Imfashini esheshayo imayelana nokukhuthaza isenzo sokuthenga, ukusebenzisa nokulahla. Ngokusobala, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ukwenza izingubo kwakubangela imithelela emibi kakhulu emvelweni. Baningi izingubo zokugqoka ezicekela phansi iplanethi.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nemikhiqizo yezingubo ezibhubhisa iplanethi.
Izimpahla zezingubo ezicekela phansi iplanethi
Abathengi bangabhekana nobungozi bomthelela wemvelo osheshayo ngokufunda ukuhlonza izinhlobo zemfashini ezisheshayo nangokushintshela ku imikhiqizo esimeme esekela ukusetshenziswa kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza nezinto zokwakha ezinokuziphatha okuhle nezingcono emhlabeni.
Akukhona nje ngalokho okuthengayo, kodwa ukuthi wenzani ngezingubo uma usuqedile ngazo. Ungenza okuhle ngokugaya kabusha izingubo zakho esikhundleni sokuzilahla.
Iyini ngempela imfashini esheshayo?
Ingubo noma isikibha esilenga eshalofini lesitolo cishe kuyimfashini esheshayo. Isitolo esiklama kabusha ama-mannequins aso ngezingubo ezintsha njalo ngesonto, noma iwebhusayithi ebuyekeza imikhiqizo yayo nsuku zonke, nayo iyimfashini esheshayo.
Ngokuyisisekelo, imfashini eshibhile iyimfashini esheshayo. Igama lisho imodeli yebhizinisi lapho abakhiqizi bamisa khona uhlelo lokuphindaphinda ngokushesha izitayela zakamuva ezibonwa kosaziwayo nasemibukisweni yemigwaqo yezindiza, bezithengisela amakhasimende ngenani elincane leqoqo lomklami. Amaqoqo afana nalawa akhiqizwa ngobuningi, akhuthaza iphethini yokuthenga kuyilapho kulahlwa ngokushesha izinto zezingubo ezintsha.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, izingubo eziningi zaziklanyelwe ukulingana nomzimba wakho, kungaba esitolo esikhethekile noma ekhaya. Izingubo zokugqoka zingathatha amaviki ukuthi zidalwe. Konke lokho kwaqala ukuguquka, futhi kusaqhubeka kwenza kanjalo, njengoba imigqa yemihlangano nezimboni ezaziyizimpawu zeNguquko Yezimboni kancane kancane zaba umgogodla wokukhiqiza izingubo.
Kusukela ngawo-1960, lapho umMelika ovamile ethenga izingubo zokugqoka ezingaphansi kuka-25 ngonyaka, imfashini yaqala ukuhamba ngokushesha futhi izinqubo zokukhiqiza zavela ukuze zihambisane nokushintsha kokuthanda.
Ijubane liye laphakama kusukela ngaleso sikhathi: Umuntu waseMelika ovamile wathenga izingubo ezingaba ngu-68 ngonyaka ngo-2018. Ngokocwaningo oluthile, isilinganiso sempahla yokugqoka sigqokwa izikhathi eziyisikhombisa ngaphambi kokuba ilahlwe ngaphandle.
Zashonaphi zonke izingubo ezingasetshenzisiwe? Ngokwe-Environmental Protection Agency, amathani ayizigidi eziyi-10,5 ezindwangu (iningi lazo okwakuyizingubo zokugqoka) agcwaliswa udoti ngo-2015.
Izibonelo zemikhiqizo yemfashini esheshayo
Umkhiqizo owaziwa kakhulu waseSpain u-Zara ungomunye wamaphayona emfashini esheshayo. Yasungulwa ngo-1975, umthengisi waziwa ngokukhiqiza izingubo ezisezingeni eliphezulu ngamanani aphansi. Le modeli ilingiswe abanye abathengisi abaningi abahlanganisa i-H&M, Shein, Boohoo, Uniqlo, Topshop, Primark, Mango nabanye abaningi.
Imfashini eshibhile yenziwa ngezisebenzi ezishibhile nezinto ezishibhile. Ezinye izimpawu okufanele uzibheke zihlanganisa:
- Izindleko eziphansi. Enye yezindlela ezilula zokubona uhlobo lwemfashini olusheshayo ukubheka amanani abo. Uma zizinhle kakhulu ukuba zibe yiqiniso, cishe zinjalo.
