Emhlabeni wamandla avuselelekayo kukhona aziwa kangcono njengamandla elanga namandla omoya kanti amanye aziwa kancane njengamandla olwandle. Kuwuhlobo lwamandla avuselelekayo asebenzisa ngokunenzuzo amagagasi olwandle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga a isiteshi samandla olwandle kulapho ukuguqulwa kwamandla e-kinetic amagagasi kagesi kagesi kwenzeka khona.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nesitshalo samandla olwandle, izici zayo kanye nomsebenzi waso.
Amandla omswakama
Ulwandle lunamandla amakhulu amakhulu, angaguqulwa abe ugesi ngobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene. Phakathi kwemithombo yamandla olwandle njengoba kuchazwe yi-Institute for Energy Diversification and Saving (IDAE), sithola izinhlobo ezahlukene:
- Amandla avela emanzini olwandle: Kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa amandla e-kinetic emisinga yasolwandle ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi.
- Amandla wamagagasi noma amandla egagasi: Kuwukusetshenziswa kwamandla omshini wamagagasi.
- I-Tidal Thermal: Isekelwe ekusebenziseni umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwamanzi angaphezulu nomhlaba ongaphansi kolwandle. Lolu shintsho olushisayo lusetshenziselwa ugesi.
- Amandla olwandle noma amandla olwandle: Isekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwamagagasi, ukwehla nokugeleza kwamanzi olwandle, akhiqizwa amandla adonsela phansi elanga nenyanga. Ngakho, amandla anamandla amagagasi aguqulwa abe amandla kagesi ngokuhamba kwe-turbine, njengasezitshalweni zamandla kagesi ngamanzi.
I-Tidal energy iwumthombo wamandla ohlukile osuselwe ekusebenziseni ukwehla nokugeleza kwamanzi olwandle, okudalwa amandla adonsela phansi elanga nenyanga. Ngale ndlela, kuyisimo semvelo esibikezelwayo esivumela ukuthi sibone kusengaphambili ukuthi lokhu kunyakaza kwamanzi kuzokwazi nini ukuguqulwa kube ugesi.
Isiteshi samandla olwandle
Isiteshi samandla olwandle singesinye lapho kutholakala khona imishini efanele ukuze kuguqulwe amandla e-kinetic amagagasi abe amandla kagesi. Kunezindlela eziningana zokuthola amandla olwandle. Sizobona ngayinye yazo kanye nezici zayo eziyinhloko:
Amajeneretha wamanje we-Tidal
Ekwaziwa nangokuthi yi-TSG (Tidal Stream Generators), lawa majeneretha asebenzisa ukuhamba kwamanzi ukuguqula amandla e-kinetic abe ugesi. Lena indlela eyaziwa kakhulu. Le ndlela yokuthola amandla kubandakanya izindleko eziphansi kanye nomthelela ophansi wemvelo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela.
Amadamu amagagasi
Lamadamu asebenzisa amandla anamandla amanzi akhona phakathi kokungalingani phakathi kwamagagasi aphezulu kanye namagagasi aphansi. Bayizithiyo ezinama-turbines, afana kakhulu namadamu endabuko, akhiwe ekungeneni kwechweba noma ichibi. Izindleko ziphezulu futhi inzuzo ayikho phezulu. Ukushoda kwezindawo emhlabeni ezihlangabezana nezimo zokuzisingatha kanye nomthelela wemvelo kuyizithiyo ezimbili ezinkulu.
Amandla ashukumisayo olwandle
Ubuchwepheshe busesigabeni sethiyori. Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-DTP (i-Dynamic Tidal Power), ihlanganisa ezimbili zokuqala, isebenzisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamandla e-kinetic namandla ekugelezeni kwe-tidal. Le ndlela iqukethe uhlelo lwamadamu amakhulu adala izigaba ezahlukene zamagagasi emanzini ukuze ahlanganise izinjini eziphehla amandla.
Izinzuzo nokungalungi
Sigcizelela ukuthi lawa mandla ahlukile anezinzuzo ezimbalwa:
- Iwumthombo wamandla ahlanzekile ongakhiqizi amagesi abamba ukushisa noma okunye ukungcola okuvela kwezinye izinhlobo zemithombo yamandla.
- Awekho amafutha engeziwe asetshenziswayo.
- Ukukhiqiza ugesi okuqhubekayo nokuthembekile.
- Amagagasi awapheli futhi kulula ukuwabikezela.
- Iwumthombo wamandla avuselelekayo.
Ngaphandle kwamandla amakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla olwandle nakho kunemibi, okuhlanganisa:
- Lokhu kungafezwa ngokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu. Kuyabiza ukuyifaka.
- Inomthelela omuhle obonakalayo kanye nokuma kwezwe ogwini, okungenye yezithiyo ezikhathaza kakhulu zamandla olwandle.
- Amandla e-tidal akuyona inketho engcono kakhulu kuzo zonke izindawo zejografi. Ngoba ubukhulu bamandla esingawathola buncike ezingeni lokuhamba kolwandle namandla amagagasi.
Amandla olwandle Isetshenziswa ukuphehla ugesi kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1960. Izwe eliyingqalabutho yiFrance, isikhungo sayo sokuphehla ugesi eLens esisasebenza.
Amazwe njengamanje anamandla okuphehla ugesi olwandle yilawa: INingizimu Korea, ilandelwa yiFrance, iCanada, i-United Kingdom neNorway. Njengamanje, amandla olwandle amelela ingxenye encane kuphela yamandla avuselelekayo emhlabeni, kodwa amandla amakhulu.
Ukusebenza kwesikhungo samandla olwandle
Isikhungo samandla olwandle siyindawo lapho amandla akhiqizwa amagagasi olwandle eguqulwa abe ugesi. Ukuze kusetshenziswe ithuba, amadamu anama-turbines akhiwe engxenyeni engezansi, ngokuvamile emlonyeni womfula noma itheku. Idamu elidalwe ukwakhiwa kwedamu liyagcwala futhi lithulule ngokuhamba ngakunye kwegagasi kanye nokudlula kwamanzi eliwakhiqizayo, okuvumela ukuqaliswa kwezinjini eziphehla ugesi.
Izitshalo zamandla olwandle ziwaguqula kanjani amandla olwandle abe ugesi? Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo, kuyadingeka ukucabangela izimiso zamandla anamandla kanye ne-kinetic okwanda okujwayelekile nokuncipha kwawo amagagasi akhiqizwa ukusebenzisana kwamandla adonsela phansi kweLanga neNyanga. Ukukhuphuka kwamanzi kubizwa ngokuthi ukugeleza, futhi isikhathi sokwehla sifushane kunangaphambili.
Umehluko wokuphakama phakathi kwezinga lolwandle nezinga lechibi ubalulekile, ngakho, ngokwe-Institute for the Diversification and Conservation of Energies (IDAE), uzuzisa kuphela ezindaweni ezisogwini lapho ukuphakama kwamagagasi aphezulu kanye nokwehla. ihluke ngamamitha angaphezu kwama-5 agxile ekufakweni kwalezi zici. Lezi zimo zingahlangatshezwa kuphela enanini elilinganiselwe lezindawo eMhlabeni. Ezimbonini, ugesi uguqulwa ngama-turbines noma ama-alternator. Ngokujikeleza kwama-blades ayo kanye nokujikeleza kwamanzi ngokwawo, amandla kagesi akhiqizwa.
Ngethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nesiteshi samandla olwandle kanye nezici zaso.