Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-ecosystem esiluhlaziya, kunezinhlobo zezilwane ezahlukahlukene. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngakho izilwane zomhlaba. Laba yilabo abachitha iningi lomjikelezo wabo wempilo emhlabeni. Lezi zilwane zingamaqembu ahlukene aguqukele ngokuzimela. Eziningi zalezi zilwane zenze ukujwayela okuhlukahlukene ukuze ziphile kule ndawo, zehluke kumvelo yasemanzini.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici, izindlela, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo nendlela yokuphila yezilwane zomhlaba.
Izici eziyinhloko
Into yokuqala okufanele uyiqaphele ngezilwane zomhlaba ukuthi zihamba endaweni eqinile enomoya ozungezile. Umehluko omkhulu kusuka ku- kwimvelo yasemanzini ukuthi umoya awuminyene kakhulu kunamanzi. Ngalesi sizathu, izilwane zasemhlabeni ziphoqeleka ukuthi zisekele isisindo sazo ngoba zinamandla amakhulu adonsela phansi. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye yokuzivumelanisa nezimo obekufanele bakwenze ukuze baphile kule ndawo kusuka kwezamanzi yileso sakhiwo somzimba esanele. Badinga amathambo angaphakathi nangaphandle nemisipha engakwazi ukuxhasa isisindo sabo.
Ngokwengeziwe, Omunye umehluko ovela endaweni yasemanzini yi-oxygen. Umoya-mpilo uyisici esiyisisekelo sokuthuthuka kwempilo. Iyancibilika emoyeni. Lokhu kwenza izilwane ezisemhlabeni ziveze amaphaphu, i-tracheae nokunye okuhlukile ukuze zikwazi ukumunca nokusebenzisa i-oxygen kuyo yonke imisebenzi yayo ebalulekile.
Ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi ezinye zezimo lezi zilwane ezingaphila ngazo:
Indawo yokuhlala yasemhlabeni
Lezi zinhlobo zezilwane zenze amasu okuzivumelanisa nezimo ukuze zikwazi ukusinda ezindaweni ezisemhlabeni. Impilo kule planethi yavela emanzini, okwakusho ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kufanele ziguquke endaweni lapho amandla adonsela phansi athinta kancane. Ngokolunye uhlangothi, i-oxygen incibilikiswa emanzini futhi kunezinye izithiyo zokuyifanisa. Emvelweni womhlaba izinga lokushisa lincane kakhulu kunasemanzini kanye nokutholakala komswakama. Ezindaweni ezihlala emhlabeni, izilwane zenziwa ngaphansi kwesenzo esikhulu samandla adonsela phansi futhi zizungezwe indawo enomoya omncane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukusho izehlakalo ezinkulu zemisebe yelanga kuzinto eziphilayo.
Ukushisa
Izinga lokushisa lingesinye isici okufanele usicabangele ekwakhiweni kwezilwane zasemhlabeni. Ukwehluka kwamazinga okushisa ezindaweni ezahlukene kungumkhiqizo wesigameko esikhulu noma esincane semisebe yelanga. Umhlaba upholile futhi ushise ngokushesha okukhulu kunamanzi. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, izilwane zasemhlabeni zenze ukujwayela ukuhlala ezindaweni ezomile, ezinomswakama, ezishisayo nezibandayo. Isibonelo sayo ibhere elisendaweni emhlophe. Eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eyedlule ikwazile ukuthuthukisa isikhumba esimbozwe izinwele ngaphansi koqweqwe olujiyile lwamafutha olusivikela emakhazeni alezi zinhlelo zemvelo.
Ithrekhi futhi isiza ukumunca ukushisa futhi ayigcini amafutha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinwele zibonisa ukukhanya okwenza zibe mhlophe ngokuphelele futhi zisebenza nokufihla ukuze zikwazi ukucasha eqhweni nokuzingela inyamazane yazo ngempumelelo.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezilwane zomhlaba: umswakama, ukuvikelwa kanye nesisindo somzimba
Okunye ukujwayela okudingeka ukuthi izilwane zasemhlabeni zikwenze ukukhuthazela ukuze zikwazi ukuphila ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene zomswakama. Ngokutholakala kwamanzi okuncane, kungalahleka amanzi amaningi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izilwane zasemhlabeni zenze izinhlelo zokulawula ukujuluka kwazo, njengoboya, uboya, nezinye izindlela. Ngenxa yalezi zindlela, ukulahleka kwamanzi ngokweqile kuyagwenywa.
