Ipulasitiki yinto eseyinto yokusetshenziswa nsuku zonke kokubili kwansuku zonke nezimboni. Namuhla besizophila ngaphandle kweplastikhi ngoba sikusebenzisa cishe kuyo yonke into. Kodwa-ke, kuningi izinhlobo zepulasitiki kuya ngokusetshenziswa okuzonikezwa nohlobo lwemvelaphi enakho. Ukwakheka kwamapulasitiki kumelana kakhulu nokucekelwa phansi okubangelwa imvelo. Lokhu kwenza ukuba khona kwayo emvelweni kube inkinga yezemvelo.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zepulasitiki nezimpawu zazo eziyinhloko.
Ukwahlukaniswa kwezinhlobo zamaplastiki
Ukuze kuhlukaniswe amapulasitiki kunezindlela eziningi. Enye yazo ukuzihlukanisa ngokusebenzisa izimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Ngokuqinisekile ubonile uphawu lokuphinda lusetshenziswe nenombolo kweminye imikhiqizo. Lokhu kuqukethe ikhodi yokwenza kabusha amapulasitiki. Ibizwa ngekhodi ukuhlonza izinhlaka noma ikhodi yokukhomba epulasitiki yomphakathi wezimboni kanye nezimboni. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwekhodi, lizoba nento ehlukile nokwakheka. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo eziphambili zepulasitiki:
- I-PET noma i-PETE (i-polyethylene terephthalate).
- I-HDPE (i-polyethylene ephakeme kakhulu).
- I-PVC (i-polyvinyl chloride).
- I-LDPE (Ubuningi Obuphansi be-Polyethylene).
- I-PP (Polypropylene).
- I-PS (iPolystyrene).
- Amanye amaplastiki.
Izinhlobo zeplastiki
I-PET noma i-PETE plastic
Kuthiwani i-polyethylene terephthalate. Esinye sezici zaso ukuthi kusobala futhi akujuluki. Ingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswe kabusha kakhulu njengoba itholakala ekugoqeni kwepulasitiki, amabhodlela, iziqukathi zokudla neminye imikhiqizo. Ingenye esetshenziswe kakhulu futhi ngokuqinisekile uzothola uphawu lwemicibisholo emi-3 eyakha unxantathu. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uyavuseleleka futhi kufanele uthelwe esitsheni esiphuzi.
Ipulasitiki ye-HDPE
Lolu uhlobo lweplastiki olubizwa nge-high-density polyethylene. Eziqukathi nasemikhiqizweni eyenziwe ngalolu hlobo lweplastiki, inombolo 2 itholakala ngaphakathi kukanxantathu wemicibisholo. Le nto itholakala kwimikhiqizo enjenge-tetrabriks, ezinye iziqukathi zokudla, iziqukathi zezimonyo, imikhiqizo yokuhlanza, amanye amapayipi, njll. Zonke lezi zinto kufanele ziphinde zisetshenziswe esitsheni esiphuzi.
Ipulasitiki ye-PVC
Yaziwa kakhulu ngegama le-PVC. Yenziwe nge-polyvinyl chloride futhi isetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-gutters, amakhebuli, amapayipi, amanye amabhodlela namakharafi. Ingatholakala nasezitolo zezimoto, emabhodleleni oketshezi oketshezi, nakwamanye amaphakheji okudla. Kuvela ukuthi kungenye yezinhlobo zepulasitiki eziyingozi kakhulu kwezempilo nakwezemvelo. Ingabonakala kalula njengoba ikhodi iyinombolo 3.
I-LDPE plastic
Ibizwa ngokuthi i-polyethylene esezingeni eliphansi. Ukukhonjwa kwenziwa ngekhodi enenombolo 4. Luhlobo lwepulasitiki ongalusebenzisa kabusha osetshenziselwe ukwenza izikhwama zokudla ezifriziwe, izikhwama zikadoti, iphepha lasekhishini elibonakalayo, amabhodlela epulasitiki athambile, njll. Lezi zepulasitiki ziphinda zisetshenziswe emgqonyeni ophuzi.
