IDoñana National Park ingesinye sezibaluleke kakhulu kulo lonke elaseSpain ngoba iyikhaya lenqwaba yezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo nezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu. I- izinhlelo zemvelo zaseDoñana Yethula ebunyeni obudalwa ukwehluka okukhulu kwamathafa nezinhlobo ezihlala kuzo. Ngaphezu kwamaxhaphozi, kunezinto ezithile zemvelo ezifana namabhishi, izindunduma ezihambahambayo kanye nezindawo zokuhlala.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nemvelo ye-Doñana, izici zayo nokubaluleka kwayo.
Ukuhluka kwemvelo yaseDoñana
Ukuhluka kweDoñana kulele kukwehlukahluka kwamathafa nezinhlobo ezinakho. Ngaphezu kwesimo semvelo samachibi, esibonakala ngokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo nokubukeka okushintsha njalo. Kukhona nezinhlelo zemvelo ezikhethekile ezibuthene lapha: amabhishi, izindunduma ezigelezayo, namakhorali. Le ntaba inamahlathi omjunipha, amahlathi e-oki nama-pine abantu bendawo ababizwa "ngezindawo ezivikelwe". Ngaphezu kwalokho, inamachibi amaningi ahlakazeke phakathi kwezimila nendawo yezinguquko ewaxhumayo futhi eyihlukanise.
Amaxhaphozi yisimiso semvelo esikhulu kunazo zonke ekunwetshisweni kwepaki, ehlanganisa amahektha angama-27,000, yini enikeza lesi sikhala ubuntu obuhlukile. Yindawo enomswakama ebaluleke kakhulu njengendawo yokudlula, yokuzalanisa nobusika bezinyoni zase-Europe nase-Afrika. Kugcwala amanzi ngenxa yeminikelo yeminye imifudlana namanzi emvula, okuyenza iveze isikhathi sonyaka esimakwe kakhulu.
Ekwindla, izimvula zokuqala zigcwala emaxhaphozini. Ebusika, njengoba izimvula zanda, amaxhaphozi ayacwila kancane kancane. Kusentwasahlobo lapho ubuso bamanzi buhlanganiswa nezimbali ze-buttercup nezindawo ezinkulu zama-castanet nama-bayinkos. Ehlobo, amaxhaphozi awugwadule olwephukile, olunothuli. Yize kungekho ukutholakala okusobala, imithambeka emincane ihlinzeka ngemibandela yokuba khona kwezindawo ezahlukahlukene emvelweni yexhaphozi.
Ubhuku olumnandi yilolo olunokujula okukhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke, lungena eminyakeni yemvula ejwayelekile yamanzi amaningi futhi isikhathi eside, okunciphisa usawoti wawo futhi kungakhulisa uhlaza lwe-castanet ne-bayunco. I-salt marsh noma i-almajo marsh iyona enezindawo eziphakeme kancane lapho umnikelo wamanzi ahlanzekile uphansi nosawoti womhlabathi uphakeme. Izitshalo ezivelele yi-almajo, i-almajo enosawoti kanye ne-almajo emnandi.
Izingxenye zezinto eziphilayo ze-Doñana
Igebe eliphuma emlonyeni weGuadalquivir liwelelwa umsele omncane noma liphambukiswe okwesikhashana esiteshini esikhulu. Amapayipi abekade eyiziteshi zemifula, imifudlana nemifudlana. Namuhla, zimbozwe umhlanga kanti kukhona izidumbu, amaxoxo kanye nama-gallipats afihlwe emhlangeni.
Imithambo nemithanjana ingumhlaba ongaphezu kwesilinganiso, okwakha iziqhingi ezincane ezingavamisile ukucwilisa. Ziyizindawo zokuphumula nezokuphephela ngesikhathi sikaZamcolo Omkhulu, futhi nendawo ebaluleke kakhulu yokwakha izidleke zezinyoni njengonogolantethe.