- I-synthetic fiber. Nakuba eminye imikhiqizo ye-premium yenziwe nge-polyester, i-rayon, nenayiloni, imfashini esheshayo ivame ukusebenzisa lezi esikhundleni sezindwangu zemvelo ezifana nekotini nosilika.
- Ukuqeda ukuthinta okubi. Hlola ama-seams nezinkinobho. Ngemfashini esheshayo, ama-seams alula ukudabula futhi izinkinobho zikhululekile.
- Zungezisa amasheya. Amabhrendi abuyekeza i-inventory yawo isonto ngalinye noma amabili alandela imodeli yemfashini esheshayo ukuze agcine abathengi bethenga, belahla, futhi bethenga okwengeziwe.
Imithelela yemikhiqizo yezingubo ecekela phansi iplanethi
Ukubeka zonke lezi zingubo ezintsha ezandleni zabathengi kusho ukusika amakhona ekwakhiweni, ekukhiqizeni nasekuthumeleni ngemikhumbi. Enye yezindwangu ezishibhile nezithandwa kakhulu yi-polyester, ngeshwa eza ne-wardrobe egcwele izinkinga. Ukuze uqalise, kudingeka imiphongolo kawoyela ecishe ibe yizigidi ezingama-432 ukuze kwenziwe izindwangu zokwenziwa unyaka ngamunye.
Lokhu kuthembela emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kukhiqiza igesi ebamba ukushisa ehambisana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Lezi zindwangu ezisekelwe epulasitiki ziphinde zibe usongo lokufafaza ama-microplastics (izingcezu ezincane zepulasitiki ezingu-8mm ubude) emishinini yokuwasha, bese igezelwa olwandle lwethu, ingcolise izilwandle neminye imigudu yamanzi.
Ngisho nezindwangu zemvelo zingaba yinkinga uma zisetshenziswa abathengisi bemfashini abasheshayo. Ngo-2019 kuphela, isivuno sikakotini esivamile sase-US sasidinga amakhilogremu ayizigidi ezingu-68 ezibulala-zinambuzane. Lawa makhemikhali awahlali ezitshalweni zikakotini kuphela, kodwa futhi angcolisa umhlabathi ngamanzi agelezayo futhi abeke engcupheni yokungcoliswa kwamanzi nenhlabathi emiphakathini yendawo.
Imfashini esheshayo ayibi ngcono uma ifika esigabeni esilandelayo senqubo yokuklama: ukuhlanganisa yonke leyo mibala emihle. Kudingeka amathani amanzi angaba ngu-200 ukukhiqiza ithani elilodwa lezingubo ezidayiwe. Okubi nakakhulu ukuthi odayi bendabuko abasetshenziswayo bayingxube yamakhemikhali angaboli kahle uma engena emifuleni nasezilwandle.
Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, la makhemikhali aye anqwabelana endaweni ezungezile, futhi kwezinye izimo, imigudu yamanzi eduze nezimboni (lapho amanzi agelezayo aphuma enkambweni yokudaya engena khona) isiyingozi kakhulu ukuba ingaphathwa.
E-China, inhloko-dolobha yokukhiqiza izingubo emhlabeni, ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-70 emifula ingcolile futhi ibhekwa njengengakufanelekele ukudliwa abantu.
Izingubo ezishibhile zenziwe ngezisebenzi ezishibhile: 35 cents ngehora, okuyiholo lezisebenzi zasefekthri abenzela abathengisi abathile abadumile izingubo zokugqoka. Izimo zokusebenza ngezinye izikhathi aziphephile. Izindleko zemfashini esheshayo zagcizelelwa ingozi eyenzeka ebhilidini i-Rana Plaza e-Bangladesh ngo-2013, lapho ibhilidi elihlala amafekthri amahlanu liwa, kwashona izisebenzi zezingubo ezingaphezu kwe-1000.
Lesi sigameko esidabukisayo saqokomisa izimo ezinonya kule fektri, okuhlanganisa ukukhokhelwa kwezigqila, ukwephulwa kwamalungelo abasebenzi (kuhlanganise nezinsuku zamahora angu-14), ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba nangokwezwi, nokuchayeka kumakhemikhali anobuthi.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nemikhiqizo yezingubo ezibhubhisa iplanethi.