PP plastic
Ngokuqinisekile kuzoba ngenye yezinto ezaziwa kakhulu ezitholakala ezitsheni zokuphuza, izivalo namakepisi eziqukathi. Imayelana ne-polypropylene. Ingakhonjwa ngokumaka inombolo 5 ngaphakathi kophawu lwemicibisholo.
PS plastic
Yaziwa njenge-polystyrene futhi itholakala ngophawu olunenombolo yekhodi engu-6 phakathi kwemicibisholo. Sithole amathoyizi, izinto zokusika, ukhokho omhlophe nokupakisha okusetshenziselwa ukugcina. Isetshenziselwa nokupakisha nokuvikela imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi nemishini yasendlini. Ngukhokho ovamile omhlophe owela phakathi.
Ezinye izinhlobo zepulasitiki
Kunezinye izinhlobo zepulasitiki ezingezona ezalabo okukhulunywe ngabo esigabeni esedlule. Amanye amapulasitiki angahlukaniswa ngosayizi wawo futhi anamathiselwe nge-macro noma i-micro. Ingabuye ihlukaniswe ngokususelwa ku- umthamo we-biodegradation, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ziphinda zisetshenziswe kabusha ezitshalweni ezivuselelwa kabusha. Sizokuchazela ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo eziphambili zepulasitiki ezingafakwanga kusigaba sangaphambilini:
Ama-Bioplastics
Yilezo ezikhiqizwa ngemithombo yemvelo engokwemvelo futhi evuselelekayo. Lezi zepulasitiki azilimazi imvelo futhi zinokusetshenziswa okuhle. Zimi kanje:
- Isitashi se-PLA (polylactic acid)
- Umoba we-ethylene.
- Umoba we-polyethylene.
Amapulasitiki abolayo
Abantu abaningi babadida ngalokhu okungenhla futhi banama-nuances ambalwa ahlukile. Futhi lokhu kumayelana nalezo zinhlobo zepulasitiki ezenziwe ngento engalulazeka ngamanye ama-microorganism. Lezi zinambuzane ezincane zidinga izimo eziphelele zemvelo njengoba zikwazi ukuguqula ipulasitiki ibe yi-biomass, amagesi namanzi.
Ama-Thermoplastics
Yilezo ezinesici sokuncibilika lapho zifudunyezwa futhi lapho zipholile zibuyela ekuguqukeni okunzima. Bangama-polymers anekhono lokuncibilika futhi abumbe kabusha. Inzuzo yalezi zepulasitiki ukuthi lesi sici sibuye siqhubeke ngokungapheli. Ngenxa yalolu hlobo lokuziphatha kwamakhemikhali, ama-thermoplastics asetshenziswa kabusha ngenqubo yokwenza kabusha imishini. Phakathi kwalaba bafana esinabo i-polyvinyl chloride, i-polypropylene, i-polyethylene ne-polycarbonate, phakathi kwabanye.
Amapulasitiki e-Thermoset
Njengoba igama lalo likhombisa, ziyizinto ezake zafudunyezwa zabunjwa, zingancibilika noma ziphinde zihlanganiswe. Ngakho-ke, azikwazi ukuguqula ukwakheka lapho sezibunjiwe. Ezinye izibonelo yilezi ezilandelayo: injoloba yokwenziwa, irabha yemvelo evundlisiwe, i-polyurethanes, ama-silicones, i-epoxy resin, phakathi kwabanye.
Ama-Microplastics
Yilezo ezaziwa njengamanje njengezingcolisa kakhulu imvelo futhi eziyingozi enkulu empilweni yawo wonke umuntu. Ziyizinhlayiya ezincane zokwenziwa ezivela kokunye okutholakala kukaphethiloli. Usayizi wayo ngokuvamile ungaphansi kuka-5 mm, ngakho-ke ukuba khona kwayo akunakwaziswa. Ingafakwa phakathi kokudla kokudla okuvela olwandle.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezinhlobo zamaplastiki nezici zawo eziyinhloko.