Njengoba sazi, kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezilwane kuya ngohlobo lwazo lokudla. Esigabeni ngukuthi umbuso wezilwane uyasetshenziswa, siyabona ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ngokuya ngendawo yazo, ukukhula kwazo, uhlobo lwamathambo noma ukuthi zondla kanjani. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngakho izilwane ezidla inyama. Kubalulekile ukwazi kahle umsoco wezilwane ngoba yingale ndlela esingazi ngayo ukuthi zikhula kanjani, zihlangana kanjani futhi zihambe kanjani ezindaweni zokuhlala nezinye izidalwa eziphilayo.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici, umsoco nokubaluleka kwezilwane ezidlayo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Isilwane esidlayo yiso esondliwa kakhulu ngezicubu zezilwane. Kulokhu sikhuluma ngokususa izitho namathambo kwesinye isilwane. Igama elithi carnivore lisho ukushwabadela ingxenye yenyama. Akuzona zonke izidla-nyama ezidla inyama kuphela, ngoba zengeza ukudla kwazo ngezinye izindlela. Akuzona zonke eziyizilwane, ngoba singathola izitshalo ezidla inyama nesikhunta.
Lezi yizinto eziphilayo ezithola izakhamzimba ezizidingayo ukuze ziphile futhi zikhule ngokudla inyama. Ukudla inyama kungadliwa kwesinye isilwane noma kudle izidumbu. Okubalulekile ukuthi iningi lokudla kuyinyama. Sivame ukukhohlwa ukuthi izilwane ezidlayo nazo zidla ama-amphibians, izinambuzane nezinye izilwane ezingenamgogodla kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni noma izinhlanzi. Akuzona zonke izilwane ezidla inyama ezimelwe njengezilwane ezizingelayo noma abazingeli. Eziningi zazo zingabaqaphi, okungukuthi, zidla izinsalela zezinto ezibolayo ezivela kwezinye izilwane ezifile.
Isilwane ngasinye esidla inyama sinendima ebalulekile ekulinganisweni kwemvelo. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwesilwane esikulesi sicubu abasidlayo, izilwane ezidla inyama zihlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- Ama-Avivores: Zidla izinyoni
- Ama-hematophages: Sebenzisa igazi
- Izinambuzane: Zidla izinambuzane
- I-Piscivores: Badla izinhlanzi
- Ama-Ovivores: Zidla amaqanda
- I-Vermivore: Zidla izibungu
Izinhlobo zezilwane ezidla inyama
Akuzona zonke izidlo ezidla inyama ngendlela efanayo, ngakho-ke kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuthola izakhamzimba zazo. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo:
- Izilwane ezidla ezinye: mhlawumbe yibo abaziwa kakhulu ngoba yilabo kuphela abamele njengezidlakela ezizingela inyamazane ezodliwa. Izilwane eziningi ezidla inyama zibulala inyamazane yazo. Kubonakala kuyinto enengqondo kunazo zonke kulabo badliwayo ukuba bakhulu kunesisulu sabo, yize kungenjalo ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, amabhubesi, izimpisi, ama-piranhas, nezintuthwane yizidliwayo zomphakathi ezidinga ukubumbana ukuze kwehliswe izilwane ezinkulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, bahlanganyela inyamazane bese bondla ndawonye.
- Abafuneki: yibo abadla lokho okusho ukuthi isilwane esifile. Ukuthola isidumbu kudinga umzamo nesikhathi. Isibonelo, amanqe ayizilwane ezidla inyama kuphela. Izilwane eziningi ezidla inyama ziyinhlanganisela yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla. Kukhona abanye abangadla izidumbu, kepha akuyona ukuphela kwento abasusele ekudleni kwabo. Iningi labahlanzayo libuye lihlangane nemakethe yokuzingela futhi libe ngabondli abangosomathuba. Lokho wukuthi, bazozingela inyamazane yabo noma nini lapho kufanele, kepha bayatholakala njengezisulu ezifile kubo. Phakathi kwazo sinamabhere, amagwababa echobana, amabhubesi, izimpungushe kanye nezibankwa, phakathi kwabanye.
