Lapho sikhuluma ngokuhlukile izinhlobo zamahlathi kumele sibheke kuma-biomes asabalele umhlaba wonke. Lawa ma-biomes aqukethe iqoqo lezinto eziphilayo ezingaba nezici ezahlukahlukene kuye ngesimo sezulu kanye nokwakheka komhlaba ngakunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo ngalunye lwehlathi lunezakhi ezahlukahlukene zebhayoloji, ezinikezela ngokuhlukahluka okukhulu, kanye nezakhi ze-abiotic. Ngale ndlela, sithola izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamahlathi ezinjengehlathi elipholile, eliyisibungu, elishisayo, elinamagqabi noma elihlala liluhlaza, phakathi kokunye.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngezinhlobo zamahlathi kanye nezici zawo eziyinhloko.
Izinhlobo nezici zehlathi
Into yokuqala ukwazi ukuthi yini ihlathi. Kuyisimo sasemhlabeni esinezindawo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo ezinokuhlukahluka okumangazayo kwemvelo. Emahlathini sithola inani elikhulu lezihlahla, amahlathi nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo. Siphinde futhi sithole izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane nezinye njengama-bacteria kanye nesikhunta.
Zonke izinto eziphilayo zakha izakhi ze-biotic emahlathini nakwe-geology yizici ze-abiotic nezakhi. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwehlathi sithola ubukhulu besinye noma esinye. Asikutholi ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo ehlathini elibushelezi njengasehlathini elishisayo.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamahlathi kuyinkimbinkimbi impela ngoba kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokukwazi ukuhlukanisa. Enye yezindlela ezisetshenziswayo ukwehlukanisa izinhlobo zamahlathi isimo sezulu nobude. Amahlathi ahlukaniswa ngokwesimo sezulu sawo, ububanzi, amahlamvu, ukukhulelwa, ukungenelela komuntu nomthelela wawo kanye nokungenelela okukhona kuwo. Ake sihlaziye izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene.
Izinhlobo zamahlathi ngokwesimo sezulu se-latitude
Ihlathi lesibungu
Sinezi zinhlobo zamahlathi ezaziwa ngegama le-taiga. Lawa ngamahlathi atholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho yomhlaba futhi ayizindawo ezinezihlahla ezibandayo. Amazinga okushisa aso aphakathi kobude obungu-20 degrees kanye nobuncane obungu -60 degrees ebusika. Yizifunda ezibanzi ezithatha ingxenye yamazwe ahlukahlukene esithola phakathi kwawo I-Alaska, Sweden, Norway, Canada, Finland neRussia.
Ezimileni ezigqamile zehlathi le-taiga sithola izihlahla zikaphayini nezemisipres nezilwane ezinjenge-reindeer, elk, amabhere ansundu. ama-wolverines, isikhova sokhozi, i-osprey ne-boreal lynx, phakathi kwabanye.
Ihlathi elipholile
Yilawo mahlathi ahluka ngokuya ngesimo sezulu sobubanzi esizithola sikuso. Zivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezifudumele futhi ziyizifunda ezinamahlathi eziphakathi kwama-hemispheres, yize kutholakala kakhulu engxenyeni esenyakatho. Ziyizifunda ezinamazinga okushisa aphakathi nendawo lapho kunezimvula eziningi nezilwane ezinekhono lokulala ubusika. Ezinye izilwane ziyindawo yami enhle yokufudumala ngenkathi yokuzalanisa. Umhlabathi ucebile impela futhi uvundile ngenxa yokuthi unesembozo esiminyene kakhulu sezitshalo namazinga acebile omswakama. Lezi zimo zemvelo zithanda ukuthuthukiswa kwe-humus njengomanyolo ophilayo.
Amahlathi angaphansi komhlaba
Amahlathi la zifudumele ngandlela thile ngamazinga okushisa angama-22 futhi aseduze nendawo eshisayo. Izimila zivame ukuba nkulu kakhulu futhi zibe namaqabunga abanzi. Imelela imvula yayo ephakeme nezinkathi ezimakwe kakhulu zonyaka. Lapha kunamahlathi kaphayini, amahlathi aqabulayo, amahlathi ashisayo namahlathi omile asezindaweni ezishisayo.
