Ukufakwa njalo kwama-pellets ogwini lwaseCantabrian kunemiphumela ebalulekile kokubili kwemvelo yasolwandle kanye nempilo jikelele, kunomthelela ngokuqondile ezinhlobonhlobo eziphilayo ezihlala olwandle nasezifundeni ezisogwini. Lo mkhuba utholakale unomthelela ekwandeni kokungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali kanye namazinga obuthi. Abantu abaningi abazi imiphumela yama-pellets emabhishi aseSpain.
Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yimiphi imiphumela eyinhloko yama-pellets emabhishi aseSpain.
Ukuthulula i-Pellet
Ukulahlwa kwama-pellets epulasitiki kumthengisi u-Toconao, okubangelwa ukulahlekelwa kweziqukathi eziningana olwandle, sekusakazekele ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zogu lwaseCantabrian, ngokugxila okukhethekile ezindaweni zaseGalician nase-Asturian.
Nakuba izingxoxo ze-Global Plastics Treaty zibhekene nezinselelo eziningi, isigameko sokuchitheka kwegazi, ikakhulukazi mayelana nemvelo yasolwandle, sishubisa impikiswano yezepolitiki phakathi kukaXunta nohulumeni omkhulu njengoba kuyiwa okhethweni lwezifunda, kanti ngesikhathi esifanayo lokho kuyisihloko sokuqulwa kwecala lobugebengu bezemvelo.
Ohulumeni base-Asturias naseCantabria bashubile impendulo yayo ekungcolisweni kolwandle ngengozi iqhubekela esigabeni sesi-2 sohlelo lwayo. Ukutholwa kwama-microplastic ogwini lwayo kukhuthaze lesi senzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Cantabria iphakamisele I-Civil Protection Territorial Emergency Plan yayo ezingeni lesi-2 ngenhloso yokucela usizo kuhulumeni omkhulu ukuze kugwenywe ukuthutheleka okukhulu kwama-pellets ogwini.
Emzamweni wokunciphisa umthelela ongaba khona ogwini lwayo, uHulumeni waseBasque wenze isu lokubuyisa ama-pellets olwandle oluvulekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, baqoke eSanturtzi imikhumbi emibili efakwe amanetha akhethekile aklanyelwe ukuqoqa lezi zinhlayiya zepulasitiki. Uma kuphakama isidingo, uhulumeni ukulungele ukuthumela le mikhumbi evela eToconao. Ukwengeza, okwamanje bahlola ukuba khona kwezinye izinhlobo zama-microplastic eduze nogu lwabo.
Imiphumela yama-pellets emabhishi aseSpain
Ukubukeka kwalokhu kuchitheka okubalulekile kugqamise ukubaluleka “komphumela omubi” ovame ukuhlotshaniswa nemboni yamakhemikhali, njengokuthi ukuba khona kwemfucumfucu ye-microplastic emabhishi nasezindaweni ezizungezile zemifula yaseSpain.
Kulesi sigaba sokuqala, ubukhulu bemiphumela yalawa mabhola anemibala, ayindilinga, asebenza njengezingxenye eziyisisekelo zokukhiqizwa kwepulasitiki, angeke ahlolwe ngokugcwele. Nokho, ochwepheshe bayasikhanyisela ngomthelela ongaba nawo endaweni ezungezile, ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ngisho nempilo yabantu. Umbuzo uphakama: ngabe lokhu kumosha kungaba yingozi kangakanani endaweni yethu?
Lawa ma-pellets ayingozi enkulu emvelweni. Banekhono lokuphikelela endaweni isikhathi eside, okuyinto ibanga eliphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 no-70, bese libola libe yizinhlayiya ezincane, ekugcineni kwakheka ama-microplastics.. Imithelela yezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle ikabili. Okokuqala, ukufaka lawa ma-granules kungabangela ukulimala ngokomzimba. Okwesibili, kunengozi yokuchayeka ekungcoleni kwamakhemikhali okuhambisana nama-pellets.
Lokhu kungcola kungase kube khona kakade kuma-granules ngenxa yokufakwa kwezithasiselo, noma kungase kutholwe endaweni ezungezile. Okunye ukungcola kwamakhemikhali kukhona ezindaweni eziphansi kakhulu emvelweni, kodwa kunamathela ngaphezu kwama-granules, okubangela ukugxila kwazo futhi kuzenze zibe yingozi nakakhulu ezintweni eziphila olwandle ezizidlayo.
