Iziphepho yinto abantu abaningi abebeyesaba kusukela besebancane. Umbani nokuduma kumnandi ukukubona, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kungathandeki ukuzwa. Ziningi izinhlobo zombani ezidala umonakalo omkhulu kuye ngokuthi ushaye kuphi. Nokho, abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi yini imisebe nokuthi akhiqizwa kanjani.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukukutshela ukuthi umbani, ukhiqizwa kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona.
umbani umbani
Ukukhipha okubangelwa umbani kuhambisana nokuphuma kokukhanya. Lokhu kukhishwa kokukhanya kubizwa ngokuthi umbani futhi kukhiqizwa ukudlula kwamandla kagesi akhipha ama-molecule omoya nge-ionize. Kamuva, abantu bezwa umsindo obizwa ngokuthi ukuduma kwezulu, ovela egagasini lokushaqeka. Ugesi okhiqiziwe uhamba emkhathini, ushisa umoya ngokushesha futhi udale umsindo wesici somhlaba. Umbani usesimweni se-plasma.
Isilinganiso sobude bombani singamamitha ayi-1.500-500. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngo-2007, umbani omude kunawo wonke emlandweni washaya i-Oklahoma ngobude obungamamayela angu-321. Umbani ngokuvamile uhamba ngesivinini esingaba amakhilomitha angu-440 ngomzuzwana futhi ungafinyelela isivinini esingafika kumakhilomitha angu-1400 XNUMX ngomzuzwana. Umehluko ongaba khona maqondana nomhlaba izigidi zama-volts. Ngakho-ke, le misebe iyingozi kakhulu. Kukhona cishe izigidi eziyi-16 zokuduma kwezulu eMhlabeni unyaka ngamunye.
Ngokuvamile, phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zombani, zikhiqizwa izinhlayiya ezinhle emhlabathini kanye nezinhlayiya ezimbi emafwini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwamafu aqondile abizwa ngokuthi amafu e-cumulonimbus. Uma ifu le-cumulonimbus lifinyelela ku-tropopause (isifunda setheminali se-troposphere), inkokhiso ephozithivu yefu inesibopho sokuheha ukushajwa okunegethivu. Ukuhamba kwalokhu kushaja emkhathini yikho okubangela ukuthi kube nombani. Ngokuvamile kudala umphumela wokubuyela emuva naphambili. Kubhekiselwa embonweni lapho izinhlayiya zikhuphuka isikhashana futhi zibuye zibangele ukuwa kokukhanya.
Umbani ungakhiqiza ama-watts ayisigidi samandla asheshayo, afana nokuqhuma kwenuzi. Igatsha le-meteorology elibhekene nocwaningo lombani nakho konke okuhlobene nawo libizwa nge-ceramics.
ukwakheka kombani
Ukuthi ukulanda kuqala kanjani kuseyimpikiswano. Ososayensi abakakwazi ukuthola ukuthi iyini imbangela. Okuphawuleka kakhulu yilabo abathi ukuphazamiseka komkhathi yikho okubangela umsuka wezinhlobo zombani. Lezi ziphazamiso ezisemkhathini zibangelwa ukushintsha komoya, umswakama, nomfutho womoya. Kuphinde kukhulunywe ngemiphumela yomoya welanga kanye nokuqoqwa kwezinhlayiya zelanga ezikhokhiswayo.
Iqhwa lithathwa njengengxenye ebalulekile yentuthuko. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inesibopho sokusiza ukuhlukaniswa kwezindleko ezinhle nezingezinhle ngaphakathi kwamafu e-cumulonimbus. Umbani ungenzeka futhi emafini omlotha ovela ekuqhumeni kwentaba-mlilo, noma ngenxa yothuli oludala olumile oluvela emililo yequbula enodlame.
Ku-hypothesis ye-electrostatic induction, siphikisa ngokuthi amashaji kagesi aqhutshwa yizinqubo abantu abangakaqiniseki ngazo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezindleko kudinga umsinga onamandla okhuphukayo, obhekene nokuthwala amanzi ehla phezulu. Ngaleyo ndlela, lapho amaconsi amanzi efika ezingeni eliphakeme, umoya opholile ozungezile usheshisa ukupholisa. Njengenjwayelo, lawa maconsi abanda kancane emazingeni okushisa -10 kanye -20 degrees. Amakristalu eqhwa ayashayisana akhe ingxube yamanzi neqhwa ebizwa ngokuthi isichotho. Ukushayisana okwenzekayo kubangela ukuthi inkokhiso evumayo kancane idluliselwe kumakristalu eqhwa kanye nokushajwa okuncane okunegethivu kumatshe esichotho.
I-current iphusha amakristalu eqhwa alula phezulu, okubangela ukushaja okuhle ukuthi akheke ngemuva kwefu. Okokugcina, amandla adonsela phansi oMhlaba yiwo abangela ukuthi amatshe esichotho awe ngokubi, njengoba amatshe esichotho asindayo maqondana nendawo naphansi kwefu. Ukuhlukaniswa nokuqoqwa kwenkokhiso kuyaqhubeka kuze kube amandla anele ukuqalisa ukukhipha.
Enye inkolelo mayelana nenqubo yokuhlukaniswa inezinto ezimbili. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:
- Iqhwa eliwayo namaconsi amanzi ziba i-polarized kagesi njengoba zidlula endaweni kagesi ubunjalo boMhlaba.
- Izinhlayiya zeqhwa eziwayo ziyashayisana futhi zikhokhiswa ngokungeniswa kwe-electrostatic.
Izinhlobo zemisebe
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemisebe enezici ezithile. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lombani yilona oluvame ukubonakala futhi lwaziwa ngokuthi umbani we-streak. Lena yingxenye ebonakalayo yokulandela umsebe. Eziningi zazo zenzeka emafwini ngakho azibonakali. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zombani:
- Umbani wefu ukuya phansi: Iyona eyaziwa kakhulu futhi eyesibili evame kakhulu. Iwusongo olukhulu kunazo zonke empilweni nasezimpahleni. Ikwazile ukushaya uMhlaba futhi yakhipha ugesi phakathi kwefu le-cumulonimbus noMhlaba.
- I-Pearl Lightning: Uhlobo lombani osuka efini uye emhlabathini obonakala ugqashuka ochungechungeni lwamasegimenti amafushane, akhanyayo.
- umbani ophazimayo: Lolu olunye uhlobo lombani osuka phansi uye phansi ophila isikhashana futhi obonakala uwumbani nje. Ngokuvamile ikhanya kakhulu futhi inamagatsha amakhulu impela.
- imibani enemfologo: Lezo zombani ezethula ukuhlukana kabili emgudwini wazo ukusuka efwini kuye emhlabathini.
- Umbani wefu eliphansi: Kungukuphuma kukagesi phakathi komhlaba nefu, kuqala ngokushaqeka kokuqala okuya phezulu. Ingenye yezingavamile ukubonakala.
- Ifu ukufiphaza umbani: Kwenzeka phakathi kwezindawo ezingahlangene nomhlabathi. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho amafu amabili ahlukene edala umehluko ongaba khona.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi umbani futhi ukwakheka kanjani.