Abantu abaningi bayakungabaza ukuba khona kwayo futhi bayenqaba ukuthatha isinyathelo sokusisiza sithole izixazululo zokufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Nokho, i-United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) ixwayise ngokuthi uma amazinga okushisa embulunga yonke eqhubeka nokwenyuka, kuzoba nemiphumela elimazayo nemiphumela yokuphila eMhlabeni. Kunezenzo ezehlukene okufanele uzifunde indlela yokugwema ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukukutshela ukuthi ungakugwema kanjani ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ekuphileni kwakho kwansuku zonke.
Khulisa emazingeni okushisa
Ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke akuyona into engaphezu kokwenyuka kancane kancane kwezinga lokushisa lomhlaba. Ngokocwaningo lweWorld Meteorological Organization (WMO), kulinganiselwa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomhlaba wonke lizokwenyuka ngo-4ºC ngo-2100.
Akungabazeki ukuthi lokhu kwanda kuzoba nemiphumela emibi eminingi empilweni yasemhlabeni. Uma singazitholi izindlela ezisebenzayo zokulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ochwepheshe baxwayisa ngalezi zenzakalo ezilandelayo:
- Izinga lokushisa elizungezile liyakhuphuka. Lona umphumela onzima kakhulu futhi lapho izinkinga ezilandelanayo zilele khona.
- Izinga lokushisa leqhwa liyakhuphuka. E-Arctic, iziqhingi ezintsha ezi-5 ziye zavela futhi izinga lolwandle liye lakhuphuka ngenxa yokuncibilika kweqhwa.
- izenzakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu. Kwenyusa ukuhwamuka kwamanzi, okwandisa amandla eziphepho neziphepho.
- I-ecosystem isengozini. Ngaphezu kuka-80% womhlaba ongenaqhwa usengozini yoshintsho olujulile lwe-ecosystem eminyakeni ezayo, njengoba kuvezwe ucwaningo oluningi, okuhlanganisa ne-Potsdam Climate Impact Research Institute eJalimane. Izimfunda zezihlahla, izihlahla ezimila endaweni eyiqhwa eyi-arctic tundra, ngisho nokushabalala kwamanye amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo emhlabeni.
- Impilo yomuntu isengcupheni. Izikhukhula ezishintshanayo nesomiso zibhubhisa izitshalo, ezibalulekile ukuze ziphile.
Ungakugwema kanjani ukufudumala komhlaba
Uma kubhekwa ubucayi becala, kanye nokuvimbela izinto ukuthi zingalawuleki, umphakathi wesayensi wahlangana e-COP25 (Inkomfa YeZizwe Ezihlangene Yokushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu) eMadrid ngoDisemba 2019 ukuze uqwashise ngesimo esiphuthumayo sezulu esikhona futhi ubike ngendlela yokuvimbela. ukushisa kakhulu komhlaba. .
Inhloso evamile ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa libe emazingeni angaphambi kwezimboni, 2ºC ngaphansi kwezilinganiso zamanje ngenxa yokwanda komphumela obamba ukushisa. Ngakho-ke, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa okuvela ezimbonini, ezimotweni noma emisebenzini yezohwebo kuyinto ehamba phambili kuleli khulu leminyaka elisha.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, iZizwe Ezihlangene ziye zalinganisela lokho ngeminyaka yawo-2040 isintu sizofinyelela umkhawulo waso omkhulu mayelana nokungcoliswa kwemvelo, futhi umthelela wawo eplanethini uyoba mkhulu, ungenakuhlehliswa.
Izixazululo zokufunda ukuthi ungakugwema kanjani ukufudumala komhlaba
Iningi lohulumeni nezinkampani zomhlaba zithatha isibopho sokuvikela izinhlobo zethu zezilwane kanye behlaziya indlela yokubhekana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ngezenzo zabo. Ukulawulwa kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni kubalulekile ukuze kuliwe nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, okufaka ushevu emhlabeni futhi kungenye yezimbangela eziyinhloko zokufudumala kwembulunga yonke.