Amehlo omgxobhozo ayisiphethu. Kufana nomthombo wemvelo wamanzi ahlanzekile agcinwe ekujuleni. Zivela ngasemaphethelweni amaxhaphozi futhi, ezilwaneni eziningi, ziba ngumthombo wokuqeda ukoma ngesikhathi sesomiso noma ehlobo.
Amabhishi nezindunduma
Amandla asogwini aqinile aguqula njalo imigwaqo yasogwini. Endaweni yasogwini eqhele kakhulu emanzini, izimila zibambelela emhlabathini ongazinzile futhi owomile, zakha izithiyo ezincane ezizoba ngumsuka wezindunduma eziphilayo. Olwandle oluseduze nolwandle kuvela amadlelo we ICymodocea nodosa, uZostera noltii, nama-lamellibranch amaningi kanye nama-gastropods ezindaweni ezithambile.
Eduze kosebe lolwandle sithola amakhorali okuqala, lapho kunezixuku zohlaza ezibhajwe phakathi kwezindunduma. La makhorali asondele kakhulu olwandle futhi ngokuvamile kuhlala izihlahla ezahlukahlukene njenge kungukudla okuluhlaza nokuluhlaza njalo. Ukuqhubekela phambili maphakathi nezwe, sesivele sinamahlathi kaphayini akwaziyo ukufaka ikoloni ikoloni, kwesinye isikhathi kube amachibi amancane okwesikhashana enemibhede yomhlanga. Kusezindundumeni ezihambayo lapho kuvela khona imijunipha yasogwini.
Indawo evikelwe noma indawo ye-shrub imele isigaba esiphakathi nendawo yokuphela kwehlathi laseMedithera kanye ne-ecosystem evuthiwe. Buka kusuka kuzwe, indawo ebekiwe ayishintshi kakhulu unyaka wonke futhi kunzima ukubona izilwane. Yize ikhombisa izinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu, njengama-ungulates amakhulu, izinyamazane nezingulube zasendle, kanye nezilwane ezinkulu ezidla inyama ezifana ne-Iberia lynx ne-Iberia Imperial Eagle.
Uzombona
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwezihlahlana namaxhaphozi esiqiwi kwenzeka ngebhendi elingamamitha angama-200 kuye kwayi-1500 ububanzi elibizwa nge- "vera", elihambelana nendawo ehlanganisiwe yengcebo enkulu yemvelo. Kungumngcele ophakathi kobumba nesihlabathi. Kule ndawo emincane, izinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane ezivela ezindaweni ezimbili ziyagqagqana futhi umswakama ohlungiwe ngesihlabathi uyavela, okuthanda ukukhula kwemihlanga namathafa otshani.
Ezingeni eliphansi, izindawo ezinotshani zikhula ezingxenyeni ezinesihlabathi nezomile. Ikhambi liyinyumba, ikakhulukazi URumex bucephalophorus, olunika umbala obomvu ohlukile. Ezingeni eliphansi ngisho nangaphansi, kodwa eduze nomgxobhozo, kuvela idlelo elicebe ngezinhlobo zezitshalo. Izihlahla zikakhokho ezihlahleni eziseduze nogu, izinsalela zehlathi lasendulo, zinikeza lesi sigcawu umlingiswa okhethekile njengoba kuyindawo yokuhlala kwamaqembu amakhulu ezinyoni.
Ukubaluleka kokuvikela le ndawo nokuyihlukanisa njengendawo yemvelo evikelekile kubalulekile lapho ikhona inani elinjalo lezinto eziphilayo kanye nemvelo eyingqayizivele ekwazi ukugcina izinhlobo zazo zonke izinhlobo. Kumele sikuqonde ukuthi imvelo yaseDoñana inebhalansi yemvelo esengozini enkulu ekuthintekeni kwemvelo okukhiqizwa imisebenzi ehlukene yezomnotho yabantu. Lokhu kwenza kubonakale kunakekelwa okukhethekile ngemisebenzi yokuzijabulisa neyomnotho evunyelwe ukwenziwa kule ndawo. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, imvelo yeDoñana inenani elikhulu lezemvelo futhi kufanele ivikelwe.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nemvelo ye-Doñana, izici zayo nokubaluleka kwayo.