Umuntu udinga i Imithombo yamandla ukuze sihlangabezane nesidingo futhi sibe nezinga lempilo esinalo namuhla. Imithombo yamandla eletha amadolobha ethu, izimboni, njll. Yehlukile. Futhi ngayinye ivela emkhakheni ovuselelekayo noma ongavuseleleki.
Kule ndatshana sizokutshela ukuthi yimiphi imithombo yamandla, yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezikhona nokuthi uyini umsuka nokusetshenziswa kwazo.
Iyini imithombo yamandla
Ngaphambi kokuchaza uhlobo ngalunye olukhona, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi uyini umthombo wamandla. Kungumthombo lapho amandla angakhishwa khona ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene (ikakhulukazi ezentengiso). Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuhlali kunjalo.
Esikhathini esedlule, abantu babesebenzisa insiza yemvelo ebalulekile ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabo. Lapho ethola umlilo, inhloso kuphela yalamalangabi kwakungamvikela emakhazeni futhi amphekele. Yize siqhubeka nokusebenzisa umlilo ngalezi zinhloso, izinsizakusebenza ezisele (zemvelo noma ezingezona ezokwenziwa) sezivele zikhiqize amandla angasetshenziswa ezikhungweni zokuphehla ugesi noma embonini.
Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, imodeli yamandla eyayikhona yaqala ukubuzwa ngezizathu ezimbili:
- Izinkinga zemvelo ezibangelwa ukushiswa kwamafutha ezimbiwa phansi, njengeziqephu ze-smog emadolobheni amakhulu njenge ILondon noma iLos Angeles, noma ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke komhlaba.
- Izingozi zokusebenzisa amandla enuzi, zivezwe ezingozini ezinjengeChernobyl.
Ukwazi incazelo yamandla, singaqala ukutadisha ukuhlukaniswa kwawo.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Imithombo yamandla evuselelekayo
Eyaziwa nangokuthi amandla ahlanzekile, amandla avuselelekayo abaluleke kakhulu ngoba adlala indima ekuvikelweni kwemvelo nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe. Le mithombo yamandla isebenzisa imithombo engapheli evela kwimvelo (njengemisebe yelanga, umoya, amanzi, njll.) Ukukhipha amandla. Phakathi kwemithombo yamandla evuselelekayo ekhona sinokulandelayo:
- Amandla elanga: Njengoba igama liphakamisa, la mandla asebenzisa imisebe yelanga ukukhiqiza ugesi. Futhi, ngenxa yenqubekela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, amandla elanga anikeze ukukhuphuka kwamapaneli adumile elanga nezimoto zelanga.
- Amandla kagesi: Ngokungafani nezinhlobo zamandla ezedlule, amandla kagesi asebenzisa amanzi ukukhiqiza amandla. Le nqubo yenzeka edamini noma esiteshini samandla kagesi ophehla amanzi.
- Amandla omoya: Uma besikhuluma ngemithombo yemvelo, yisikhathi sokukhuluma ngomoya. Lokhu kunendima ebalulekile emandleni omoya, okuyiyona ebhekele ukukhiqiza ugesi ngama-wind turbines noma ngama-windmills.
- I-Biomass: Kuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwelanga ukukhiqiza amandla emvelweni.
- Amandla we-geothermal: ukusetshenziswa kwamandla we-geothermal, okungenye yemithombo yamandla evuselelekayo ebaluleke kakhulu.
- I-Thermodynamics: Uma sikhuluma ngalolu hlobo lwamandla, ukudluliswa kokushisa kusabalulekile kwizinsizakusebenza ezivuselelekayo.
Imithombo yamandla engavuseleleki
Kubo, amandla angavuseleleki asebenzisa imithombo yemvelo engaphelelwa, lokhu ngumehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamandla avuselelekayo nalawo angavuseleleki. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa nokukhishwa kwabo, izinsizakusebenza lapho amandla atholakala khona zingacinywa noma kuthathe isikhathi ukuvuselela, kubenze babe ngumthombo wamandla osengozini kakhulu. Ekuhlukanisweni kwayo sithola:
- Amafutha ezimbiwa phansi, anjengeoyili, amalahle, noma igesi yemvelo: Lezi zinsizakusebenza zizophela kungekudala, futhi kuya ngesifunda somhlaba esikhuluma ngaso, kungenzeka zingabi khona. Uma sikhuluma ngokungcoliswa kwemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kwayo, ukuthuthuka kanye nezokuthutha kuveza izingozi ezinkulu, futhi ingxenye yalokhu kufanele isolwe.
- Amandla enyukliya: Waziwa nangokuthi amandla e-athomu, la mandla adlala indima ebalulekile kwi-physics futhi athathwa njengomunye wemithombo yamandla eyinhloko ezweni lami.
Imithombo yamandla eSpain
Uma sigxila kuphela emandleni eSpain, sizothola ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo evuselelekayo nengavuseleleki. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza ezingavuseleleki kuphakeme kakhulu kunalokho kwamandla avuselelekayo, angahumushela engcupheni yemvelo.
Umkhakha wamandla waseSpain umele 2,5% womkhiqizo wasekhaya omningi (GDP), okukhombisa ukubaluleka kwayo kuyo yonke imisebenzi yezomnotho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kungenye yezinsizakusebenza ezidingeka kakhulu kwabaseSpain, futhi singakukhombisa emisebenzini yethu yansuku zonke ekhaya noma phesheya.
Ngokwesimemezelo sangoSepthemba 2019 esikhishwe yiSpanish Red Electricity Company (REE), ukukhiqizwa kukagesi ezweni livela ikakhulukazi emithonjeni engavuseleleki. Khiqiza ugesi njalo ngenyanga ngamandla enuzi, umjikelezo ohlanganisiwe, ukuhlangana kanye namalahle.
Ukubheka ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza ezinamandla kunomthelela obalulekile ezweni futhi, nakanjani, emhlabeni, kuyiqiniso ukuthi kuyadingeka ukushintsha lesi simo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, inhloso ukusebenzisa izinsiza zemvelo ezingapheli futhi uzithuthukise ngendlela enenhlonipho ngokusebenzisa izinsizakusebenza ezivuselelekayo.
Ukuvuselelwa eSpain
ESpain, indlela eyinhloko yokukhiqiza ugesi kusuka emithonjeni evuselelekayo amandla omoya, alandelwe amandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi, amandla elanga we-photovoltaic namandla elanga ashisayo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, iqiniso lokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza ezingavuselelwa likhulu kunokusetshenziswa kwemithombo evuselelekayo liphathelene futhi lidinga ukuguqulwa.
Kulezi zinsuku, izinkampani eziningi ngokwengeziwe zibheja ekuthuthukiseni lesi simo. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukushiya yonke imisebenzi esitshalweni sokukhiqiza; thina, sisuka emakhaya nasekwenzeni nsuku zonke (emsebenzini noma emgwaqweni), singasiza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe isidingo samandla, ngoba ukunciphisa ukufunwa kwalezi zinsiza kuyinto engokoqobo esilimazayo emhlabeni wonke.
Umsebenzi wethu ukufunda ukonga amandla futhi sivumele imboni ibheje kwizinsizakusebenza ezivuselelekayo. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho singavimbela khona ukungcolisa amafutha kanye namagesi ukuthi aqhubeke nokulimaza imvelo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yimiphi imithombo yamandla nokuthi yini ehlukile ekhona.