Kwezinye izihloko sikhulume nge-lithosphere, i-biosphere, i-hydrosphere, umkhathi, njll. nazo zonke izici zayo. Ukuze uchaze ngokucacile zonke izindawo zoMhlaba kanye nomsebenzi wawo ngamunye, umphakathi wesayensi ubeka imingcele. Ezikhathini eziningi kukhulunywa nge-ecosphere, nakuba ingakachazwa kahle futhi ingakanqunywa ukuthi ingakwazi ukuhlanganisa ini.
Imvelo ichazwa ngokuthi imvelo yomhlaba yeplanethi enguMhlaba, okwakhiwe yizo zonke lezo zinto eziphilayo ezikhona ku-biosphere kanye nobudlelwano obakhiwa phakathi kwabo nemvelo. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngezimpawu nokubaluleka kwemvelo?
Incazelo yemvelo Kuyini?
Singasho ukuthi i-ecosphere iyi isamba se-biosphere nokusebenzisana kwayo okungenzeka nemvelo. Ngamanye amagama, i-biosphere yayihlanganisa yonke indawo yoMhlaba ehlala izidalwa eziphilayo, kepha ayizange icabangele ukusebenzisana okukhona phakathi kwalezi zinto eziphilayo nemvelo. Okungukuthi, ukushintshaniswa kwezakhi zofuzo phakathi kwezilwane nezitshalo, amaketanga ama-trophic e-ecosystems, umsebenzi umzimba ngamunye onawo endaweni lapho kuhlala khona ezinye izinhlobo, ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-abiotic nengxenye ye-biotic, njll.
Lo mqondo we-ecosphere ubanzi kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, ngoba ngenxa yawo kungenzeka ukuqonda ngendlela ejwayelekile esingakubiza ngayo imvelo yamaplanethi yakhiwe ngenhla eqanjwe, i-geosphere, i-biosphere, i-hydrosphere nomkhathi. Ngamanye amagama, i-ecosphere ifana nokufundwa kwazo zonke ezinye izinto zemvelo zeplanethi yonke kanye nokusebenzisana kwazo phakathi kwazo.
Izici
Ngoba ubukhulu be-ecosphere bukhulu kakhulu, bungahlukaniswa baba ngamasayizi amancane ukwenza lula ukutadisha kwayo. Kumele kucace ukuthi yize abantu behlukanisa futhi behlukanisa imvelo ukuze bakuqonde kangcono ukusebenza kwayo, ukuyigcina nokuyisebenzisa, kuyiqiniso ukuthi imvelo iphelele nokuthi kunokuxhumana okungaguquguquki phakathi kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo ezakha lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-ecosphere.
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ezindaweni zemvelo zeplanethi yonke izidalwa eziphilayo zihlangana ngqo noma ngokungaqondile. Isibonelo, lapho izitshalo i-photosynthesize, zimunca i-CO2 futhi zikhiphe umoya-mpilo obalulekile empilweni yezinye izidalwa eziphilayo. Esinye isibonelo lapho kungenelela khona i-abiotic efana namanzi umjikelezo we-hydrological. Kulo mjikelezo, amanzi ahamba ngenqubo ebalulekile yokuphila ezingeni lomhlaba. Ngenxa yalokhu kuhamba kwamanzi nalokhu kunikela okuqhubekayo kuzinto eziphilayo, izigidi zezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zingaphila emhlabeni wethu.
Lokhu kuxhumana okutholwa yizo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo, zombili komunye nomunye kanye nezici ze-abiotic (njengamanzi, inhlabathi noma umoya) kusenza sibone ukuthi zonke izingcezu zephazili ziyadingeka ukuze zihlangane eMhlabeni. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuthi sizame ukunciphisa imithelela eyenziwa ngabantu emhlabeni, ngoba noma yimuphi umonakalo oba khona kuzoba nemiphumela kwezinye izingxenye ezakha i-ecosphere.
