En I-China ithengisa izimoto ezishibhile zikagesi kunakuwo wonke amanye umhlaba ehlangene. Lokhu kubikwe yi-Reuters agency, nayo egxile kwi uhlobo lwemoto olunqobayo futhi ngezizathu zabo.
Ngokungafani nezinye izimakethe, njengaseMelika noma enyakatho yeYurophu, ezweni lase-Asia amamodeli akhuthaza lobu buchwepheshe Yimikhiqizo yamaShayina futhi inamandla amancane okuzimela kunabanye abenzi bamazwe angaphandle abanjengoTesla noma uNissan.
Izimoto zikagesi ziyiqiniso. Ezikhathini zakamuva bafinyelele ezingeni lokuzimela, ukusebenza nentengo ebenzayo inketho evumelekile ngokuphelele yenani elikhulayo labashayeli, ngemfuneko kuphela yokuba nendawo yokuxhuma egalaji futhi ungenzi uhambo olude kakhulu kune-100 km phakathi kwama-recharges.
Amadolobha amakhulu ayindawo yemvelo yezimoto ezishibhile zikagesi. Emizileni yasemadolobheni bayisikhali esichazayo Futhi ngenxa yokuthula kwabo okuphelele, induduzo, ukushesha kokushayela ngaphandle kokushintshwa kwamagiya nokungabikho kwentuthu, bakhombisa ukuphakama okukhulu kakhulu kangangokuthi bazosenza sibone izimoto zomlilo "ezindala" njengezinjini ezindala zomoya.
Izimoto zikagesi ezishibhile eChina
Okwamanje kunentuthuko enkulu kwezentengiselwano kuma-giants ase-Asia, konke kwaqala ngenxa ye- inqubomgomo enobudlova eyethulwe yiBeijing, lapho uHulumeni ekhuthaza ukufakwa kanye nokwenziwa ngemixhaso ebalulekile ekuthengeni, imoto kagesi ibhekene nokudlondlobala eChina.
Ngonyaka odlule babhalisa phakathi kwezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi kanye nama-plug-in hybrids (noma i-plug-in) ngaphezu kwengxenye yesigidi izimoto, kucabangani ukwanda okungaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-60 ngaphezu konyaka odlule.
Izinhloso
Ngo-2020, izwe selizibekele umgomo kuze kube Izimoto eziyi-5 million yalolu hlobo ijikeleza emigwaqeni yalo; Futhi ngalokhu kutshala izigidigidi zamadola kwizinsizakusebenza ezinkampanini zendawo ezifana ne-BYD noma i-BAIC ukuzikhiqiza ngezinga elikhulu. Ngaphezu kokufukula ukuhamba okusimeme kwezinye izithuthi zomphakathi njengetekisi noma ibhasi.
Futhi, ngaphandle kobuholi obuzuzwe yiChina ngokuphelele, ijubane lokuqalisa ukusebenza akubonakali kwanele ukuhlangabezana nezinhloso zezwe uqobo.
NgoSepthemba wangonyaka odlule, uHulumeni waseChina, onenkinga enkulu yokungcola emadolobheni akhe, wamemezela uhlelo lokuqalisa olwasungula ukuthi ama-8% ukubhaliswa okusha ngo-2018 kwakudingeka babe izimoto ezihlanzekile zikagesi kanye nama-plug-in ama-hybrids. Ngo-2019 kufanele bafinyelele ku-10% kuthi ngo-2020 babe ngu-12%.
Kodwa-ke, inkampani yakwaReuters ibike ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule ukuthi uhulumeni waseChina ucabanga ukwenqaba lezi zinhloso unyaka owodwa, okungukuthi, ukubeka inani elingu-8% lango-2019.
Inkinga yokungcola
Inkinga yemvelo eChina Ifinyelela emazingeni angakaze abonwe ngaphambili. Amadolobha amakhulu asuka kwesinye isexwayiso esibomvu esiya kwesilandelayo, intuthu iqhubekela phambili njengesiphepho sesihlabathi, ukuthengiswa kwamamaski kukhule kakhulu, futhi kwenzeka okufanayo nangokugxeka uhulumeni. Kepha sisuka lapha singazibuza, Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Isizathu sihlanganisa izinto eziningi, kusuka kwezimboni kanye nomfutho, kuya kwezwe.