Kunocwaningo oluningi olwenziwe ngama-pellets aqoqwe eCanary Islands oluveze ukuba khona kwezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-80 zokungcola, njengezibulala-zinambuzane, izinqamuli zomlilo nezihlungi ze-UV. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho izinhlanzi ziphakelwa ukudla okuqukethe i-10% ye-microplastics nama-pellets aqoqwe emabhishi yiqembu le-EOMAR, eliqukethe ukungcola kwamakhemikhali, kwaphawulwa ukuthi lezi zinto ezingcolile zidluliselwa esibindi senhlanzi.
Indlela yokwelapha ama-pellets emabhishi
Ukuze kubhekwane ngokuphumelelayo nodaba lwama-pellets alahliwe, iqembu locwaningo lesikhungo se-ECOAQUA ligqamisa isidingo sokuthola ulwazi oluphelele ngale mikhiqizo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa qonda uhlobo oluthile lwepulasitiki olusetshenziswa, ukuthi ama-pellets aqukethe noma yiziphi izithasiselo nokuthi ngabe ishidi lobuchwepheshe linikeza noma yiziphi izincazelo ezifanele. Kubalulekile futhi ukususa ngokushesha ama-pellets ogwini ukuze kugwenywe ukuhlanganiswa kwawo nesihlabathi kanye ne-algae, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu inqubo yokuqoqa.
Lesi sigameko siye sabangela ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki okukhulu okunzima kakhulu ukukuqeda. Uma sezingenisiwe ku-ecosystem yasolwandle, lezi zinhlayiya zepulasitiki ziyahlukana ngenxa yesenzo samagagasi nokuchayeka elangeni. Ubuthi bepulasitiki buyanda njengoba buhlukana bube yizicucu ezincane, okwenza kube lula ukumuncwa izinto eziphilayo.
Umonakalo uwumphumela wokuxhumana isikhathi eside nokuqhubekayo. Ayikho ingozi esheshayo lapho uthinta lezi zinto, naphezu kwalokho abanye abangase bakusho, njengoba zingenabo ubuthi obunzima. Nokho, izidalwa zasolwandle zingabhekana nezinkinga ezimbili ezihlukene ngenxa yokuchayeka.
Ukungena kwalawa ma-granules kungabangela umthelela womzimba njengoba evimba isimiso sokugaya ukudla, ekugcineni kubangele ukufa ngenxa yendlala. Ukwengeza, kukhona ithuba lokulimala kwamakhemikhali okubangelwa izithasiselo ezitholakala kulawa ma-granules. Ezinye ze Lezi zithako zingaba yingozi kakhulu, kuhlanganise nemithi yokuvikela ilanga. Ngisho noma ama-granules angenazo izithasiselo ezinjalo futhi enziwe ngama-inert compounds njenge-PET, aqhubeka esebenza njengezinto ezimuncayo, aqongelela okunye ukungcola okukhona endaweni yasolwandle. Lokhu kwakha futhi kungabangela ukulimala kwamakhemikhali.
Uma sisebenzisa lezi zinhlanzi, sizophinde simunce izinto eziziqoqile. Kuyiqiniso elaziwayo ukuthi izinhlanzi azikwazi ukukhululeka ngokuphelele ekungcoleni futhi nakuba kungase kusheshe kakhulu ukunquma izinga eligcwele lalesi sigameko, kuqinisekile ukuthi amazinga okungcola azokhuphuka ngenxa yalokhu kuchitheka.
Lezi zincane Ama-sphere epulasitiki anesikhathi eside sokuphila endaweni yemvelo. Ngenxa yokushelela kwawo, angakhukhulwa kalula imisinga yolwandle, okwenza ukululama kwawo kube umsebenzi onzima. Nakuba amanye alawa mapulastiki azogcina egezekile ogwini, njengoba sesifakaza kakade, amanye azohlala efihliwe ukuze angabonwa, noma akhukhulekele olwandle noma acwile ekujuleni, lapho angase abhajwe khona ezintweni eziphilayo noma agqitshwe yinhlabathi.
Ngaphezu kokubukeka kwazo okumangalisayo, lezi zimbulunga zinezinhlobonhlobo zobukhulu ezizenzayo Izidalwa zasolwandle zizenza kalula nje zibe ukudla, okuholela ekudleni kwazo kanye nokulimala ngokomzimba okulandelayo.. Lo monakalo ungazibonakalisa ngezindlela ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukushintsha kokudla, ukuhuzuka, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine kanye nomthelela wezinto ezinobuthi eziziphethe.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nemiphumela yokulahlwa kwama-pellets emabhishi aseSpain.