayo ngokumunca. Ngenxa yalolu shintsho, kungatholakala ukusebenza kahle okukhulu ekukhiqizeni amandla elanga.
Isici esiyinhloko sokhuni olujwayelekile ukuqina kwaso, ukuminyana okuphansi kanye nokuqhuba okushisayo noma ukumelana. Ibuye inezinye izinto zokwenziwa njengokuqina okukhulu nokufinyeleleka. Ukuze ube ngumthombo oqhubekayo, kufanele uqhamuke emithonjeni evuselelekayo. Kunempikiswano enkulu mayelana nokuthi i-biomass ingamandla avuselelekayo yini, kepha kungabhekwa ukuthi uma izinkuni zivela emasimini asimeme zingathathwa njengamanye amandla avuselelekayo.
Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwezinkuni ezisobala, ukusetshenziswa kwezinkuni kungangezelelwa ukuze kugcinwe kushibhile futhi kuvuseleleka. Kungagcinwa zonke izinzuzo zemvelo futhi zivumela ukukhanya. Ngenxa yalokhu, singakhulisa ukukhanya kwangaphakathi kwama-facade futhi kungaba yinto yokwakha eyingqayizivele.
Kwakungeke kusetshenziswe ukwakhiwa kuphela, kodwa kwakuzoba nezinsimu ezimbalwa lapho kungafakwa khona. Isibonelo, ingasetshenziselwa ukwakha amabhayisikili asimeme, amakhaya we-modular, ensimini, njll. Njengoba sishilo phambilini, abantu abaningi abazibheki izinkuni njengezinsizakusebenza eziqhubekayo. Okufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma izinkuni zivela endaweni etshalwe ukulima, kuzosiza ukuvimbela ukugawulwa kwamahlathi.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngokhuni olusobala.
Ngeke kube kubi ukubuyekeza abakubhalayo ngaphambi kokushicilela, ngoba isigaba sokuqala sinamaphutha amaningi.
Kuyacaca ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwengilazi evamile akunamhawu ngokhuni olusobala mayelana "nokusimama". Ukhuni kufanele luvele emapulazini ahlonipheke ngokuphelele nemvelo, esimeme esikhathini eside, futhi ukwelashwa kwe-epoxy kunomlando omkhulu wemvelo. Futhi ayikwazi ukugaywa kabusha, uma iphuka kuyadingeka ukuthi ishintshe iphaneli ifakwe entsha, ikhiqize imfucuza enamakhemikhali. Ngenkathi ingilazi igaywa kabusha ngokuphelele futhi ingakhiqizi imfucuza. Akudingeki ukuba wenze izibalo eziningi ukuze ubone ukuthi lolu hlobo lwezinkuni alulutho ngaphandle komunye umkhiqizo oguqulwe njengoluhlaza okuhloswe ngawo ukwenza imali usebenzisa "isimo semvelo".