Izingxenye
Uma sibhekisa kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo sinokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Okokuqala sinezinto ezikhiqizayo. Lokhu kubizwa ngama-autotrophs, okungukuthi, ayakwazi ukukhiqiza ukudla kwawo ngamanzi, isikhutha kanye nosawoti wamaminerali. Ukuzakhela ukudla badinga amandla emisebe yelanga. Izitshalo zingama-autotrophic.
Lezi zokugcina zidla izinto eziphilayo, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-heterotrophs, ezidla izinto eziphilayo eziphilayo ezikhiqizwa ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo. Kuma-heterotrophs singathola izinhlobo eziningana zezinto ezidlayo:
- Abathengi bokuqala. Yibo labo abadla utshani kuphela, obaziwa ngokuthi ama-herbivores.
- Abasebenzisi besibili. Yilezo zilwane ezidlayo ezidla inyama yezilwane ezidla utshani.
- Abathengi abasezingeni eliphakeme. Ziphila ngalezo zilwane ezidla ezinye izilwane ezidlayo.
- Abahlakazayo. Kuvele kube yilezo eziphilayo ze-heterotrophic ezondla ngezinto ezifile zemvelo ezivela ezinsaleleni zezinye izidalwa eziphilayo.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-biosphere ne-ecosphere
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-biosphere, lapho kukhona khona lezi zinto eziphilayo, isukela phansi kolwandle iye phezulu esiqongweni sentaba ephakeme kunazo zonke, ehlanganisa nengxenye yomkhathi, i-troposphere, i-hydrosphere nengxenye ethile yomhlaba okungukuthi, i-biosphere, njengoba kuvela, kuyindawo yomhlaba lapho kutholakala khona impilo.
Kodwa-ke, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-ecosphere akuyona indawo kuphela lapho impilo itholakala futhi isakazeka khona, kepha ifunda bonke ubudlelwano obukhona phakathi kwalezi zidalwa eziphilayo. Ukushintshaniswa kwendaba namandla phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo nemvelo kuyinkimbinkimbi impela. Ukuze kube nokuvumelana emvelweni futhi zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zingahlala ngasikhathi sinye, kufanele kube khona imithombo yemvelo yokondla imiphakathi, izidalwa ezilawula inani labantu bohlobo ngalunye, izidalwa ezingamathuba, ibhalansi phakathi kwama-parasites kanye ne-host, ubudlelwane be-symbiotic, njll. .
Isistimu yemvelo ngayinye inebhalansi yemvelo ngokuya ngabantu, imithombo yemvelo kanye nezimo zezulu ezenzekayo. Lokhu kulinganiswa kwemvelo kube nzima kakhulu ukutadisha nokuqonda, ngoba kunezinto eziningi eziguqukayo ezisebenza kuleli bhalansi elintekenteke. Izimo zezulu yilezo ezinquma inani lamanzi atholakalayo ku-ecosystem, inani lamanzi, nalo, lenza ukukhula kwezitshalo, nakho okusekela inani lezilwane ezidla izilwane, okuyizo ezisebenza njengoba ngondla izidlo ezidla inyama futhi zishiya izinsalela kubanikezeli bokubola kanye nakubakhwabanisi.
Lonke lolu chungechunge lokudla "luboshelwe" ezimweni ezikhona endaweni ngayinye nangesikhathi ngasinye, ngakho-ke uma kunesici esingalingani zonke izinto eziguqukayo, i-ecosystem ingadala ukungazinzi. Isibonelo, leso sici esenza kungalingani konke okuguqukayo kungaba isenzo somuntu. Imithelela eqhubekayo yomuntu emvelweni kuzo zombili izici ze-abiotic kanye ne-biotic iguqula ukulingana kwemvelo, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ezinhlotsheni eziningi ukuba ziphile futhi kuholele ekuqothulweni kwezinye eziningi.
