Emakethe singahluka izinhlobo zamabhethri kuya ngezimpawu zayo kanye nokusetshenziswa esizokunika kona. Siyazi ukuthi amabhethri awalutho ngaphandle kwamaseli we-voltaic ahlinzeka abathengi ngenzuzo yokuphatha amandla kagesi nawo noma yikuphi, inqobo nje uma izimo zikuvumela.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamabhethri akhona, izici zawo nokusetshenziswa kwawo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izici eziyinhloko zamabhethri. Ngokuvamile, amabhethri angatholakala ehlukanisiwe, yize nawo ehlanganiswe womabili ngokulandelana nangokufana. Le sethi yamabhethri kahle ukuthi afane nebhethri. Igama elithi cell cell livame ukusetshenziswa ngokungakhethi, noma ngabe ziyefana. Kuphela, iningi lemigqa alikwazi ukuvuselelwa kusuka ngenkathi amabhethri ekwazi.
Izitaki zingafika ngemibala eminingi, ubujamo, nobukhulu njengoba zingenziwa ngento eyodwa noma enye. Into ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni ukwakheka kwangaphakathi, okuyilapho kwenzeka khona ukuphendula kwamakhemikhali okunesibopho sokwenza ugesi. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zesakhiwo sangaphakathi yizo ezisebenzela ukwehlukanisa omunye komunye. Isibonelo, phakathi kwamabhethri ajwayelekile kakhulu esiwasebenzisayo amabhethri ane-alikhali. Ukuphela kwe-alkaline kubhekisa endaweni lapho kukhishwa khona nokugeleza kwama-electron kwenzeka. Le ndlela yokuxhumana iyisisekelo, okungukuthi, ine-pH enkulu kuno-7 futhi ilawulwa yizinyoni nezinye izindleko ezingezinhle.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo zebhethri
Sizobona ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamabhethri ngokuya ngokusebenzisa kwawo kanye nezici zawo. Sizokwazi isimo lapho bahlukaniswa khona emhlabeni wonke njengezitaki eziyinhloko nezitaki zesibili.
Amabhethri ayisisekelo
Lolu hlobo yilezo okuthi uma sezidliwe, zilahlwe noma zenziwe kabusha. Futhi yilokho ukusabela kwamakhemikhali lapho iqinisa lo mbane kagesi awunakulungiswa ngokuphelele. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi ibhethri lingakwazi ukuvuselelwa. Zisetshenziswa kakhulu kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kungenakwenzeka ukufaka amandla kagesi kabusha. Isibonelo, sinamadivayisi ezempi phakathi nendawo yempi. Zenzelwe nemishini engadli amandla amaningi, ukuze ihlale isikhathi eside. Esinye isibonelo sokusetshenziswa kwamabhethri ayinhloko izilawuli kude neziduduzi eziphathwayo.
Amabhethri ane-alikhali angawohlobo lwamabhethri ayinhloko. Okujwayelekile kakhulu kunokwakheka okuyindilinga, yize kungasho ukuthi kungabuye kube sesekondari noma kungalayishwa kabusha.
Amabhethri wesibili
Ngokungafani namaphrimari, lolu hlobo lungavuselelwa uma sebephelelwe ngamandla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwawo kungaguqulwa ngokuphelele. Amandla kagesi athile angasetshenziswa kubo ukudala kabusha uhlobo lomkhiqizo oluguqula ophendulayo futhi. Ngale ndlela kuqala ukusabela kwamakhemikhali.
Amanye amabhethri wesibili aziwa njengamabhethri futhi ngokuvamile amancane ngosayizi. Noma kunjalo, enzelwe amadivayisi asebenzisa amandla amaningi futhi lapho ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri ayinhloko bekungeke kusetshenziselwe futhi kube nokonga. Isibonelo, amabhethri omakhalekhukhwini aqukethe nolwesibili. Imvamisa zenzelwe imishini emikhulu noma amasekethe afana namabhethri emoto akhiwe ngamabhethri amaningana noma amaseli we-voltaic.
Into ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ukuthi lezi zizobiza kakhulu kunamaphrimiyamu, kepha esikhathini eside zigcina ngokuba inketho efanelekile futhi esebenzayo.
Ezinye izici
Noma ngabe amabhethri ayisisekelo noma wesibili, ahlukaniswa ngokokuma kwawo. Isilinda, unxande noma inkinobho noma nazo zihlukaniswa ngokuya ngedivayisi ezenzelwe yona. Lapha sithola amakhamera, izimoto, ama-calculator, njll. Esinye isici yi-voltage. Zisukela ku-1.2 kuye ku-12 volts futhi zithanda impilo yazo ewusizo futhi amanani azo ahlukaniswa ngezici ezahlukahlukene.
Izinhlobo zebhethri
Ake sibheke ukuthi yiluphi uhlu lwezinhlobo zamabhethri akhona:
- Amabhethri e-Carbon-zinc: Yizinto zakudala kakhulu futhi njengamanje zibhekwa njengokungasetshenziswa uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo. Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri ane-alikhali, anezindleko eziphansi, kepha isikhathi esifushane sokuphila namandla kagesi aphansi. Ziqukethe i-zinc nenduku ye-graphite.
- Amabhethri ane-alikhali: Ziyafana kakhulu nezedlule, ngomehluko wokuthi indawo lapho kutholakala khona ama-electrode iqukethe ama-OH- anions. 1Zivame ukuza ngama-voltages nosayizi ohlukile, yize okuvame kakhulu yi-1.5 V. Ziyaziwa kakhulu kuyo yonke imakethe.
- Mercury amabhethri: yizo ezivame ukudideka nebhethri le-dioxide yesiliva. Ziyisici esihle kakhulu ngokuma kwenkinobho yazo eyingqayizivele yesiliva. Futhi ane-alkaline kepha i-mercury oxide ifakiwe ngaphezu kwe-graphite ne-manganese dioxide. Amadivayisi amancane afana namawashi, ama-calculator, izilawuli zamathoyizi, njll. Ajwayele ukwenziwa.
- I-oxide yesiliva: Isici esikhulu esinala mabhethri ukuthi uma elahliwe amele inkinga enkulu emvelweni. Futhi ukuthi le nsimbi inezinto ezinkulu ezinobuthi. I-oxide yesiliva ibiza kakhulu kune-mercury kepha ayingcolisi kangako.
- Nickel-cadmium amabhethri: Lolu uhlobo lweseli lesibili noma ibhethri. Njenge-mercury, ziyingozi kakhulu emvelweni ngenxa ye-cadmium yensimbi. Zibonakala ngokukhiqiza imisinga yamandla kagesi ephezulu futhi ingavuselelwa izikhathi eziningi. Imvamisa zingavuselelwa cishe izikhathi ezingama-2000, okuyinika ukuqina okungaphezu kokujwayelekile.
- I-Nickel-metal hydride amabhethri: Ngenye yezinto ezaziwa kakhulu futhi idlula ezedlule ngamandla emandla. Ingabonakala kaningi ngamafomethi we-cylindrical anamathele kubhethri. Inezici ezifanayo njengamabhethri e-cadmium angaphambilini kepha yehluka kakhulu ku-electrode yayo engeyona. I-cathode akuyona i-cadmium, kepha ingxubevange yokuhlangana komhlaba ongavamile nezinsimbi eziguqukayo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamabhethri, ukusetshenziswa kwawo nezimpawu zawo eziyinhloko.