I-biodiversity yaseSpain ingenye yezindawo ezicebe kakhulu eYurophu. Ngeshwa, futhi ingenye yezinto ezisengozini kakhulu. Ziningi izizathu eziwusongelayo, ikakhulukazi imisebenzi yabantu. I-Peninsula yase-Iberia iyikhaya lezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane ezisengozini yokushabalala. Kulezi, izilwane ezincelisayo njengezilwane ezihlala emanzini nasemanzini namabhere ansundu yizona ezisengozini yokushabalala. Kuningi izilwane ezisengozini eSpain.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizobhala ukuthi yiziphi izilwane eziyinhloko ezisengozini yokuqothulwa eSpain nokuthi yiziphi izici zazo nesimo samanje.
Izilwane ezisengozini yokushabalala eSpain
I-lynx yase-Iberia
I-lynx yase-Iberia ngokungangabazeki iwuhlobo lwezilwane ezisengozini yokushabalala eSpain, noma okungenani eyodwa kweziyaziwa kakhulu. Yikati elikhulu lokugcina eliphila ngokwemvelo eYurophu kanye nekati elisengozini yokushabalala emhlabeni. Ukubalwa kwalezi zinhlobo zezilwane kubale cishe ama-lynx angama-200 kuphela e-Iberia phakathi neshumi leminyaka elidlule, kodwa eminyakeni yamuva nje kubonakala sengathi alulama ngenxa yezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zokongiwa kwemvelo nokuqaliswa kabusha, okufinyelele cishe kubantu abangaba ngu-500 ababalwa Ngaphakathi. Zitholakala kuphela emadolobheni amabili eDoñana naseSierra Morena.
Njengamanje, inani labantu bakhona liyaqhubeka nokuncipha futhi lisesimweni esibucayi ngenxa:
- Indawo ababehlala kuyo yacekelwa phansi.
- Inani onogwaja lehlile.
- Okuphambili emigwaqweni emikhulu nasemigwaqeni.
ufudu olumnyama
I-spur-thighed or spiny-footed ufudu wuhlobo lwezinhlobo eziyi-17 ezitholakala emazwenikazi amathathu: e-Asia, eYurophu nase-Afrika. Embulungeni yonke, okungukuthi, kubantu abavela emazwenikazi amathathu okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla, isimo salolu hlobo singesobungozi kunokuba sibe sengozini. Nokho, ufudu olunemilenze emide lusengozini yokushabalala eSpain njengoba kukhona abangaba ngu-200 kuphela, okwenza lezi zimfudu zibe yingozi kakhulu ezweni.
Izinguquko endaweni yazo, njengokuncintisana kwezilwane ezihlaselayo kanye nokubanjwa ngokungemthetho kwalezi zimfudu, kungesinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zesimo sazo esibi.
ufudu lwaseMedithera
I-Testudo hermanni noma ufudu lwaseMedithera igama lesayensi lofudu lwaseMedithera, yingakho lwaziwa ngezimila ezihlala ogwini lwaseMedithera. Lolu fudu, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, isengozini enkulu yokunyamalala, okungenani endle. Izizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani ufudu lwaseMedithera lusengozini yokushabalala eSpain yilezi:
- ukuthwebula okungekho emthethweni
- Ama-insecticide
- Fuego
Nakuba abaningi begcinwe ekuthunjweni futhi njengezilwane ezifuywayo eSpain, endle okwamanje babonakala kuphela ezindaweni ezithile zaseBalearic Islands naseCatalonia. Kodwa-ke, akhona kakade amaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa inani lezinhlobo zezilwane ezweni. Ngo-2017, iParc del Garraf eCatalonia yakhipha izimfudu ezingaphezu kuka-300 zaseMedithera.
unogolantethe omnyama
Unogolantethe omnyama, ngokwesayensi owaziwa ngokuthi ciconia nigra, ingesinye isilwane esisengozini yokushabalala kuleli zwe lase-Iberia. Njengamanje, iSpain isikwenzile amakhophi angu-330 kuphela, ngakho-ke kucatshangwa ukuthi ayikuthembi ukunyamalala kwayo okungenzeka eminyakeni ezayo. Kodwa-ke, le nyoni ihlala ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, futhi ngenhlanhla, yengezwe kubantu bayo emhlabeni wonke, singasho ukuthi ayikho engozini, empeleni, isimo sayo sibhekwa njengento yesibili.
