Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi yinoma yiluphi ushintsho lwamakhemikhali, olubonakalayo noma lwebhayoloji eqophelweni lamanzi olunemiphumela emibi nelimazayo ezintweni eziwadlayo. Umqondo wamanzi angcolile ubhekisela ekuqongeleleni nasekuhlanganiseni kwento eyodwa noma eziningi ngaphandle kwamanzi ngendlela efanayo kangangokuthi kubangela ukungalingani empilweni yebhayoloji, ukusetshenziswa komuntu, izimboni, ezolimo, ukudoba kanye nemisebenzi yokuzilibazisa kanye nezinkinga zezilwane. Baningi izinhlobo zokungcoliswa kwamanzi kuye ngemvelaphi nomonakalo wayo.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene zokungcoliswa kwamanzi ezikhona nokuthi iyini imiphumela yazo.
Izinhlobo zokungcoliswa kwamanzi
Amakhabhoni
Ukuchitheka kukawoyela cishe kuhlale kunomthelela wendawo ezilwaneni zasendle noma eziphila emanzini, Kodwa amathuba okusabalala makhulu kakhulu.
Amafutha anamathela ezimpapheni zezinyoni zasolwandle, anciphisa ikhono lazo lokubhukuda noma lokundiza, kanjalo abulale izinhlanzi. Ukwanda kokuchitheka kukawoyela nokuchitheka emikhunjini kuye kwaholela ekungcolisweni kolwandle. Isaziso Esibalulekile: Uwoyela awuncibiliki emanzini futhi uzokwakha ungqimba olujiyile lwamafutha emanzini, aminyanise izinhlanzi futhi avimbe ukukhanya ezitshalweni zasemanzini ze-photosynthetic.
Amanzi angaphezulu
Amanzi angaphezulu ahlanganisa amanzi emvelo atholakala phezu komhlaba, njengemifula, amachibi, amachibi, nolwandle. Lezi zinto zihlangana namanzi futhi ncibilikisa noma hlanganisa ngokomzimba kuwo.
Izithako ze-oxygen
Kukhona ama-microorganisms emzimbeni wamanzi. Lezi zihlanganisa izinto eziphilayo ze-aerobic kanye ne-anaerobic.. Amanzi ngokuvamile aqukethe ama-microorganisms, kungaba i-aerobic noma i-anaerobic, kuye ngezinto eziphilayo ezibolayo ezilenga emanzini.
Ama-microorganisms amaningi adla futhi aqede umoya-mpilo, abangele ukufa kwezinto eziphilayo futhi akhiqize ubuthi obuyingozi njenge-ammonia nesibabule.
Ukungcoliswa komhlaba
Izibulala-zinambuzane namakhemikhali ahlobene nenhlabathi adonswa amanzi emvula futhi amuncele emhlabathini, ngaleyo ndlela angcolise amanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Ukungcoliswa kwamagciwane
Emazweni asathuthuka, abantu baphuza amanzi angahlanzekile asuka emifuleni, emifudlaneni noma kweminye imithombo. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyoba nokungcoliswa kwemvelo okubangelwa ama-microorganisms afana namagciwane, amagciwane kanye ne-protozoa.
Kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu kungcoliswa kwemvelo kubangela izifo ezingathi sína zabantu nokufa kwezinhlanzi nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane.
Ukungcoliswa yizinto ezimisiwe
Akuwona wonke amakhemikhali ancibilika kalula emanzini. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi "i-particulate matter." Lezi zinhlobo zezinto zingalimaza noma zibulale ngisho nezinto eziphila emanzini.
Ukungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali emanzini
Kudume kabi ukubona ukuthi izimboni ezahlukene zisebenzisa kanjani amakhemikhali alahlwa ngqo emithonjeni yamanzi. Amakhemikhali ezolimo asetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezolimo ukulawula izinambuzane nezifo ekugcineni azogelezela emifuleni, afake ubuthi ezintweni eziphila emanzini, acime izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi abeke ukuphila komuntu engozini.
Ukungcoliswa kokudla okunomsoco
Kukaningi sisho ukuthi amanzi anomsoco onempilo ezidalwa eziphilayo, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokuwaqeda ukungcola. Kodwa ukutholakala kwezingqimba eziningi zikamanyolo wezolimo nezimboni emanzini okuphuza kwasishintsha sonke isimo.