Ukudla kwezilwane ezidlayo
Futhi singahlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane ezidlayo ngokuya ngokudla kwazo. Akufanele badle inyama kuphela, kepha futhi bangezela ekudleni kwabo ngezithelo, imifino, umpe, amakhowe, nezinye izinto. Zincike kakhulu kwizicubu zezilwane, yize isilwane esidla inyama sizijwayeza kolunye uhlobo lokudla ngokuya ngendawo esihlala kuyo nokuthi siyaphoqelela ukuthi sikwenze noma cha.
Ngokuya ngokwakhiwa kokudla, sibona izilwane ezahlukahlukene ezidlayo. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:
- Izidliwayo eziqinile: kungashiwo ukuthi yibo abadla inyama yangempela. Ukudla kwabo kuyinyama ka-100% noma kusondele kuyo. Lapha sinebhere elimhlophe, ibhubesi, ingwenya, njll.
- Ama-Hypercarnivores: ukudla kwabo kuqukethe inyama engama-70% noma ngaphezulu. Lapha sineziqu, izinkozi, oshaka, isalmon, izikhova phakathi kwabanye.
- Ama-Mesocarnivores: ukudla kwabo kusekelwe phakathi kwenyama engu-50-70%. Lezi zilwane zithuthukise izinhlobo ezahlukene zamazinyo ukuze zikwazi ukusebenzisa ezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Lapha sinezinja, ama-ferrets, ama-weasels, izimpungushe nama-badger.
- Ama-Hypocarnivores: ukudla kwabo kusekelwe enyameni engaphansi kwama-30%, okunye okusuka kwizithelo namakhowe kuya kumpe. Kulezi zilwane, amazinyo azo enza imisebenzi eyehlukene kubandakanya neyokuhlafuna imifino enzima. Unemihlathi ebanzi futhi ethambile. Iningi labo libhekwa njengama-omnivores. Lapha sinabantu abaya emabhere amnyama, phakathi kwabanye.
Indawo yokuhlala nokubaluleka
Izilwane ezinomdlandla zihlala kuzo zonke izindawo emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, iningi lazo litholakala ezindaweni eziphila emhlabeni. Imvamisa zitholakala lapho kuhlala khona izinhlobo zezilwane futhi zisatshalaliswa emifuleni, olwandle nasolwandle, emoyeni ukuzitholela ukuphakama okuphezulu nasemhlabeni ezindaweni eziphilayo ezifana nezingwadule, izindawo ezomile, amahlathi, amabhishi, amahlathi, amashidi, Njll
Ukubaluleka kwalezi zilwane kuxhomeke ekutheni zibamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekulawuleni ubukhulu bezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ku-ecosystem. Lokho wukuthi, ngaphandle kokudliwa kwezilwane ochungechungeni lokudla, asikwazi ukuba nesilinganiso esifanele semvelo. Ngakho-ke, isilwane esidla inyama sisiza ukulawula inani lezinto eziphilayo futhi sigcine ibhalansi emvelweni.
Sizokwenza isibonelo ngoxhaxha lokudla lapho kungenelela khona isilwane esidla inyama. Ezidlekeni ezingenzi lutho ezifana nezicabucabu, inyamazane yazo idinga ukungena kuwebhu. Kuyenzeka futhi ngezinto zokuhlunga ezisezinyameni zazo zamanzi amaningi adlula ngesihlungi sazo esishibhile. Sizokhomba izinhlobo eziningana zokuphendula phakathi kosayizi wezilwane ezidliwayo kanye nezilwane ezidlayo:
- Thayipha I: yilapho omunye umhlaseli ehlala njalo futhi ezimele ngobukhulu besilwane. Lokhu kungenzeka uma isisulu singenele ngokwanele ukwanelisa izilwane ezizizingelayo.
- Uhlobo II: izinga lokudlela liyancipha njengoba inani lezisulu likhula. Sibona futhi ukukhuphuka kwesilinganiso sokudliwa kusuka ezingeni elinciphayo kuya ezingeni eliphakeme.
- Uhlobo III: isilinganiso se-predation siphansi lapho ukuminyana kwezilwane kuphansi futhi kukhuphukela phezulu ngaphambi kokuncipha lapho isilinganiso sesidalwa siphakama.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezilwane ezidlayo nezici zazo.