Ngeshwa sekuyisithombe esivame kakhulu: IBeijing, inhlokodolobha yaseChina, imbozwe yintuthu. Iziphathimandla zihlole izinketho eziningi. Ukuvinjelwa okuqondile, imvula yokufakelwa, ama-drones ... akukho okubonakala kusebenza. Inkinga ukuthi awukho umqondo omkhulu ekuhlaseleni i-foci ngayinye. Ukungcola kudinga ukubumbana, futhi isikhathi esilahlekile, intengo ekhokhwa ngabantu iyanda.
Enye yalezi zingxenye kungaba yimoto kagesi eshibhile.
ENorway
I-China ne-akhawunti yase-US ye-60% yazo zonke izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi emhlabeni. Kepha umfundi onenzuzo yangempela ekusetshenzisweni kwalolu hlobo lokuhamba yiNorway. Izimoto ezingama-28,76% ezibhaliswe kulokhu izwe laseNordic ngo-2016 babengugesi, ngaphezu kuka-0,52% wesilinganiso somhlaba.
Ngosuku olujwayelekile, cishe izimoto ezingama-32.000 zikagesi zijikeleza phakathi kwe-Oslo neTrondheim. Esinye sezizathu, njengaseChina, yisibonelelo esivulekile esivela kuhulumeni waseNorway. Intela encane, ukuvuselelwa kwamahhala noma ukuthanda okujikelezayo ngezinye zezindlela zokuxhasa. ENorway izimoto zikagesi zingasebenzisa umzila webhasi, inzuzo enkulu ngezikhathi eziphakeme.
Eqinisweni, amaqembu amakhulu ezepolitiki eNorway Bavumile vimbela ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezinamandla ezisebenzisa amandla ezimbiwa kusuka ngo-2025 ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezinguquko eziphelele kunqubomgomo yalo yamandla.
Njengoba sibonile, izimoto ezishibhile ezisebenza ngogesi zisekelwa ngentengo, futhi njengoba iReuters isho, azinayo into "ekhethekile" efana nomkhiqizo Tesla, obheja ngaphandle kwamahloni ezimotweni ezisheshayo, ezinamandla okuzimela okukhulu,okuyizimoto zasekhaya esezivele ziyaphumelela eChina? Ake sibheke imoto kagesi eshibhile eneminyango emibili I-Chery eQ.
Ukuthengisa kakhulu izimoto ezishibhile zikagesi
I-Chery eQ
El IChery eQ ibiza ama-yuan angama-60.000 eShanghai, isilinganiso esilinganayo se- ngaphansi kancane kwama-euro angama-8.200 nesibonelelo sifakiwe. Ngaphandle kwalolu sizo, belungabiza ngaphezu kwama-yuan ayi-100.000, okungukuthi, okungaphezudlwana kwama-euro ayizi-13.600.
I-General Motors (GM), isibonelo, yethule okusha kwayo Umshudo weChevrolet, ukuthi kubiza cishe ama- $ 30.000 ngemuva kokubandakanya isikweletu sikahulumeni esingu- $ 7.500.
Ngokusho kukaXie Chao, isisebenzi senkampani yamakhemikhali yaseShanghai: “Izimoto zikagesi ezishibhile zishibhile kakhulu eChina, uyazidinga imali encane yokuyithenga. Uma udinga kuphela imoto ukuze uye emsebenzini noma uzulazule edolobheni, nokusetshenziswa kwayo okungaphansi kokuncane I-100 km yokuzimela isivele ihamba kahle".
UXie uthi uthenge izimoto zikagesi ezishibhile ezintathu kusukela ngo-2015: a I-Anhui Jianghuai Automobile iEV4, a IBAIC EV160 futhi a UGeely Emgrand EV, eyodwa azoyisebenzisa, enye ibe ngeyomkakhe, enye ibe yerenti. Kuyamangalisa kodwa kuyiqiniso.
Ngokusho kukaZhang Dawei, oyi-CEO yomsabalalisi i-EVBuy, "izimoto ezishibhile kakhulu zikagesi zinama-specs afanayo, ngakho-ke intengo iyinto enqumayo ”. I-eQ esivele ishiwo ibiyi-el ukuthengisa kakhulu ezinyangeni zakamuva, "ngekhwalithi ehloniphekile ngentengo ephansi kakhulu." “Lawa ngamathuluzi ezokuthutha. Ukuhamba nje kuphela, cha ukuziqhayisa, noma ukuhlomisa ubuchwepheshe bamuva ", kuphetha yena.