Indle eminingi, umanyolo kanye nendle kuqukethe inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba ezingakhuthaza ukukhula kolwelwe nokhula emanzini, ukwenza kungaphuzwa futhi ngisho nokuvala izihlungi.
Umanyolo ogelezayo ovela emapulazini ungcolisa amanzi emifuleni, emifuleni, nasemachibini aze afinyelele olwandle. Umanyolo unothile ngezakhi ezahlukene ezidingekayo empilweni yezitshalo, futhi amanzi ahlanzekile akhiqizwayo ashintsha ibhalansi yemvelo yezakhi ezibalulekile ezitshalweni zasemanzini.
Imithombo kanye nezinhlobo zokungcoliswa kwamanzi
Imithombo yokungcola kwe-anthropic ethinta ikhwalithi yamanzi imvamisa ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili:
- Imithombo yamaphuzu yokungcola
- Imithombo yokungcolisa okungeyona indawo
Ake sibone ngayinye yazo:
- Imithombo ebalulekile yokungcola: Umthombo wephoyinti wokunukubezeka ubhekisela emthonjeni wokungcola okhipha ukungcola okukodwa noma okuhlukile endaweni eyodwa eqhelile noma ekhawulelwe indawo yendawo. Ungaba kanjani: ukukhishwa kwamanzi angcolile asekhaya, ukuchithwa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini, imisebenzi yemfucuza eyingozi, ukugeleza kwezimayini, ukuvuza, ukuchithwa ngengozi, njll.
- Imithombo esakaza ukungcola: Ziyimithombo yokwanda, okuhlanganisa imisebenzi ehlanganisa izindawo ezinkulu ezingabangela ukungcola okungaphansi komhlaba, futhi ngokuqinisekile azikwazi ukucaciswa ngokuqiniseka nangokunemba. Ezinye izibonelo ezisekelwe emithonjeni: ezolimo nemfuyo, ukuthuthwa kwamanzi emadolobheni, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba, izindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu, ukubekwa komkhathi, kanye nemisebenzi yokuzijabulisa.
- Imithombo yemvelo yokungcola: Babhekisela emlilweni noma emisebenzini yentaba-mlilo.
- Imithombo yokungcola kwezobuchwepheshe: Lolu hlobo lomthombo wokungcola lusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni nasekhaya, okuhlanganisa ezokuthutha ezinezimoto ezidinga izinto zokugcoba.
Izinhlobo zokungcola
Ama-microorganisms we-Pathogenic
Lolu hlobo lokungcola lukhiqizwa ngu ama-microorganisms, njengama-bacteria, amagciwane, i-protozoa Kungaholela ezifweni ezimbi kakhulu njengekholera, i-typhus, ne-hepatitis.
Imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo
Umsuka wawo udoti okhiqizwa imisebenzi yabantu njengemfuyo. Ukuba khona kwezinto eziphilayo ezibolayo noma ezibola kalula emanzini kukhuthaza ukukhula kwebhaktheriya ye-aerobic edla umoya-mpilo okhona. I-Hypoxia yenza kube nzima ukuthi izinto eziphilayo ze-aerobic zikwazi ukuphila, futhi izinto eziphilayo eziphefumulayo zikhipha izinto ezinobuthi njenge-ammonia noma isulfure.
Amakhemikhali angaphili
Okufanayo kuyiqiniso ngama-asidi, usawoti, nezinsimbi ezinobuthi. Ezimweni eziphakeme, zingadala umonakalo omkhulu ezintweni eziphilayo, ukuncipha kwesivuno sokukhiqizwa kwezolimo kanye nokugqwala kwempahla yokusebenza.
Ama-phytonutrients angaphili
Okufanayo kuya kuma-nitrate nama-phosphates. Ziyizinto ezincibilikayo ezidingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe izitshalo futhi kungakhuthaza ukukhula kolwelwe nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Lolu hlobo lokungcola lungaholela eutrophication yemizimba yamanzi, edinga ukusetshenziswa kwawo wonke umoya-mpilo okhona. Lokhu kuphazamisa imisebenzi yezinye izinto eziphilayo futhi kunciphisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emanzini.
Izinhlanganisela eziphilayo
Njengowoyela, uphethiloli, amapulasitiki, izibulala-zinambuzane, njll. Ziyizinto ezingagcinwa emanzini isikhathi eside futhi kunzima ukuthi ama-microorganisms aphule.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo zokungcoliswa kwamanzi ezikhona.