Enye yezinhlobo esezihlasele ezifundweni zamanzi angenasawoti nasezindaweni ezinamanzi anosawoti imbaza yedube. Igama layo elijwayelekile livela kumbala wegobolondo lalo ofana nowesitifiketi. Inombala okhanyayo onsundu weqiwa yimigqa emnyama ye-zig zag. Le bivalve isibe ngesinye sezinhlobo ezihlaselayo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zemvelo futhi idala umonakalo njengoba sizobona ngezansi.
Kule ndatshana sizokutshela zonke izici zezinhlobo ezihlasela imbaza zamadube.
Umlando njengenhlobo ehlaselayo
I-bivalve encane kunezinye izinhlobo zezimbaza. Bayakwazi ukufinyelela okungenani ku-3 cm njengabantu abadala. Esinye sezici ezigqame kakhulu zalesi silwane ukuthi abantu bavame ukukhula emakoloni. Lawa makoloni abekwa embhedeni amboze zonke izikhala bese kuthi kamuva izimbaza zikhule ngaphezu kwezinye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingaba nobuningi babantu obuphezulu kakhulu obufinyelela ezinkulungwaneni zabantu ngemitha eyisikwele.
Kungenye yezizathu zokuthi kungani kube ngesinye sezinhlobo ezihlasela kakhulu ezaziwayo. Futhi, esinye sezici esisele kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimila ukusebenziseka kwazo kalula. Ungahlukanisa kalula imbaza yedube nge imivimbo ekhona egobolondweni layo lapho ithola khona igama layo elijwayelekile. Lesi silwane sivela ohlwini lwezinhlobo eziyikhulu eziyingozi kakhulu ezihlasela umhlaba wonke.
Ububanzi bemvelo balezi zinhlobo iBlack, Caspian kanye ne-Aral Seas. Phakathi nekhulu le-1985 laqala ukunweba ngezifundo zamanzi ezwekazi laseYurophu lifinyelela eGreat Lakes e-USA ngo-XNUMX, ukuze kamuva lingene ogwini lwaseMississippi nolweCaribbean. Isizathu esenza ukuthi lolu hlobo lungenelele ngamandla alo aphezulu okuzala. Futhi ukuthi, yisibonelo somuntu omdala kuphela esingadedela emvelweni phakathi kwesibungu esigidi nesigidi nesigamu esikhathini esingaphezu konyaka.
Izinhlobo zinenkinga ethe xaxa ngezizathu ezithile. Esokuqala ukukhula okuyihaba kwamakholoni okudala ukulimala ingqalasizinda futhi kuguqula ukwakheka kwe-phytoplankton. Ukukhula okukhulu namandla okuzala kanye nobuningi babantu kwenza kube uhlobo oluhlaselayo. Kulokhu futhi kufanele kungezwe ukumelana okukhulu okunezimo ezahlukahlukene zemvelo. Ngazo zonke lezi zici bakwazile ukungena ezindaweni ezinkulu zemifula namachibi ngesikhathi esifushane.
Imbaza yeZebra njengenhlobo yezinkinga
Ngokwakha izigaxa ezihlangene zabantu, la makoloni angadala umonakalo kwingqalasizinda ye-ecosystem futhi aguqule ukwakheka kwe-phytoplankton. Njengoba sazi, i-phytoplankton ibalulekile eketheni lokudla ezindaweni zasemanzini. Bonke laba bantu bayakwazi ukuvimba amapayipi noma amadamu wamanzi womuntu, adinga ukuqedwa komzimba. Lezi zidalwa ziyamelana namakhemikhali afana ne-chlorine. Ngakho-ke, kufanele zisuswe kusetshenziswa izinhlelo ezizothinta kabi imvelo.
Ukuqeda lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo zezilwane ezihlaselayo, asifuni ukungcolisa imvelo, kufanele siqede izinhlobo ezithile. Banamandla amakhulu wokuhlunga amanzi. Bayakwazi ukuhlunga kuze kufike kumalitha ayi-8.5 wamanzi umuntu ngamunye ngosuku. Lokhu kuba yinselelo impela uma kukhulunywa ngokuqeda laba bantu. Kumele kungezwe ukuthi, kubantu abanamandla okuba nemitha eyisikwele, bayakwazi ukuhlunga umthamo omkhulu wamanzi ngokuqhubekayo.
Amandla wokuhlunga anemiphumela eminingana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inani le-phytoplankton elikhona enkambweni yamanzi liyancipha. Lokhu kuthinta kabi zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane eziphila nge-phytoplankton. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sicacisile amanzi ukuthi ngokususa ukweqisa kwezinhlayiya ezimisiwe singaba namanzi acwebezelayo. Kungashiwo ukuthi lokhu kungumphumela omuhle. Kepha okungekuhle kubi kakhulu.
Kwezinye izindawo ezisenyakatho yeYurophu sezivele zinezinkinga zokungcola komfula futhi zibheka imbaza yedube ngenxa yenzuzo yayo yokuhlunga. Kodwa-ke, akusizi ngalutho ukuba namanzi wekhwalithi enhle kakhulu uma lolu hlobo luyingozi kwezinye izinhlobo zasemanzini. Kuvela ukuthi kube impikiswano ukwazi ukuhlukanisa lezi zinhlobo njengezinzuzo. Kungaba lusizo kubantu kuze kufike ezingeni kodwa hhayi kwezinye izinhlobo.
Isimo eSpain sezimbaza zamadube
Izinhlobo zabantu abadala ziyakwazi ukwakha amakoloni akhula ngaphezu komunye nomunye. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi bafinyelele kubantu abaminyene kakhulu futhi bahlunga emanzini amaningi ngesikhathi esifushane. Ukumelana kwalezi zinhlobo kuphakeme kakhulu futhi izinga lazo eliphezulu lokukhiqiza lidala ukulimala ngqo kwezomnotho eSpain. Ukulahleka kwezomnotho okubangelwa yilolu hlobo e-United States esikhathini esiyiminyaka eyi-10 kudlula ama-euro ayizigidi eziyi-1.600.
ESpain, uMnyango Wezemvelo kunikelwe izigidi ezingama-300 ukulwa nalezi zinhlobo phakathi kuka-2003 no-2006. Lezi zinhlobo zatholakala emgodini we-Ebro emfuleni ngo-2001. Ubuningi babantu babuphansi kakhulu, kodwa eminyakeni eyalandela bakwazi ukwenabela emigodini yaseJúcar naseSegura. Laba bantu bakwazile ukubuyela emuva enkambweni ye-Ebro futhi bafika enkabeni ye-Undugarra eVizcaya ngo-2011. Amanye amaphuzu lapho lezi zinhlobo zitholakale khona edamini laseSobrón, eBurgos, nasePuentelarrá hydroelectric jump, e Ulava.
Okwamanje basikhulisile basifaka kwezinye izindawo, yize kubukeka sengathi yisikhathi nje leso. Imbaza yedube ayingeniswa ngamabomu ngabantu emifuleni ehlasela kuyo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kubantu lokhu ayinayo inzuzo yezomnotho.
Kunamasu athile wokulawula ihlobo isisombululo esicacile senkinga. Ukusetshenziswa kwezihlungi kuvimbela ukudlula kwezibungu emanzini okuhambisa amanzi njengezikhungo zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezimbaza zodube kanye nesimo salo njengenhlobo ehlaselayo.