Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kuya ngokuya kukhathazeka ngokuthola imithombo yamandla ehlukahlukene engangcolisi kangako imvelo. Ngale ndlela, udala ifayela le- injini kazibuthe. Abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi iyini injini kazibuthe, ukuthi ingeyani noma ukuthi yenziwa kanjani.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukukutshela ukuthi iyini injini kazibuthe, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, izinzuzo zayo nokuthi yenziwa kanjani.
Yini injini kazibuthe
I-magneto, eyaziwa nangokuthi injini ye-Perendev, iyinjini ezikhiqiza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukunyakaza, noma ngamanye amazwi, injini egijima ngaphandle kukaphethiloli. Okudingekayo nje ukusunduza kokuqala, futhi uma usuvukile futhi uyasebenza, kuqhubeka kuze kube phakade.
Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi kungasindisa iplanethi ezinkingeni zamandla kanye nezemvelo, kodwa impikiswano ngale ndaba ibanzi kakhulu, futhi iqiniso liwukuthi awukho umfuziselo ongawela imingcele yemakethe futhi udayiswe ngezinga elikhulu. Yingakho kunengxoxo mayelana nokuthi uzibuthe ungokoqobo noma inganekwane.
Kungakhathaliseki isithembiso theory athuthukiswe kumaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene ezifana I-Torian III isetshenziswe e-Argentina, ukukwazi ukuzimela ngamandla angu-12-volt kungenzeka. Kulezi zivivinyo basebenzise omazibuthe be-neodymium bokwenziwa esikhundleni somazibuthe be-ferrite bakudala, abanamandla kakhulu.
Isebenza kanjani
Umsebenzi kaMagneto ulula kakhulu. Amandla kazibuthe asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amandla, kodwa asebenza kanjani? Yebo, kuyaziwa ukuthi lapho izigxobo eziphikisanayo zamagnet zihlangana ndawonye, kodwa ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho uzama ukuxhuma izigxobo ezifanayo zamagnethi amabili, akwenzeki ukuthi bathinte laba ababili ngoba bayakhiphana. Nokho, uzibuthe usebenzisa amandla axosha izigxobo ezimbili kazibuthe ukuze enze ukunyakaza futhi aguqule lokho kunyakaza kwekinetic kube amandla kagesi.
Ngokombono, la mandla anyanyekayo angagcina isondo linyakaza unomphela, noma okungenani kuze kube yilapho odonsa belahlekelwa ngokuphelele uzibuthe, okuvame ukuthatha iminyaka engaba ngu-400. Yingakho sikhuluma ngamandla amahhala ngisho namandla e-perma.
Izifundo ezisetshenzisiwe
Sekuyiminyaka eminingana ososayensi befunda umqondo wamandla amahhala, okungamandla akhiqizwa emthonjeni omningi nokhululekile. Nakuba kunamavidiyo amaningana afana naleli elingenhla abonisa ukuthi uzibuthe usebenza kanjani, umzamo wokuqala wokuzuza okuthile okufana nalokhu uhlehle eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-800.
Kodwa-ke, i-physics ngokwayo ibhubhisa ukusebenza kukazibuthe: uma sifuna omazibuthe ababili baxoshelane, kufanele sichithe amandla sibahambisa ngokuqhubekayo nangokwehlukana, futhi ngokokuhlola okuhlukahlukene, amandla atholiwe noma akhiqizwayo ayalingana noma Kukhona into edingekayo ukuze injini isebenze.
Ngakho-ke isizathu esenza ukuthi ama-motor e-Perendev noma ama-magnetos ayizinganekwane yingoba ibhalansi yesigxobo ikhona ukuze ingakwazi ukuzishayela ngoba idinga amandla e-kinetic angaphandle ukuze ihambe, futhi lapho amandla anamandla kazibuthe omile elingana namandla kazibuthe ashukumisayo. , idivayisi isebenza ngokulingana okuphelele.
