Iplanethi yethu ihlale ibhekene nezinhlobonhlobo izinkinga zemvelo. Iningi lazo livela ekuxhashazweni ngokweqile kwemithombo yemvelo ngesivinini esikhulu kangangokuthi ngeke ikwazi ukuvuselelwa ngesivinini esifanayo. Konke lokhu kuhlanganisa ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kabi kwabantu. Ukusetshenziswa komuntu kusekelwe ekutholeni imikhiqizo engaphezu kwamandla ethu okuvuselela.
Kulesi sihloko, sizokutshela ngezinkinga ezihlukahlukene zemvelo iplanethi yethu ebhekene nazo nokuthi iyini imiphumela yazo engathi sína.
Izinkinga zemvelo
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokungcoliswa komoya
Umhlaba ubhekene nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokushisa liya likhuphuka, futhi lokhu kuyashesha ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu, okungukuthi, siqhube abantu futhi sandisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa.
Ukubhekana nakho kudinga ukuzibophezela komhlaba wonke, lapho wonke amazwe kufanele ehlise ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa emkhathini. Ngalokhu, kuyadingeka ukubheja ngamandla avuselelekayo, izithuthi zomphakathi kanye nezimoto ezisebenzisa amandla ahlanzekile, futhi kuphasiswe imithetho elawula ukungcola okuvela embonini.
Ukungcoliswa komoya, okungukuthi, ukuba khona kwezinto ezingcolile emoyeni, kunezimbangela ezingokwemvelo nezibangelwa umuntu. Izinto ezinkulu ezidala ukungcoliswa komoya yilezi: izimayini zokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali kanye nemishini esindayo edingekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwayo, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukwanda kwezokuthutha okuhlobene nokushiswa kwezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi, imililo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kwezolimo.
Ukuze kuncishiswe, izinyathelo ezinjengokuthuthukisa ezokuthutha zomphakathi, ukusebenzisa amafutha enziwe ngezinto ezimbiwa phansi ngokuzibophezela, ukwakha izindawo eziluhlaza kakhulu noma ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kungathathwa ukuze kuncishiswe ukudalwa kwemfucuza.
Imvula ene-asidi nokugawulwa kwamahlathi
Imvula ene-asidi imvula enamanzi nemfucumfucu enobuthi, ikakhulukazi i-asidi evela ezimotweni, ezimbonini noma kwezinye izinhlobo zemishini. Ukuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki, kuyadingeka ukulawula ukukhishwa kokungcola, ukuvala izimboni ezingahambisani nokunciphisa okuqukethwe kwesibabule samafutha noma ukukhuthaza nokutshala imali kumandla avuselelekayo.
I-FAO (Inhlangano Yezokudla Nezolimo yeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene) inquma ukuthi yimaphi amazwe aseNingizimu Melika nase-Afrika bathinteka kakhulu ngokugawulwa kwamahlathi ngenxa yezolimo ezingasimeme nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezinkuni. Nakuba izinga lokusha kwamahlathi liphansi uma kuqhathaniswa, liphinde libe imbangela yokulahlekelwa kwezinkulungwane zezihlahla ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba unyaka ngamunye.
Ukucekelwa phansi komhlabathi nokungcoliswa
Lapho umhlabathi uwohloka, ulahlekelwa izici zawo ezibonakalayo namakhemikhali, ngakho-ke awusakwazi ukunikeza izinsizakalo ezifana nezolimo noma izinsiza ze-ecosystem. Izizathu zokuwohloka kwenhlabathi zibangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene: ukugawulwa kwemithi okujulile, ukulima okubanzi, ukuklaba ngokweqile, ukushiswa kwehlathi, ukwakhiwa kwemithombo yamanzi noma ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile.
Isixazululo sokugwema noma ukunciphisa le nkinga ukusebenzisa izinqubomgomo zemvelo ezilawula ukusetshenziswa komhlaba. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bezolimo obuyingozi (ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, izibulala-zinambuzane nomanyolo noma indle noma imifula engcolisayo), ukulahlwa okungafanele kukadoti wasemadolobheni, ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda, izimayini, izimboni, imfuyo kanye nendle yizona zimbangela ezivame kakhulu. ukungcoliswa komhlabathi okuvamile.
Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bezolimo obuyingozi (ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, izibulala-zinambuzane nomanyolo noma indle noma imifula engcolile), ukulahlwa ngokungafanele kwemfucuza yasemadolobheni, ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda, izimayini, izimboni, imfuyo kanye nendle yizona zimbangela ezivame kakhulu izinhlobo zokungcoliswa komhlabathi.
Lokhu kungcola kungancishiswa ngokusebenzisa izixazululo ezifana ukuhlela okuhle kwamadolobha, ukugaywa kabusha nokungalahli imfucuza endaweni ezungezile, ukuvinjelwa kwezindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu ezingekho emthethweni kanye nokumiswa kokulawulwa kwezimayini kanye nokulawulwa kwemfucuza yezimboni.
Izinkinga zemvelo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni
Ukulawulwa kwemfucuza kanye nokuntuleka kokugaywa kabusha
Ukuminyana kanye nezindlela zokuphila zabathengi abatshaliwe kudala ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwemfucuza, ngakho-ke, ukwanda kokuxhashazwa kwemithombo yemvelo esongelwa ukuncipha. Ukuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki, kuyadingeka ukufundisa kanye gcizelela umnotho oyindilinga ngemisebenzi efana nokunciphisa, ukugaywa kabusha noma ukusebenzisa kabusha.
Nakuba emazweni amaningi, ikakhulukazi emazweni athuthukile, uma ukuphathwa kwemfucuza kwenziwa futhi kukhona izinhlangano zokuqedwa kwayo. Kukhona futhi amazwe amaningi angawasebenzisi kabusha. Ngaphezu kokwenyuka kokumbiwa kwemithombo yemvelo emisha, ukuntuleka kokugaywa kabusha kubangela ukunqwabelana kwenqwaba yemfucuza ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu. Mayelana nokushoda kokugaywa kabusha, kubalulekile ukuqwashisa nokufundisa izakhamizi, kodwa nohulumeni kumele azibophezele ukuze kufezeke ukulahlwa kahle kukadoti.
Ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki kanye ne-ecological footprint
Basenzela isiko esilahlwayo futhi basinikeza indlela yokuphila enethezekile, egqama kakhulu emikhiqizweni yepulasitiki. Ulwandle yilona oluthinteka kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwepulasitiki, ngoba le mfucumfucu izogcina ifinyelele olwandle, ithinte impilo yezilwane zasolwandle futhi kamuva impilo yezinhlobo zasemhlabeni, kuhlanganise nathi. Isixazululo kufanele kube ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamapulasitiki futhi uthole ezinye izinhlobo zokupakisha ezihambisana nemvelo.
I-ecological footprint iyinkomba yemvelo, ebhekisela kumthelela womuntu endaweni ezungezile, ebonisa ukuthi ingakanani indawo yokukhiqiza ayidingayo ukuze akhiqize izinsiza ezisetshenzisiwe futhi athole imfucuza ekhiqizwayo. Ukusetshenziswa ngokunganaki kanye nokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kusho ukuthi imvelo yomhlaba wonke kanye nomuntu ngamunye iyanda.
Izinkinga zemvelo ezingeni lezinto eziphilayo
I-ecosystem isiwohlokile ngenxa yenguquko eye yabhekana nayo, kungaba ngezokulima, imfuyo, ukunwetshwa kwezindawo zasemadolobheni, ukufakwa kwezimboni, ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwemvelo yemvelo, noma izenzo ezinjengokwethulwa kwezilwane okungezona ezomdabu, ukuzingela okungekho emthethweni. Ukungcola kanye neminye imisebenzi yabantu yizona zinkinga eziyinhloko zemvelo yokulahlekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ukuze kutholwe isixazululo, ngaphezu kokufundisa abantu ukuhlonipha imvelo, indawo yemvelo kufanele futhi ivikelwe umthetho.
Kunezimakethe zezinhlobo ezidayiswa ngokungemthetho ezibamba futhi zihwebe ngezidalwa ezisuka ezweni lakubo, zigcine zifinyelele kwezinye izindawo lapho lezi zinhlobo zithathwa njengeziyingozi. Ngenxa yokuncintisana ngendawo nokudla, nokwanda kwezifo ezintsha endaweni, izilwane ezihlaselayo zingase zithathe indawo yezinhlobo zemvelo.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezinkinga ezihlukahlukene zemvelo ezibhekene neplanethi yethu.