Abanye abahlaziyi bezimakethe base-Asia nabo bayakhomba njengesici kulokhu kuqhuma kwabantu abaningi emadolobheni amakhulu Abesifazane baseChina bakhetha lezi zimoto ukuthi bazithole ipuleti lelayisense kalula. Futhi ukuthi kuze kufike kwengxenye yamadolobha amakhulu eChina asevele elawula izingqwembe zamalayisense ezimoto zikaphethiloli ezindabeni zokungcola. Ngenkathi benikeza ngokukhululekile izimvume ezimotweni ezishibhile zikagesi.
Enye ye okhiye bokuchaza ukuqhuma kwalezi zimoto ezishibhile zikagesi ezibhekene nazo eChina amanga, futhi, ku inqubomgomo yomxhaso. Futhi ngukuthi, kumenzi wangaphandle, kunzima ukuthola uhlobo loxhaso, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi baluthole uma besebenza ngokuhlanganyela nabalingani bendawo. Kuyindaba ye- UDenza, esekela iqembu laseJalimane iDaimler.
Noma kunjalo, noma ngosizo, i- Intengo isengaphezu kwabakhiqizi bendawo. Ukwehliswa kwezindleko kumikhiqizo yamaShayina, ngokusho kwayo yonke imibiko, kuhlala kunjalo ... ngaphandle kokuya ezimweni eziningi ekulahlekelweni okuqhubekayo kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Into engenzeki ezinkampanini ezinemali yakwamanye amazwe.
Manje bonke abahlaziyi banethemba lokuthi, kancane kancane, uma imodeli yabo yebhizinisi ihlanganisiwe, laba abakhiqizi abasha baseChina se nweba emhlabeni wonke. Noma kunjalo. Isibonelo eDetroit, Isithuthi se-GAC (ingxenye yeGuangzhou Automobile Group) ikhombise i- imoto entsha yombuso yezemidlalo kagesi ye-GE3. Futhi lapho umemezele ukuthi, yize ebenezinhlelo zokungena eMelika kulo nyaka ngo-2017, ekugcineni uzokulibazisa kuze kufike u-2019.
Changan BenBen EV
IBenBen ingenye yezimoto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu eChina ngohlobo lwayo lwamandla omlilo. Inkampani inqume ukwethula uhlobo lukagesi lwemodeli kulo Disemba. Kuzoba nokuzimela kwe- 200 amakhilomitha nentengo ye- I-8.200 euro.
I-Dongfeng Jingyi S50 EV
IJingyi S50 yisedan ekhiqizwa ngabakwaDongfeng Motors. Nakulokhu futhi, iyimoto ethandwa kakhulu ngohlobo lwayo lomlilo, kepha manje izobona ukufika kwenguqulo kagesi. Ngokuzimela kwe 250 amakhilomitha nentengo ye- I-16.400 euro.
Ezinye izimoto zikagesi
Amabhasi kagesi
Amabhasi kagesi ithuba elihle lokuqalisa ukuhamba kwamandla kagesi emadolobheni. Indlela ekahle yokuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezinhle zokuhamba njengokuhamba komphakathi namandla kagesi.
Kodwa-ke, ukuqaliswa kwamabhasi kagesi emadolobheni aseYurophu kuhamba kancane kunokulindelekile. Ngokuphambene nalokho kwenzeka eChina, lapho kunefayela le- ukubonisa okumangalisayo.
Ukukhula kokuthengiswa kwamabhasi kagesi kwaba namandla kakhulu eChina ngonyaka we-2016, lapho ingqikithi ye- Amayunithi we-115.7000, ngesabelo semakethe esingu-20%.
Igrafu ikhombisa ukuthi ushintsho lwenzeka kanjani ngo-2015, lapho ukudayiswa kwala mabhasi kwanda. U-2016 ukuqinisekisile lokhu kuguqulwa nge ukwanda kwamayunithi angaphezu kwama-20.000 XNUMX Ngonyaka odlule.