Uhlelo olukhethekile olwenziwe yi-NASA ukuqonda imvelo
Ukuqonda ibhalansi yemvelo ekhona ezindaweni eziphilayo, i-NASA idale ukuhlolwa. Kuyiqanda lengilazi elimbozwe ngehermetically, lapho kuhlala khona ulwelwe, amabhaktheriya nezimfanzi, umhlaba ophelele ngokwesayensi, okungukuthi, ngokunakekelwa okuhambisanayo, kungaphila phakathi kweminyaka emine kuya kwemihlanu, yize kube nezimo zokuphila okwadonsa iminyaka eyi-18.
Lolu hlelo olukhethekile lwenzelwe ukuqonda ibhalansi elawula izinhlelo futhi ezakha ukuvumelana ukuze zonke izinhlobo zezilwane zikwazi ukuhlala kulo futhi zizinikeze ngemithombo yemvelo ngaphandle kokuziqeda.
Ngaphezu kwalombono wokuqonda ukulinganisela kwemvelo, lolu hlelo lwenzelwe ukuthola ezinye izindlela zokuhambisa imvelo ephelele kumaplanethi akude noMhlaba ngokuzayo. njengama-mars.
Amanzi olwandle, amanzi olwandle, ulwelwe, amagciwane, imfanzi, amatshe afakwa eqandeni. Umsebenzi webhayoloji wenzeka wedwa ngoba iqanda livaliwe. Imukela kuphela ukukhanya okuvela ngaphandle ukugcina umjikelezo webhayoloji.
Ngale phrojekthi ungaba nombono wokuba nesikhungo esisebenza ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zokudla, amanzi nomoya ukuze osomkhathi bakwazi ukufinyelela kwenye iplanethi kahle. Ngakho-ke, ngalo mqondo, i-NASA ibheka imvelo njengeplanethi encane yomhlaba nezimfanzi ezisebenza njengabantu.
Ukudlula imikhawulo yemvelo
Ngenxa yalokhu kuhlolwa, sikwazi ukuqonda kahle ukulingana kwemvelo nokuthi, uma nje imingcele ihlonishwa, kungaba nokuvumelana nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezisekelwa yisikhala ezizokwazi ukuphila. Lokhu kuzosisiza ukuthi sazi ukuthi, emhlabeni wethu, imikhawulo yemvelo iyedlulwa, ngoba okuguquguqukayo kwemvelo kuyadlulwa.
Ukwenza ukuqonda kwale mikhawulo ukuthi i-ecosphere inokulula okuncane, kufanele sinake ukuthi i-ecosystem inezinsizakusebenza ezilinganiselwe futhi inesikhala esilinganiselwe. Uma sifaka izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu kuleso sikhala, zizoncintisana ngezinsizakusebenza nensimu. Izinhlobo zikhiqiza futhi zande inani lazo kanye nenani labantu, ngakho-ke isidingo semithombo nomhlaba sizokwenyuka. Uma izinto eziyinhloko kanye nabathengi bokuqala banda, izilwane ezidliwayo nazo zizokwanda.
Lesi simo sokukhula okuqhubekayo asikwazi ukuqhubeka unomphela ngesikhathi, ngoba izinsiza azipheli. Lapho izinhlobo zidlula umthamo wezinto eziphilayo ukuvuselela nokugcina izinsizakusebenza, izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ziqala ukwehlisa inani labantu lize lifinyelele ekulinganeni futhi.
Yilokhu okwenzekayo ngomuntu. Sikhula ngezinga elikhulayo nelinganqandeki futhi sisebenzisa imithombo yemvelo ngesilinganiso lapho iplanethi ingenaso isikhathi sokuzivuselela. Ukulinganiswa kwemvelo kweplanethi kudala kudlulwe ngabantu futhi singazama kuphela ukukwenza futhi ngokuphatha okungcono nokusetshenziswa kwayo yonke imithombo.
Kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi sinamaplanethi owodwa kuphela nokuthi kukithina ukuhlala kuwo.