Kunoma yikuphi, futhi noma ngabe bekukhona icala lokucatshangelwa lapho bekungenzeka khona ukwakha injini kazibuthe esebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ikhiqize amandla, kungaba intuthuko enkulu kumuntu, bekungeke kube umthombo wamandla wamahhala ongu-100%., noma umthombo wamandla angapheli. Futhi kungani kungenjalo? Hhayi-ke, ngoba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi amagnethi alahlekelwa amandla kazibuthe, ngoba ngokushesha noma kamuva kwesinye sezingxenye ze-motor kuzokwehla, njll.
Amanye amazwi amemezela ukuthi kunetulo lezinkampani zikawoyela nezinkampani ezinkulu zamandla okumisa ucwaningo oluhlobene nenjini kazibuthe noma injini yePerendev. Kodwa, ngezincazelo zangaphambilini, kubonakala sengathi asikho isizathu sesakhiwo, nokuthi nakuba esikhathini esizayo kungatholakala indlela ethile yokwenza i-motor magnetic isebenze, namuhla kufanele sisho ukuthi usizo lwe-motor magnetic luyinganekwane. , noma okungenani ikhono layo lokukhiqiza amandla amahhala nangapheli.
Lezi ezikhona futhi ezisebenzayo, njengoba zixazulula inkinga yokulinganisa kwamandla, ziyizinjini zikagesi, ezinikezwa amandla kagesi.
Iqhaza lemoto kazibuthe
Iqiniso liwukuthi uma sifuna omazibuthe ababili baxoshelane, amandla anele kufanele ahlakazwe ukusondela kwawo. Lawa mandla ayafana namandla akhiqizwa i-repulsion ngokwayo. Ngakho awekho amandla awusizo atholakalayo, ngenxa nje yokuthi amandla okuhlanganisa omazibuthe kufanele avele ndawana thize.
Ngokusho kwemithetho ye-thermodynamics, amandla awadalwanga futhi awabhujiswa, ayaguqulwa. Nokho, avelaphi amandla okusondeza omazibuthe? Impendulo isemsebenzini. Ekupheleni kosuku, amandla ku-physics yikhono lokwenza umsebenzi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, esimweni sokucatshangelwa ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka, nakuba uzibuthe umelela kusengaphambili okukhulu, asikwazi ukucabanga ngamandla esimeme noma, ngoba ngokushesha noma kamuva, ezinye zezingxenye zawo zigcina zihluleka ngenxa yokumelana nomshini. izokonakala.
Ngakho-ke alukho uzungu olukhulu lukawoyela lokumisa ukuthuthukiswa kwalokho, uma kungenzeka, okungaba yisinyathelo esikhulu sokuya phambili ekuvikelweni kwemvelo: iMagneto. Nokho, namuhla Kuyinganekwane kakhulu kunento engokoqobo.
Kungani ingakwazi ukusebenza?
Okokuqala, noma yimuphi umshini onyakazayo ongapheli wephula imithetho ye-thermodynamics, ngakho-ke sizobe sidonsa amandla kusuka lutho. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi amandla okuzungeza atholakala kumagnetism kazibuthe, okwenza angasebenzi uzibuthe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okungenjalo, uma kwenzeka kwenziwa injini ebeka uzibuthe ngaphansi kokucindezeleka futhi iphoqelele ukuthi ikhiphe uzibuthe ngokushesha (okungeyona i-motor). icala) izohlala isikhathi eside. Isikhathi esincane kakhulu sokuzungeza ngoba la mandla mancane. Bonke omazibuthe abangapheli balahlekelwa amandla, kodwa kancane kakhulu, ngakho kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuphelelwa amandla ngokuphelele.
Ngakho-ke singacabanga ukuthi kwamanye alawa ma-motor okuwukuphela komphumela ongaba khona wamazibuthe ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana, ngakho-ke ngokunyakaza okuncane kokuqala singakwazi ukufeza isikhathi esiningi sokuguqula kunangaphandle kozibuthe, okuthi kwezinye izimo kunganikeza umbono wokuthi injini ayilokothi. iyama.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda mayelana nokuthi iyini injini yamagnetic nokuthi isebenza kanjani.