Amaveni kagesi
Amaveni kagesi aba yinto ethandwayo eChina. Izikhathi eziningi, zisetshenziselwa ukuhambisa abagibeli, zisebenza njengamabhasi amancane. Lokhu kunjalo nge-JAC Sunray i6, enamandla okufinyelela ku- Abantu abangu-12. Inokumemezela okumenyezelwe kwe 160 amakhilomitha, kodwa intengo ayisaziwa. Izongena emakethe ngesinye isikhathi ngo-2017.
Amaloli kagesi
Amaloli amancane nawo anemakethe yawo ku-giant yase-Asia. IJinbei JBC Qiyun EV inebanga le- 200 amakhilomitha yy ingaqhubeka ifike ku- 2.700 amakhilogremu
Imizamo eminingi emhlabeni
Yize kuqhakanjiswe "ukukhula okuqinile" ekuthengisweni kwalezi zimoto ngonyaka we-2016, i-International Energy Agency iveze ukuthi iyakwenza lokho ukufakelwa okunye akukho nokuthi kusese 'nendlela ende' okufanele ihanjiswe kuze kube yilapho izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi zenza 'igalelo elibalulekile' ezinhlosweni ze ukuncishiswa kokukhishwa kwegesi engcolisa umoya.
Le nhlangano igqamisa ukuthi, ngokwezibikezelo zabakhiqizi bezimoto uqobo, kulindeleke ukuthi ngonyaka wezi-2020 kusabalale phakathi kwezigidi eziyi-9 nezingama-20 emhlabeni. izimoto zikagesi. Lokho isitokwe kungaba phakathi kwezigidi ezingama-40 nezingama-70 ngo-2025, ngokusho kokubikezela okufanayo. Kepha i-ejensi iyakhumbula ukuthi, ukufeza izinhloso zesivumelwano saseParis, kuzodingeka sifinyelele kumayunithi ayizigidi ezingama-600 ngonyaka ka-2040.Ukusekelwa okuqinile kwezepolitiki kuyadingeka«, Uxwayisa i-International Energy Agency.
Iqiniso lemoto kagesi
Njengamanje uhla lwangempela lwemoto kagesi ludlula amakhilomitha ayi-100, kodwa izibalo ezisemthethweni eziseduze no-200 km akufanele zisidukise: Asisoze sazuza lelo nani laselebhu ezimeni zangempela. Njengoba kungelula ukuthola amaphuzu amashaja futhi kuyadingeka ukuthi ulinde amahora amaningi ukuthi amabhethri agcwaliswe ngokugcwele, ngokwenza lokhu kusho ukuthi zilungele kuphela ukwenza okungaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-100 ngosuku, kufanele sivuselele ubusuku bonke uma sifika kumkhawulo.
Ngalezi zindawo, izimoto ezishibhile zikagesi ziyindlela engcono kakhulu yomshayeli wasemadolobheni, kepha angikwazi ukushaya umgwaqo amabanga amade. Emgwaqweni omkhulu, ibhethri liyancibilika njengeqhwa e-cafe futhi uma kufanele sibhekane nemithambeka emikhulu izibalo kufanele zibe ngolukhuni kakhulu. Nokho, edolobheni kubonakala sengathi zihlala phakade ngoba amakhilomitha ahamba kancane kakhulu futhi umphumela wokuqalisa awubalimazi.
Iphuzu layo eliqinile ukuhamba kwezimoto zasemadolobheni, lapho isimilo sayo simangalisa khona. Kangangokuthi, uma uke wazama eyodwa edolobheni uyabona ukuthi zonke izimoto kufanele zibe ngogesi ukuzungeza phakathi kwemigwaqo. Imoto kagesi ayinayo i-clutch noma amagiya, kepha imoto ephenduka namasondo ime nayo, ngawo wonke amandla aguqulwa abe ukunyakaza okuzenzakalelayo nokuthula. Abadlulwa endaweni yabo yemvelo, kepha abakwazi ukuphuma kuyo.
Ukuqedela i-athikili, sizobona ezinye zezimoto zikagesi esingazibona thenga eYurophuKushibhile, izimoto zikagesi (uhlobo). Ngeke sifake amamodeli afana noTesla, njengoba edlala enye iligi.
