I-hydrogen eluhlaza wuhlobo lwe-hydrogen olukhiqizwa ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-water electrolysis, esebenzisa ugesi ovela emithonjeni evuselelekayo, njengamandla elanga noma omoya. Lobu buchwepheshe bubhekwa njengenye indlela ethembisayo kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen eluhlaza cishe akunayo i-carbon. Nokho, zikhona izinkinga ze-hydrogen eluhlaza lokho kufanele kubhekwe ukukuthatha njengenye indlela esemthethweni esikhundleni sezibaseli ezimbiwa phansi.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngezinkinga eziyinhloko ze-hydrogen eluhlaza, izici zayo, izinzuzo kanye nokubi.
ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen eluhlaza
I-Hydrogen inamandla okugcina amandla angasetshenziswa lapho edingeka. Lokhu akuyona into entsha. Kodwa i-hydrogen akuyona yodwa eMhlabeni. Ihlala inamathele kwamanye ama-molecule ukuze akhe izakhi. Okulula kakhulu: amanzi kanye nefomula yawo yamangqamuzana eyaziwa kakhulu i-H2O. Ama-athomu amabili e-hydrogen ahlanganiswe nomoya-mpilo owodwa.
Kodwa itholakala nasezintweni ezimbiwa phansi ezifana ne-methane noma i-liquefied petroleum. Okwamanje, Amaphesenti angu-99 e-hydrogen eSpain avela kulezi zinsalela. Ngokwe-International Energy Agency, ukuthengwa kwe-hydrogen emhlabeni wonke kukhiqiza amathani ayizigidi ezingu-900 zesikhutha unyaka ngamunye.
Ukuqoqa i-hydrogen esitokisini esihlanzekile njengamanzi, kuyadingeka ukufaka amandla kagesi kuyo ukuze kuhlukaniswe izakhi zayo futhi kugcine i-hydrogen ingasodwa. Uma ugesi osetshenziswe ohlelweni lwe-electrolysis uvela emithonjeni evuselelekayo, njengamaphaneli elanga noma ama-windmill, kubizwa ngokuthi i-hydrogen eluhlaza. Ngokukhulula amandla ayo agciniwe, ayikhiphi amagesi abamba ukushisa. Ngakho-ke, ibhekana nenkinga yesimo sezulu ngokwethembeka.
ukugcinwa kwamandla
Uma ugesi okhiqizwa amapaki e-photovoltaic noma izinjini zomoya usetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen ehlukaniswe namanzi, lokhu kuzosebenza njengophethiloli. Ngamanye amazwi, la mandla (ugesi) awalahleki noma asetshenziswe lapho ekhiqizwa: I-hydrogen ingase ikhishwe ngezinjini, imishini noma amabhethri anobuchwepheshe obufanele.
I-Ministry of Ecological Transition igqamisa ukuthi indima yayo njengokugcinwa kwesizini izoba ukhiye, uma kucatshangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo ayinsalela ohlelweni lukagesi ovuselelekayo ngokwandayo. Lokhu kuzoba ngesinye sezixazululo zokulawula ukukhiqizwa kukagesi lapho izinsiza ezivuselelekayo ziyindlala kakhulu.
Izinkinga ze-hydrogen eluhlaza
Inkinga kufanele kube izindleko kanye nobunzima bokukhiqiza. Okokuqala, nakuba i-hydrogen ingenye yezinto ezitholakala ngobuningi kakhulu emhlabeni, ayitholakali kalula ngoba ayitholakali yodwa emvelweni, kodwa kunalokho. ikhiqizwa ngezinye izinto ezine-hydrogen, njengamanzi, amalahle, negesi yemvelo. Indlela ekahle yokuyikhiqiza kungaba ukuyithola ngokuqondile emanzini (akhona ku-70% wobuso bomhlaba) ngenqubo ebizwa nge-electrolysis, ehlanganisa ukubola kwama-molecule amanzi (H2O), abola abe umoya-mpilo (O2) kanye ne-hydrogen (H2).
