Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezimbali nezilwane ezinamandla amakhulu kakhulu wokuhlasela. Baziwa ngegama lika izinhlobo zamakoloni noma izinhlobo ezihlaselayo. Yilezo ezethulwa ngokwemvelo, ngengozi noma ngamabomu entweni okungeyona eyabo. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile sokuzivumelanisa nezimo, bayakwazi ukwenza le ndawo ibe yindawo yabo. Izizathu zokuthi ukwazi ukwenza ikoloni indawo zihlukile.
Kule ndatshana sizokutshela zonke izici, ukubaluleka kanye nobungozi bezinhlobo zamakoloni.
Izici eziyinhloko
Lezi yizinhlobo ezifakwe endaweni okungesiyo eyazo futhi ezikwaziyo ukuzivumelanisa nayo futhi zigcine seziyikholoni. Izinhlobo zamakoloni ziyimbangela yesibili yokulahleka kwemvelo emhlabeni. Kumele kubhekwe ukuthi abantu bahlanganise umhlaba wonke futhi kukhona ukunyakaza kusuka kwelinye izwekazi kuya kwelinye nsuku zonke. Kokubili ngokuzithandela nangengozi, izinhlobo zingangena kwesinye isimiso semvelo.
Isimo semvelo esisha lapho uhlobo ayinalo uhlobo oluthile lwesilwane esidla imvelo futhi iyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zezulu ingaba uhlobo lwekholoni. Ziyaziwa futhi ngegama lezinhlobo ezihlaselayo njengoba zihlasela i-ecosystem okungeyona eyazo. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlukanise kahle kakhulu izinhlobo ezihlaselayo kwezingezona ezomdabu. Izinhlobo ze-allochthonous yilezo ezilethwa ngokuzithandela kepha azikwazi ukungena kwi-ecosystem.
Ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kusisiza ukuba sisondele ezindaweni, emasikweni nakubantu kodwa futhi ezinhlotsheni zezilwane nezitshalo ezingaba yingozi ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Isibonelo, eSpain sinethulo lokulahlwa okukhulu kwe-Asia okungadala izinkinga ezinkulu. Lezi zinyovu zingenye yezinsongo ezinkulu ekusindeni kwezinye zezinhlobo ezi-autochthonous eSpain.
I-biology yezinhlobo zamakholoni
Izinhlobo ezihlanganisa amakoloni yilezo ezinye izindawo ziyethulwa futhi zilawulwa ukujwayela, ukusungula, ukuzala kabusha nokusabalalisa kuze kube yilapho zihlanganisa yonke imvelo. Lapho sebenze ikoloni imvelo, bayakwazi ukwakha abantu abasha futhi badale imithelela kokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo, ezempilo noma ezomnotho esifundeni. Sikhuluma ngemithelela yezomnotho ngoba izinhlobo eziningi zamakholoni zithinta kakhulu ezolimo.
Izinkinga eziningi ezingazibangela zivela ekusebenzeni njengezilwane ezidla ezinye nokuvimbela ukukhula kwezinhlobo zemvelo. Futhi ziyakwazi ukushintsha indawo yokuhlala nokuguqula inhlabathi ngokomzimba nangokwemvelo. Yizinhlobo ezisebenza ngokuncintisana nezinhlobo zomdabu futhi zincintisana ngokudla nendawo. Esinye isici sezinhlobo zamakoloni ukuthi bangakwazi ukuxubana nezinhlobo zomdabu bese bethula izimuncagazi nezifo ezintsha.
Imiphumela yokuhlasela ngokwemvelo ingabonakala empilweni yomuntu. Futhi ngukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zamakholoni zingaletha izifo, zibangele ukungezwani komzimba noma zibe yingozi kubantu. Masingakhohlwa ukuthi amasosha ethu omzimba abuye asetshenziselwe ukuhlangabezana nezinhlobo ezithile zezitshalo nezilwane zomdabu futhi amelana nazo. Noma kunjalo, uma ngokungazelelwe uhlobo olusha lungena emvelweni yethu, amasosha omzimba amaningi kungenzeka angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nalezi zinhlobo futhi abangele ukungezwani komzimba. Konke lokhu kusho ukuthi umthelela emnothweni ungabonakala futhi ubangele ukwehla noma ukunyamalala kwemisebenzi efana nemfuyo, ezolimo, umsebenzi wokudoba kanye nomonakalo embonini yezokuvakasha, phakathi kokunye.