Nokho, le mpi iwela ngokuphelele komunye nomunye wethu. Isihluthulelo esikhulu sokugwema ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke sisezimweni zethu zengqondo nasezenzweni zethu. Kuyacaca ukuthi sisebenzisa amandla amaningi kunalokho esikudingayo, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka manje ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuthi ungamoshi izinsiza futhi unciphise ukungcola. Okulandelayo, sikunikeza uchungechunge lwezincomo.
Ukwenza imisebenzi elula, yansuku zonke eyingxenye yokuziphatha kwethu kwemvelo kwanele ukuzuza ushintsho olubalulekile, esikhathini esimaphakathi, oluzoletha izinzuzo ezibalulekile empilweni yethu sonke.
- Sebenzisa izimoto ezimbalwa kanye nezithuthi zomphakathi ezengeziwe. Uma isimo sezwe endaweni yangakini siyivumela, sebenzisa ibhayisikili ukuze unciphise ukukhishwa kwe-CO2.
- Sebenzisa izinto zikagesi ezisetshenziswa kancane. Ivale uma ingasetshenziswa futhi ulungise i-thermostat kumshini wokushisisa noma wokupholisa.
- Yidla ukudla kwendawo. Ngale ndlela uzogwema ukukhishwa kwemikhumbi.
- Yonga amanzi. Gcina ukusebenza kwesistimu okuvamile ngokuvala impompi uma ingasebenzi.
- Sebenzisa imikhiqizo engaboli. Ngakho-ke, ungagwema ukungcoliswa ngamapulasitiki, izibulala-zinambuzane noma ama-ejenti okuhlanza ayingozi emvelweni.
- Xhumana nomakhelwane ukuze wabelane ngezinye izindlela. Lawa maqembu abalulekile ekufuneni izinyathelo ezisimeme ezivela kuziphathimandla.
Esinye sezinyathelo ezisacutshungulwa ukuthwebula i-carbon dioxide emkhathini futhi siyigcine ngaphansi komhlaba, kanye nokudala amafu okwenziwa abonisa ingxenye yokukhanya kwelanga, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa alinyuki kakhulu.
Izemvelo nezomnotho
Ukulwa nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, akwanele ukunciphisa ukukhishwa okuvela embonini, izimoto noma izitshalo zamandla. Ukwengeza, umhlaba kufanele uqhubeke nokudla: udle inyama encane, uchithe ukudla okuncane futhi uzibophezele ekulawuleni umhlaba ngendlela eqhubekayo. Amanye amaqiniso achaza lezi zokupheka:
- Ezolimo, ezamahlathi kanye neminye imisebenzi ehlobene nokusetshenziswa komhlaba kakade sebekhiqize u-23% wesisi esingcolisa umoya.
- Simosha u-25% kuya ku-30% wokudla esikukhiqizayo.
- Uma ingayeki, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuzokhipha amathani e-carbon angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-50 emkhathini phakathi neminyaka engu-30 kuya kwengu-50.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ekwakhiweni nasezakhiwo kunesibopho sokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide emhlabeni wonke okungama-39%. Ukufuduka kwabantu besuka ezindaweni zasemakhaya baye emadolobheni kuzoqhubeka, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi Cishe izigidigidi ezingama-230 zamamitha-skwele ezingqalasizinda ezintsha zizokwakhiwa eminyakeni engama-000 ezayo. Kufanele sisebenzise wonke amathuba ukunciphisa ukungcola kule ndawo.Singakwenza kanjani lokho? Ukuvuselelwa kwezakhiwo ezikhona, ukuphakamisa izinga lekhwalithi yezakhiwo ezintsha noma ukufuna izixazululo ezisimeme ze-air conditioning yasekhaya kanye nokuphathwa kwemfucuza, njll.
Amandla avuselelekayo ayinsiza yamahhala, engenakungcola futhi engashi ehlinzekwa yimvelo. Ngakho-ke, ukutshala imali emandleni avuselelekayo ukutshala ikusasa elisimeme. Ngalo mqondo, kubonakala sengathi senza umsebenzi wethu wasekhaya: kusukela ngo-2009 kuya ku-2019, amandla omhlaba avuselelekayo aphindeke kane.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokugwema ukufudumala komhlaba.