Kwiplanethi ebuswa ama-dinosaurs, ukushisa, nezilwane ezinkulu, izimvemvane namabhu sekuvele kwagcwala eMhlabeni, noma ngabe bezingekho izimbali.
Ukube bezingekho izimbali ongazondla futhi uzivotele, zazinjani izimvemvane zaleso sikhathi?
Ukuphenya izimvemvane
Izimvemvane zidinga umpe ezimbalini ukuze zondle. Lapho zihamba zisuka ezimbalini ziya ezimbalini, zibuye zenze impova lezi zimbali futhi zibe neqhaza ekukhiqizeni nasekukhuliseni kwazo. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sama-dinosaurs (emuva kumaJurassic naseCretaceous) Kwakungekho zimbali, kodwa kwakukhona izimvemvane.
Lesi ngesinye seziphetho esitholwe yithimba labacwaningi elihlaziye enye yemivubukulo yamvemvane endala kunazo zonke eyaziwayo kuze kube manje. Kutholakale edwaleni elidala eJalimane.
Ukutholakala okungenani kwezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa kusampula lamagremu ayishumi kuphela endle kukhombisa ukuthi amaLepidopterans abekhona emhlabeni isikhathi eside. okungenani iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-200.
Leli qembu lezinambuzane lingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi ezifundwayo ezinikezwe isimilo salo esihlukile semetamorphic, futhi imvelaphi yalo itholakale ukuthi isukela eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-70 ngaphambili kunalokho okwakucatshangwa ukuthi ikhona.
Imiphumela yocwaningo ishicilelwe ephephabhukwini iScience Advances. Ucwaningo luzama nokuqonda ukuvela kwezimvemvane namabhu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukongiwa kwazo esikhathini esizayo. Lapho kwenziwa amapulani wokongiwa kohlobo oluthile, ulwazi ngokudlula kwalo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni ukuvela kwalo kanye nokuchayeka kokuhlukahluka kwemvelo okuye kwabusa izikhathi ezedlule. Okungukuthi, kuJurassic naseCretaceous, ukuminyana kwesikhutha emkhathini kwakuphakeme kunokujwayelekile futhi amazinga okushisa ayephakeme. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo wakhuliswa kakhulu kunamanje.
Umboko nemfihlakalo yawo
Ososayensi basebenzise uhlobo lwe-asidi ukuncibilikisa amatshe asendulo futhi, ngale ndlela, bakwazile ukuthola izingcezwana zamatshe amancane lapho kuvela khona izikali zalezi zinambuzane. Izikali zisesimweni esiphelele sokongiwa.
"Sithole izinsalela ezincanyana zalezi zinto eziphilayo njengezikali," kuchaza uBas van de Schootbrugge, umcwaningi wase-University of Utrecht eNetherlands futhi ongumbhali ngokubambisana ocwaningweni.
Amanye amabhu nezimvemvane ezitholakele ziseqenjini elisekhona futhi elamanje. Leli qembu linolimi olude ku isiqu somzimba abasisebenzisela ukuncela umpe. Noma kunjalo, ngaleso sikhathi izimbali zazingakabikho. Kungenzeka kanjani lokhu? Akuwenzi umqondo ukuthi izimvemvane zenze amashubhu okumunca umpe uma zingekho izimbali eziqukethe umpe onjalo.
"Ukutholakala kwethu kukhombisa ukuthi leli qembu (elinohlobo lolimi) obekufanele ngabe liguquka ngezimbali empeleni likhulu impela," kuphawula uSchootbrugge.
Lokhu kuba sobala lapho kwaziwa ukuthi kwiJurassic bekukhona izinqwaba zama-gymnosperms okuthi, yize zingavezi izimbali, zikhiqiza umpe olunoshukela ukubamba impova emoyeni. Ngalesi sizathu, izimvemvane zondla umpe wamanye ama-gymnosperms afana nama-conifers ngaphambi kokuba avele. izimbali eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-130 edlule.
Lobu bufakazi obusha bukhombisa ukuthi lomlomo ohlanganisiwe kungenzeka usebenze omunye umsebenzi ngaphambi kokuvela kwezitshalo eziqhakazayo.
Okusetshenziswayo kokongiwa
Lolu cwaningo luhlinzeka ngemininingwane emisha ewusizo yokongiwa kwezimvemvane ezindaweni ezinzima. Zisitshela nokuthi lezi zinambuzane zikwazi kanjani ukwenza amakoloni wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwase-Antarctica.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi iLepidoptera wasinda ekuqothulweni okukhulu ekupheleni kweTriassic eqothule izinhlobo eziningi zomhlaba. Ngalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi izimvemvane zikwenze kanjani ukusinda kulokhu kushabalala lapho kubhekene nokuthi ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kungabathinta kanjani.