Khumbula ukuthi akuzona zonke izinhlobo zamakholoni ezihlaselayo. Abanye abakwazi ukujwayela imvelo noma bande ngenkululeko. Isibonelo, kunezilwane eziningi zasemapulazini nezitshalo zensimu ezingasongeli yonke insimu yize zifakwe kolunye uhlelo lwemvelo okungelona olwazo. Abanye futhi bayakwazi ukujwayela nokukhulisa ngaphandle kokulimaza i-ecosystem efana namazambane nommbila. Ngale ndlela, zingaguqulwa zibe izinhlobo ezisunguliwe.
Isingeniso sezinhlobo zamakoloni
Sizobona ukuthi izinhlobo zamakholoni zifakwa kanjani kwezinye izindawo nezinhlelo zezinto eziphilayo ezihlukile kwezazo. Kungenzeka ngokungenelela komuntu, kungaba ngamabomu noma cha, nangezimo zemvelo. Sizocacisa ngeminye yemibandela efanelekile yokwethulwa kwezinhlobo zamakoloni:
- Izinhlobo zokuhweba: izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo zamakoloni zifakwa kwezinye izinto eziphilayo ngokuthengiswa kwezitshalo nezilwane ezingaphandle. Lokhu kubhekwa njengesizathu esiyinhloko futhi kubhekwa njengecala lokushushumbisa ngokungemthetho.
- Ezokuvakasha: Ukuvakashela kwamanye amazwe kunomthelela ekwandisweni kwezinhlobo ezingaziwa, kungaba ngamabomu noma ngengozi.
- Ukuzingela nokudoba ezemidlalo: Le yimisebenzi ethule izilwane ezinjenge-Atlas mouflon kanye ne-catfish engxenyeni enkulu yeYurophu.
- Ukuthuthwa kwamazwe omhlaba: iziqukathi zemithwalo yemikhumbi yezentengiselwano, izikebhe zemikhumbi nezindawo zokubamba izindiza kuyizindawo lapho izinhlobo zezinhlobo zamakoloni zingangena ngokunyenya.
- Ukukhishwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo: Kungesinye isici esibalulekile okufanele usinakekele ekwandisweni kwezinhlobo ezingezona ezomdabu kwezinye izindawo. Isibonelo, i-parakeet, i-raccoon, neFlorida yizibonelo zezilwane ezihamba phambili ezingabalingani ezifike zakha ikoloni lohlelo lapho zishiywa ngabanikazi bazo noma zibaleka.
- Uboya nezitshalo: imfashini nokulinywa kwezimbali bekuyindlela yokuphuma kwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezifana ne-mink yaseMelika eYurophu nezinye izitshalo ezinjengeNopal cactus e-Afrika nase-Oceania.
Ungazilawula kanjani izinhlobo ezihlaselayo
Siyazi ukuthi ukwethulwa kwalezi zinhlobo kunemiphumela emibi emvelweni. Kungathinta nokuphepha kokudla, ukulawulwa kwezifo, kanye nomnotho wezwe. Ama- $ 33.500 billion alahleka minyaka yonke ngenxa yezinhlobo zezilwane.
Ukuze ulawule ukunwetshwa kwalezi zinhlobo, isu eliphakeme kumele lihlongozwe ukucubungula wonke la maphuzu:
- Umthetho owenqabela ukungeniswa kwezinhlobo ezingaphandle kwamanye amazwe.
- Ukuvimbela ngokuqapha okukhulu emigwaqweni yabo yokungena.
- Ukutholwa okusheshayo nokuphendula ukuvimbela uhlobo olwethulwayo ukuthi lusungule ngokwalo.
- Ukuqedwa kwezinhlobo ezihlaselayo ezikwazile ukwanda.
- Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane kulezo zimo lapho ukuqeda kungenzeki khona.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezinhlobo zamakholoni kanye nezici zazo.