Uma sikhuluma ngamandla esikhathi esizayo, i-hydrogen njengophethiloli ihlala ifika engqondweni. Kulokhu, i- iseli le-hydrogen ubelokhu ekhona cishe kunoma iyiphi ingxoxo ephathelene namandla avuselelekayo kanye nokuguqulwa kwamandla. Ekuguqulweni kwamandla lapho ufuna ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha ezimbiwa phansi, udinga ukuhamba okusimeme edolobheni. Yilapho kubalulekile khona ukuthi ushintsho lwenzeke kusetshenziswa ibhethri le-hydrogen, ngoba lingaba ukhiye ezimotweni ngaphandle kokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, ngaphezu kweminye imikhakha.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela konke odinga ukukwazi ngempilo ye-hydrogen nezici zayo.
Liyini ibhethri le-hydrogen
Uma sikhuluma ngebhethri le-hydrogen sisho idivayisi ekhiqiza amandla kagesi ekwazi ukuguqula amandla amakhemikhali kaphethiloli ewagcina abe ngamandla kagesi. Lo uphethiloli ogcinwa ukuze uguqulwe kamuva ube amandla kagesi yi-hydrogen. Ngakho-ke, iseli le-hydrogen lingasetshenziselwa ukunika amandla noma iyiphi idivayisi enalezi zici.
Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwebhethri le-hydrogen namuhla ukunika amandla imoto yemoto kagesi, yize kungeyona yodwa. Uma nje iseli linophethiloli, liyakwazi ukunikeza amandla futhi, lapho liphela, lingaphinda ligcwalise.
Izici eziyinhloko
Sizohlaziya ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye eziyinhloko zeseli le-hydrogen:
- I-Anode: yingxenye engemihle yenqwaba. Yaziwa ngegama lesigxobo esingesihle futhi inesibopho sokwenza ama-electron akhishwa kwi-hydrogen ukuze asetshenziswe isekethe kagesi yangaphandle.
- I-Cathode: a yisigxobo esihle sebhethri. Inesibopho sokuhambisa i-oxygen ebusweni be-catalyst nokubuyisa wonke ama-electron emuva. Kungenxa yale nqubo ukuthi bangaphinde bahlanganiswe.
- I-Electrolyte: yenziwe ngezinto eziphathwe ngendlela yokuthi ingakwazi kuphela ukuqhuba ama-ion akhokhiswa kahle. I-electrolyte ekugcineni ingavimba ama-electron.
- Isikhuthazi: Kuyinto ebhekene nokwenza lula ukuphendula kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwe-oxygen ne-hydrogen. Lokhu kusabela kuyadingeka ukuze sikwazi ukukhiqiza ugesi. Into ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ukuthi yenziwa ungqimba oluncane kakhulu lwama-nanoparticles eplatinamu ekhasini lekhabhoni noma lendwangu.
Ukusebenza kweseli le-hydrogen
Lapho sesazi izici eziyinhloko nezingxenye zeseli ye-hydrogen, sizobona ukuthi isebenza kanjani. Siyazi ukuthi i-hydrogen ecindezelekile ingena esitokisini kusuka ohlangothini lwe-anode. Lapho i-hydrogen ingena iphoqa le gesi ngokusebenzisa i-catalyst ngokucindezela. Lapho i-molecule ye-hydrogen ihlangana ne-platinum, okuyingxenye yengxenye ye-catalyst, ihlukaniswe ngama-proton amabili nama-electron ama-2.
Ama-electron aqhutshwa nge-anode kuya kusifunda sangaphandle. Kulapha lapho bephethe khona ukwenza umsebenzi odingekayo wokondla amandla alokho okunikezwayo. Isibonelo, ingathunyelwa ukunika amandla imoto kagesi. Lapho umthombo wamandla usuhlinzekiwe, babuyela ebhethri ngengxenye ye-cathode. Lapho sesikule ndawo, umoya-mpilo udlula ku-catalyst bese wenza ama-athomu amabili e-oxygen akhokhiswa kabi kakhulu. Le nkokhelo engeyinhle iheha ama-proton angaphambilini futhi ahlangana ndawonye nama-electron amabili abuyela kwisekethe yangaphandle. Konke lokhu kwakha i-molecule yamanzi.
Izinzuzo
Sizohlaziya ukuthi yiziphi izinzuzo amabhethri e-hydrogen anazo maqondana namanye amafutha asuselwa emandleni avuselelekayo. Ezinye zezizathu zokuthi kungani uphethiloli uphakeme kunezinye izinketho yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Azikhiqizi ukukhishwa okungcolisayo: Njengoba sibonile incazelo yokusebenza kwebhethri, i-hydrogen kanye ne-oxygen ikhiqiza ugesi bese kuba umhwamuko wamanzi. Siyazi ukuthi umhwamuko wamanzi yigesi yokushisa kodwa awunabungozi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi yigesi yemvelo yokushisa okushisa.
- Isebenza kangcono kunezinjini zomlilo: akusizi nje kuphela ukungcolisa, kodwa futhi kuguqula amandla wamakhemikhali abe amandla kagesi ngokuyimpumelelo. Injini yomlilo kufanele iguqule amandla amakhemikhali kaphethiloli abe ukushisa nalokhu amandla emishini okwazi ukuhambisa injini. Lokhu kuveza into eyaziwa ngokuthi yibhodlela elishisayo. Lesi simo sinqunyelwe ekuguqulweni kwamandla okuqondile okwenziwe yiseli le-hydrogen.
- Azinazo izingxenye ezihambayo: ukungabi nengxenye emile kwenza kuthembeke kakhulu kunenjini yomlilo. Enjini yomlilo kunezingxenye eziningi ezingonakala.
- I-Hydrogen ingakhiqizwa ngendlela ehlonipha kakhulu imvelo- Ngokungafani nezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi, i-hydrogen ingakhiqizwa ngendlela ehlanzekile. Lokhu kufaka isandla ekwenzeni kube amandla ahlukile aluhlaza.
Okubi kweseli le-hydrogen
Njenganoma yimuphi umthombo wamandla, noma ungavuseleleka noma cha, kukhona nezinye izithiyo. Futhi ukuthi lolu hlobo lomthombo ohlukile wamandla luletha uchungechunge lwezinselelo okuthi, okwamanje, luwuvimbe ukuthi usabalale emhlabeni wonke. Ake sibone ukuthi yini le mibi:
- Intengo yayo iphezulu: Yize i-hydrogen iningi impela, ukuyenza ibe wusizo ngendlela yebhethri ihlala ingazuzi ezomnotho ngobuchwepheshe bamanje.
- Iyatsha: ukuphepha kwamaseli e-hydrogen kuhlala kukhathaza njengoba kungavutha umlilo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
- Kunzima ukugcina nokuhambisa: Ngokungafani nezinye izinto zokubasa ezifana namalahle, kunzima kakhulu ukugcina nokuhambisa.
I-Hydrogen ingakhiqizwa ihlanzekile kusuka emanzini, kodwa inqubo enamandla kakhulu. Njengamanje, inqubo eyonga kakhulu ukukhipha i-hydrogen ezitelekeni zemvelo zamalahle. Ngalesi sizathu, iningi le-hydrogen ekhiqizwayo ivela kumafutha ezimbiwa phansi, ngakho-ke ibingabhekwa njengamandla avuseleleka ngokuphelele.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nebhethri le-hydrogen nezici zalo.