Nokho, lokhu ngokuvamile kuyinqubo ebizayo edinga ugesi omningi (hhayi emithonjeni evuselelekayo ezimweni eziningi) ukuze unike amandla ama-electrolyzers. Ubunzima bokuthola i-hydrogen ehlanzekile engu-100% kwenze abakhiqizi bahlukanisa imikhiqizo ewumphumela ngokwenani layo elizinzile. Ngakho, i- hydrogen empunga, okuyiyona esetshenziswa kakhulu njengamanje, iyona engahambisani kakhulu nemvelo, njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwayo kuqhubeka nokudinga izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi.
Njengenye indlela, "i-carbon hydrogen eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ephansi" isadinga amafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kodwa ikhipha ikhabhoni encane ngoba ikhishwa ngenqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi "ukuthwebula nokugcina." Inketho eluhlaza kakhulu "i-hydrogen eluhlaza" ekhiqizwa amandla avuselelekayo, okunye okusimeme okungu-100% kodwa okungajwayelekile kakhulu emakethe.
Kubiza malini ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen?
Ucwaningo olusanda kushicilelwa kujenali ekhethekile i-Nature Energy ihlose ukulinganisa izindleko zokukhiqiza i-hydrogen ngogesi (ngokusebenzisa i-electrolysis) ukuze kutholwe ukuthi ingenye indlela engase ikwazi ukuhweba. Ukwenza lokhu, abacwaningi baqoqa idatha ngezindleko namanani e-hydrogen futhi baqhathanisa nezintengo zikagesi emakethe ye-wholesale kanye nedatha yonyaka ogcwele mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwamandla omoya eJalimane nase-United States.
Uphethe ngokuthi uhlelo oluyingxubevange (elikhiqiza i-hydrogen ngamandla avuselelekayo, ngokuvamile umoya noma ilanga) ingaba yinzuzo kuma-euro angu-3,23 ngekhilogremu ngayinye. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo olufanayo luphawula ukuthi izindleko zama-electrolyzers ziwa kakhulu, ezinganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokukhiqiza i-hydrogen emithonjeni evuselelekayo, emele "iminyaka eyishumi nengxenye egcwele" mayelana nokusimama kwamandla.
Eqinisweni, ngokukaJavier Bray, umongameli weSpanish Hydrogen Energy Association, sekungenzeka ngokuphelele. I-Electrolysis iyindlela yesibili emhlabeni yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen esikalini sezimboni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyindlela ehlanzekile futhi izindleko zayo zilingana ngokuqondile nogesi osetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni kwawo. Kochwepheshe, amanani angaphansi kuka-2,5 cents kWh ngayinye asinika amanani angaba ngu-2,5 euros ngekhilogremu, okwenza kube yisixazululo esisebenzayo sokuqeda ikhabhoni emikhakheni efana nezimboni, ezokuthutha noma ezamandla.
Izinzuzo
Nakuba okwamanje ingencane ekhiqizwayo emakethe, inezinzuzo ezinhle ezihlala emandleni ayo amakhulu:
- ukunciphisa ukungcola: Ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-hydrogen eluhlaza akukhiphi isikhutha noma okunye ukungcola kwendawo, okunomthelela ngokuqondile ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa futhi kusize ekulweni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
- Isitoreji samandla esisebenzayo: I-hydrogen eluhlaza ingagcinwa kalula, okuyenza ibe yisixazululo esikhangayo sokugcina amandla avuselelekayo ngezikhathi lapho isidingo siphansi futhi ukukhiqizwa kuphezulu.
- izicelo eziningi: Ingasetshenziswa ukufaka amandla ezimotweni zikagesi zamaseli amafutha, njengophethiloli wamajeneretha kagesi ezimbonini, nanjengento engavuthiwe ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali nomanyolo.
- Ukuzimela kwamandla: Ngokuthembela emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo ukuze ikhiqizwe, i-hydrogen eluhlaza inciphisa ukuthembela kumafutha avela kwamanye amazwe kanye nokuguquguquka kwentengo okuhambisana nalezi zinsiza ezingavuseleleki.
- Amafutha ahlanzekile embonini: I-hydrogen eluhlaza ihlinzeka ngenketho kaphethiloli ehlanzekile futhi eqhubekayo embonini, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise umthelela wayo kwezemvelo futhi ibe negalelo ekuguqukeni komnotho wekhabhoni ephansi.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezinkinga ze-hydrogen eluhlaza, izici zayo kanye nezinzuzo ezinakho.