Mayelana nesisindo somzimba, siyazi ukuthi umoya awuminyene kakhulu kunamanzi. Lokhu kuphoqe zonke izinhlobo zasemhlabeni ukuthi zisekele isisindo sazo futhi zithuthukise nezakhiwo zomzimba ukuze zikwazi ukusukuma nokunyakaza.
Izinhlobo zezilwane zomhlaba
Indlela eqondile kunazo zonke yokuhlukanisa izilwane zomhlaba kungokwamaqembu ahlukene wentela asungulwe ku-geology. Kunamaqembu ezilwane alandelayo: ama-annelids, ama-unicooros, izinambuzane, ama-myriapods, ama-arachnids, ama-crustaceans, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo. Amanye ala maqembu ezilwane nawo ahlala ezindaweni eziphila emanzini noma kuzo zombili ngasikhathi sinye. Sizohlaziya ezinye zezici eziyinhloko la maqembu anazo:
- Ama-Annelids: nali iqembu lezikelemu zomhlaba nezikelemu ezincane ze-cylindrical ezihlala enhlabathini. Bayakwazi ukucubungula umhlaba ukuze bathole izinto eziphilayo njengokudla.
- AmaMollusks: Ziyizilwane ezinomzimba othambile futhi zimbozwe yigobolondo. Iningi lalezi zinhlobo zasemanzini, kepha kuneminenke eminingi nama-slugs asemhlabeni.
- Ama-Amphibians: Banomjikelezo wokuphila ohlukaniswe phakathi komhlaba namanzi. Ezinye izinhlobo ikakhulukazi zasemhlabeni njengamasele, amaxoxo kanye nama-salamanders.
- Ama-insectos: Izinambuzane ziyiqembu lezilwane ezahlukahlukene kakhulu kule planethi. Izinhlobo eziningi zezinambuzane zisemhlabeni. Ukuze bazijwayeze le ndawo, bakha i-exoskeleton eyakhiwe ngento engazweli kahle ebizwa nge-chitin.
- Ama-Arachnids: ama-arachnids anendawo exoskeleton efana naleyo yezinambuzane. Zihamba ngemilenze ukuphefumula okungaba khona nge-trachea noma ngamaphaphu asencwadini.
- Ama-Myriapods: leli qembu lifaka ama-centipedes, ama-millipedes, nezinye izinto ezifanayo. Isici esiyinhloko saleli qembu lezilwane ukuthi linekhanda nesiqu esihlukaniswe ngamabili emilenze.
- AmaCrustaceans: iningi lalezi zilwane zihlala endaweni yasemanzini. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo ezithile zasemhlabeni lapho sithola khona izinkalankala. Lezi zinkalankala zidinga futhi nolwandle njengengxenye yomjikelezo wazo wokuphila.
- Izilwane ezihuquzelayo: kuleli qembu lezilwane futhi kufaka phakathi izinyoka, izingwenya, izingulube, izibankwa, phakathi kwabanye. Isici esivelela leli qembu lezilwane zasemhlabeni ngesokuba nesikhumba esenziwe ngezikali. Eziningi zalezi zilwane azikwazi ukulawula ukushisa komzimba kwangaphakathi ngokwazo. Ngakho-ke, badinga ukuvezwa yilanga ukukhuphula izinga lokushisa noma emthunzini ukuze wehlise.
- Aves: izinyoni zakha ingxenye enkulu yempilo yazo emoyeni. Abanye bakhetha ukuhlukanisa lezi zinhlobo zezilwane njengezilwane ezisemoyeni. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo ezithile zezinyoni imvelo yazo esemhlabeni ngokuphelele. Lapha sithola intshe, inkukhu, ikalikuni nezinye izinhlobo eziningi.
- Izilwane ezincelisayo: Izilwane ezincelisayo yizona ezimele kakhulu iqembu lezilwane zasemhlabeni: zavela emhlabeni futhi eziningi zazo zihlala ezindaweni zasemhlabeni. Sithola izinkawu, ama-orangutan, ama-gorilla, izimfene, amabhubesi, izindlulamithi, amabhere, izindlovu kanye ne-etcetera ende.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ziyini izilwane zomhlaba kanye nezici zazo.