Izilwane ezaziwa kangcono ezisengozini yokushabalala eSpain
impisi yase-Iberia
Ngokuqhubeka nalolu hlu lwezilwane ezisengozini yokushabalala eSpain, sima kwesinye sezilwane ezidume kakhulu emhlabeni. Njenge-lynx yase-Iberia, I-Canis lupus signatus Akungabazeki ukuthi iwuhlobo lwezilwane ezisengozini yokushabalala eNhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka izimpisi zase-Iberia zihlala kule nhlonhlo, kodwa eSpain zazibhekwa njengesifo, zidla izilwane ezifuywayo ngaleso sikhathi ezazingenayo enye indlela yokuziphilisa. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, uhulumeni waqala ukususa abantu ngawo-1970 futhi waze wakhokhela abazingeli ukuba balawule lokho okwakubhekwa "ngokweqile." Nokho, ngalo mbono kanye nokulula ukuzizingela ngokomthetho nokwesaba abaningi abahlala ezindaweni ezihlala lezi zilwane, osekufinyelelwe kucishe kube ukuqedwa kwempisi yase-Iberia.
Yingakho, iminyaka eminingi, kuye kwenziwa imizamo yokwenza izinhlelo zokuvuselela ukuze kugcwaliswe kabusha le nhlonhlo futhi kuvikelwe abambalwa abasele. Namuhla, ukubalwa kwabantu kokugcina kukhombisa ukuthi kunezimpisi zase-Iberia ezingaba ngu-2.000 eSpain. Kodwa-ke, ngokukhathazeka okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla, izimpisi zokuzingela zisemthethweni eSpain, kunokuba zifune ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Lesi yisici esisuse omkhulu umsindo ezweni, njengoba abanye abantu bebona kufanele silungiswe ngokushesha.
ibhere elinsundu laseYurophu
Ibhere elinsundu laseYurophu noma i-Ursus arctos arctos lihlala emahlathini e-beech, e-oki, e-birch nase-black pine ezintabeni zaseCantabrian nasePyrenees. Ngeshwa, namuhla kukhona kuphela cishe amabhere ansundu aseYurophu angama-200 eSpain. Ngokuqondile, ama-specimens angatholakala eCantabria nasePyrenees, kanye nasemiphakathini ezimele yaseCantabria, Asturias, Castilla y León.
Lesi simo esisengozini yebhere elinsundu laseYurophu kungenxa yokuzingela okungekho emthethweni kanye nokungeniswa kwezilobo ezinobuthi, kanye nezinye izici ezifana nezimayini, ukwakhiwa kwemithambeka yokushushuluza kanye nemigwaqo, okuye kwashintsha futhi kwanciphisa indawo yokuhlala ye-grizzly.
Osprey
Inqe elinentshebe lingolunye uhlobo olusengozini yokushabalala lweNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia. UGypaetus barbatus uhlala ePyrenees namuhla kuphela. ngamakhophi alinganiselwa ku-300. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubalwa kwabantu kokugcina kwathola ukuthi kulabo bantu abacishe babe ngama-300, bayikhulu kuphela ababeyizithandani zokuzala, okubonisa ukuthi inani labantu livame ukuncipha.
Phakathi kwezizathu zesimo sayo sobungozi obukhulu sithola okulandelayo:
- Ukukhishwa kukagesi kunethiwekhi nezintambo zikagesi.
- Bhubhisa indawo yabo yokuhlala.
- Ukungenwa isiyelo sobuthi.
unwabu oluvamile
Lesi silwane esihuquzelayo esincane singaba ngu-30 cm ubude, sinezici ezingavamile (ezifana nombala, amehlo noma ulimi), futhi uma ucabangela inani labantu emhlabeni wonke, sisesimweni esihle sokongiwa njengoba sihlala e-Asia, e-Afrika naseYurophu.
Nokho, unwabu oluvamile lunamakhophi angaba ngu-50 ehektheleni ngalinye eSpain, ngokukhethekile, atholakala kuphela kwamanye amahlathi kaphayini aseMalaga, ayibeka ohlwini Olubomvu Lwezilwane Ezisengozini YaseSpain.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezilwane ezisengozini yokushabalala eSpain nokuthi isimo sazo siyini.