Izimoto zikagesi zaseYurophu
I-BMW i3
IBMW i3 ukuzibophezela kweBMW ezimotweni ezihamba ngogesi. Okokuqala 100% imoto kagesi Kubiza ngamabhethri afakiwe futhi ngaphandle kokukhipha usizo lwe I-35.500 €.
Ifaka a 3G uhlelo lokuxhuma evumela wena ukulawula izici ezahlukahlukene zemoto ukude, xhuma kwi-Intanethi, uhlole isimo sethrafikhi, bheka i-Street View.
Esigabeni semishini, ifaka imoto yayo kagesi, iBMW eDrive enikeza imoto a Amandla we-170CV, kanye nezinye 22 noma 33 kWh amabhethri umthamo unikeze a ukuzimela okuphezulu okugunyaziwe okungama-300 km futhi a ijubane elikhulu lika-150km / h
ICitroën E-Mehari
I-E-Mehari iyi- imoto kagesi eguqukayo izihlalo ezine ezabelana ngezinto ezithile zobuhle neCactus M, isibonelo esethulwe yiCitroën ngoSepthemba 2015. Senziwa ngokubambisana nenkampani yaseFrance iBolloré, esivele imaketha imoto enezici ezifanayo ezibizwa nge-bluesummer.
Imoto kagesi ye-E-Mehari inamandla angama-68 hp futhi inikwa amandla amandla agcinwe ku ibhethri le-polymer 30 kWh lithium battery. Isikhathi esidingekayo ukuyishaja kabusha ngamahora ayisishiyagalombili esitolo se-8-amp namahora ayi-16 ku-13-amp outlet. Ngokusho kukaCitroën, i-E-Mehari ingahamba ibanga elingafinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-10 ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni (noma ezingaba yikhulu emigwaqeni esheshayo) futhi finyelela ku-110 km / h ngesivinini esiphezulu.
Intengo yayo ngu Usizo oluncane lwama-euro angama-26 kanye nemali ekhokhwa nyangazonke engu- € 87 ngenyanga yokuqasha ibhethri. Inani lalemali lizimele kumakhilomitha ahanjiwe ngonyaka.
I-Renault ZOE
El Renault Zoe iyicompact kagesi evelele yona Ukuzimela kwe-400 km ngokusho komjikelezo weNEDC.
Kutholakala ngamazinga entengo amane futhi sekuqediwe, kwethulwa njengowokuqala olungele ugesi ukulwa nawe kusuka kuwe neNissan Leaf. Itholakala ngobunikazi bebhethri noma njengenketho yokuqasha.
Esigabeni sayo sobuchwepheshe ifaka imoto kagesi yokushintshana kwamanje kwe 92 hp yamandla, ibhethri le- 41kWh Lithium Ion umthamo, isivinini esiphezulu Kunqunyelwe ku-135 km / h nokusheshisa 0 kuye ku-100 kumasekhondi ayi-12.
IVolkswagen e-Golf
IVolkswagen ibuyekeze isithonjana sayo ukumaka indlela eluhlaza eya kugesi, nge IVolkswagen e-Golf. Kuyinkompiyutha yokuqala yenkampani yaseJalimane eyenziwe ngokuya ngeModular Electric Propulsion Platform (MEB) entsha. Lokho iVolkswagen ikubiza ngokuthi "ukubusa ngentando yeningi kokuhamba okungasho lutho."
Isizukulwane sesibili sobuchwepheshe seGalofu kagesi siza nokuzimela okukhulu, amandla amaningi, imininingwane emisha yokwakhiwa kanye nomhlaba wangaphakathi onezinombolo.
I-Nissan Leaf
INissan LEAF iyimoto yokuqala eshibhile kagesi yeNissan yaseJapan futhi ethengiswa kakhulu namhlanje Amayunithi ayi-100.000 athengisiwes phakathi kweYurophu, i-United States neJapane.
Iqale ukuhweba kwayo ngo-2010 ngenguqulo ekwaziyo ukwenza 145km ngokusho komjikelezo weNEDC. Njengamanje ikhiphe ezinye izizukulwane ezimbili ezinamazinga amane we-trim (I-Visia, i-Visia +, i-Acenta neTekna).
Ngamandla webhethri we-24 kW ne-30 kW, ungafinyelela kufayela le- ukuzibusa kuka-250km, eyodwa Ukusheshisa okungu-0-100 kwama-11,5s namandla amakhulu we I-109 CV.