Ihlathi laseTropical
Kungenxa yehlathi elitholakala endaweni eshisayo yama-hemispheres. Ingenye yezindawo ezishisa kakhulu nemvula ngenxa yokushisa kwayo okuphezulu. Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lizungeze ama-27 degrees. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamahlathi ngokwezifunda:
- Umswakama noma ihlathi elishisayo lemvula. Kuyaziwa nangokuthi yihlathi lemvula
- Ihlathi elishisayo elomile.
- Ihlathi leMonsoon.
- Amaxhaphozi noma amahlathi ezikhukhula
- Imihlume
Izinhlobo zamahlathi ngokusho kwamahlamvu
Lowo simthola ehlukaniswe ngokwamaqabunga awo:
- Ihlathi le-evergreen: Yilezo ezinamaqabunga ahlala eluhlaza. Lawa maqabunga agcinwa unyaka wonke.
- Ihlathi elinqunyiwe: Kuyihlathi elihlwabusayo futhi lisho ukuthi ziwa ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka ziphinde zihlume kwezinye.
Ngokuya ngohlaza
Ngaphandle kwamaqabunga, ibuye ihlukaniswe ngokuya ngezihlahla ezitholakala kula mahlathi:
- Amahlathi eConiferous: yilezo ikakhulukazi ezisendaweni yokuwa futhi ezigqamile ngokuba namazinga okushisa abandayo kakhulu. Izihlahla eziyinhloko ze-coniferous yizi-fines ne-firs. Zibizwa kanjalo ngoba zikhula zimise okwenziwe ngesigaxa.
- Amahlathi aluhlaza: zaziwa njengamahlathi okhuni oluqinile ngokuba nezitshalo eziningi kakhulu neziminyene. Amanye alawa mahlathi amahlathi futhi izihlahla ezikuwo zinamaqabunga abanzi kakhulu. Kula mahlathi singabuye sihlukanise ngokwesimo sezulu ihlathi lomswakama, ihlathi elomile, ihlathi le-montane, ihlathi le-montane ne-nimbosilva.
- Ihlathi elixutshiwe: Luhlobo lwe-biome yasemhlabeni lapho kuhlanganiswa khona izinhlobo ezimbili zangaphambilini. Inezimila ezijwayelekile zamahlathi e-coniferous namahlathi aqinile.
Ngokuya ngezinga lokungenelela
Kukhona ama-biomes asemhlabeni ngokuya ngezinga lokungenelela kwabantu noma cha:
- Amahlathi aphansi: Yilezo ezingazange zingenelwe ngumuntu futhi zingokwemvelo ngokuphelele. Bajwayele ukuba seqenjini lezikhala zemvelo ezivikelwe ukonga imvelo.
- Amahlathi anthropogenic: yilezo ezinemithelela ehlukahlukene, kungahle kube komuntu futhi kwenziwe noma kugcinwe izinto ezithile zemvelo.
Ngokuya ngezinga lomthelela womuntu
Ngokuya ngomonakalo odalwe ngabantu, sithola amahlathi alandelayo:
- Amahlathi aphansi: yilezo ezingokwemvelo ngokuphelele umuntu angenelele kuzo. Lapha ukulondolozwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo akuhambisani, ngoba kusezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu.
- Amahlathi wesibili: Yilezo lapho umuntu angenelele khona ukuze abe kule mithombo yemvelo. Kamuva babuyiselwa emahlathini.
- Amahlathi okwenziwa: yilezo ezidalwe ngqo ngokuphelele ngumuntu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inezici ezithile zemvelo kepha zibekwe ngumuntu ngokusobala ngakho. Yilapho kusebenza khona amahlathi.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezinhlobo zamahlathi, zonke izici zawo nokubaluleka kwawo.