El ukukhwabanisa Kuyindlela esetshenziselwa ukukhipha igesi yemvelo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ezingaphansi komhlaba. Igesi elixhashazwayo linqwabelana ezimbotsheni nasezimfantwini zamadwala entaba. Ngokuvamile, amadwala lapho kukhishwa khona lo gesi kukhona i-slate ne-marl, ngenxa yokuthi ukungena kwawo okuphansi kuvimbela igesi ukuthi liye kwezinye izindawo lapho kunzima ukukhipha khona.
Kodwa-ke, le ndlela yokukhipha igesi yemvelo ibangela imiphumela yesibili emvelweni. Okuthinteka kakhulu kusobala ukuthi inhlabathi. Kepha futhi kunqubo yokukhipha igesi yemvelo, ezinye izinto zemvelo ezinjengamanzi, izilwane kanye nohlaza kanye nempilo yabantu ziyathinteka.
Asinakukuphika lokho kufraya uthanda umnotho ukukhiqiza imisebenzi, ukuhlinzeka izinkampani ngegesi yemvelo, nokwenza inzuzo enkulu kulabo abayixhaphazayo. Kungakho lo msebenzi uvikelwa futhi usekelwa izinkampani eziningi kanye nohulumeni. Kodwa-ke, izingozi empilweni nasemvelweni ziya ngokuya zanda.
Ukuze kukhishwe igesi yemvelo, kufakwa amakhemikhali anobuthi enhlabathini. Kwenziwa ngomfutho ophakeme futhi amanzi angcolile bese empontshwa ajule ukukhipha igesi.
Phakathi kwemiphumela emibi engayibangela ukuthi sibe nesishiyagalombili ebaluleke kakhulu:
1- Owokuqala yi- ukungcoliswa kwamanzi. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokubhoboza umfutholuketshezi, kuhlungwa inani elikhulu legesi yemethane nemikhiqizo enobuthi engangcolisa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Lolo ketshezi olufuthwayo alunakuboliswa futhi lungatholakala kuphela phakathi kuka-30% no-50%, okusele kuhlala kungcolisa amanzi nenhlabathi.
2- Ukungabi namanzi. CNgakho-ke, u-90% wamanzi asetshenzisiwe ekuthweni kwama-fracking awatholakali, futhi isomiso kanye nokushoda kwamanzi emazweni kuyanda, ngakho-ke inani elikhulu lalo mthombo oswele liyachithwa.
3- Imiphumela yezempilo. Uketshezi olukhishiwe lufakwa emoyeni ovulekile ukuze luvule amandla futhi lukhiqize izinhlanganisela eziguquguqukayo zezinto eziphilayo emkhathini futhi uma liphefumulelwa abantu lithinta kabi impilo.
I-4- Kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi ukuthwebula izimbangela ukuzamazama komhlaba